2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)梳理練習(xí)：必修5 Unit 14 Careers（北師大版）
Unit 14 Careers
(60分鐘81分)
Part A
一、閱讀理解(共8小題;每小題2分,滿分16分)
A
Mary Moe may look like an average grandmother.But she is not.She just learned how to fly an airplane,a dream she has had since she was a little girl.But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream come true.At age 34,she was just too busy to think about flying a plane.Lessons were costly.Everything seemed to be working against Mary.Her dream had to wait.
Mary Moe has done a lot during the past 91 years.For much of that time,she wanted to fly,but never had the chance until now.
Ms Moe learned about Wish of a Lifetime,a non-profit organization.Its goal is to change the way our society thinks about aging and older adults.Sally Webster works for the group.She said Ms Moe’s wish is one of hundreds they receive each year.
Wish of a Lifetime helps older people to enjoy a dream.It also sends the message that it is never too late for a dream.But Ms Webster says it also wants to send another message to society that older Americans can achieve things just like younger Americans can.
Susie Danick also believes in this goal.She founded TAD Relocation,a business that helps senior citizens when they move.Ms Danick gave $5,000 to the Wish of a Lifetime to help seniors realize a dream.Mary Moe was one of them.
Mary Moe received three flying lessons.And on the big day of her first flight,her family and friends all came to cheer her on.Mary’s success made everyone around her excited and proud.It was just a great event,a great day.
It is never too late to spread your wings and try something new.You are never too old to try to make your dreams come true.
1.Why was Mary Moe’s dream difficult to come true?
A.She had no enough time and money in the past.
B.She did nothing for flying lessons.
C.No pilots were willing to help her.
D.Her family did not support her wish.
2.What do we know about Wish of a Lifetime?
A.It can make much money every year.
B.Ms Moe did much for its development.
C.It is popular with the young Americans.
D.It encourages many old adults to succeed.
3.From Mary Moe’s success,we can know she is.?
A.determined B.stubborn
C.unrealistic D.delicate
4.What does the passage mainly tell us about?
A.One should try to be successful when young.
B.You are never too old to try to make your dreams come true.
C.Old people should not be looked down upon.
D.Flying lessons are more difficult to learn.
【文章大意】本文是記敘文,講述了一位91歲的老太太鍥而不舍,努力實(shí)現(xiàn)飛行夢(mèng)想的故事。
1.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream come true.... Lessons were costly.”可知,她沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的飛行夢(mèng)想。
2.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一、二句“Wish of a Lifetime helps older people to enjoy a dream.It also sends the message that it is never too late for a dream.”可看出,該組織的宗旨就是幫助老年人實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,D項(xiàng)符合文意。
3.A 推理判斷題。由第二段“Mary Moe has done a lot during the past 91 years.For much of that time,she wanted to fly...”可知,瑪麗·莫伊對(duì)兒時(shí)的夢(mèng)想矢志不渝,是一位意志非常堅(jiān)定的人。determined“堅(jiān)定的,決意的”;stubborn“頑強(qiáng)的;頑固的”;unrealistic“想象的,不切實(shí)際的”;delicate“優(yōu)美的,優(yōu)雅的”。
4.B 主旨大意題。最后一段點(diǎn)明主題:努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想永遠(yuǎn)不晚。故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I’m an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼氣)has a tendency to form an invisible(隱形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
(2024·湖北高考)
1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when.?
A.they circle around on their bikes
B.they use microcomputers without a stop
C.they exercise in one place for a long time
D.they watch a movie while pedaling
3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because.?
A.their senses stop working
B.they have to stand up straight
C.they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D.their brains receive contradictory messages
4.One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is.?
A.how much exercise they do on the station
B.how they can remain healthy for long in space
C.whether they can recover after returning home
D.whether they are able to go back to the station
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,作者通過(guò)舉例介紹在太空中生活是什么樣的。
1.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”以及下文的介紹可知,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。
2.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句和最后一句“You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.”可知應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。
3.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.”可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。
4.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“NASA is worried about two things...how to maintain...to Mars.”可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。
二、語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
Rene Laennec was a French doctor who learned to tap on people’s chests to find out illness from an Austrian doctor 1.(name) Leopold Auenbrugger.As a boy,Leopold used to tap wine containers in his father’s inn to see how much wine they held.A full one made a different sound 2. an empty one.When he became a doctor,he tapped people’s chests to see how much liquid was in their lungs.Laennec did 3. same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest 4. it was diseased or not.But he was even more interested in diseases of the heart,and he wished that he could hear heartbeats 5.(clear).In those days,a doctor would place his head on a patient’s chest to listen,but if the patient was extremely fat it was 6.(possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.?
One day when Laennec was walking in the park,he saw some girls 7.(play) with a see-saw(蹺蹺板).One of them scratched the end of the board while the others placed their ears against the other end.On walking up,the doctor 8.(ask) why the sounds traveled along the wood.“The sounds are magnified(放大),girls,er...”Suddenly he turned and rushed back to the hospital.Quickly taking some thick paper,he rolled it up like a tube and 9.(begin) listening to patients’ chests.He heard the heartbeats and their breathing.Laennec soon made a better instrument of wood,10. he called a stethoscope.Later,they were made of steel and rubber.?
(2024·山東濟(jì)寧一模)
1.named。空前的doctor是name的動(dòng)作承受者,應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填named。
2.from。different from...“不同于……”。
3.the。same必須與定冠詞the連用。
4.whether。空后是telling的賓語(yǔ)從句,由“it was diseased or not”可知,應(yīng)填表“是否”含義的連詞。
5.clearly。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞hear,故填clearly。
6.impossible。根據(jù)前文的but可知,這里是語(yǔ)意的轉(zhuǎn)折,應(yīng)表示“太胖而不可能聽(tīng)到心臟的跳動(dòng)”。故填impossible。
7.playing。see sb.doing“看到某人正在做某事”,為固定搭配。
8.was asked。doctor是ask的動(dòng)作承受者,再聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)境可知,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故填was asked。
9.began。begin與前文的rolled是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式began。
10.one/which。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少called的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo);或者填one作wood的同位語(yǔ),后跟省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語(yǔ)從句。
Part B
一、完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
One day an old man and his son were going with their donkey to market.As they walked through a village,the man was 1 the donkey and the boy was walking behind.A countryman said the old man was a 2 for not riding,so he 3 up on the animal’s back.?
Soon they passed a group of men,one of whom said the old man was 4 to let the child walk while he 5 the ride.Hearing this,he got off and 6 the boy on the animal’s back.But they hadn’t gone far when people 7 the child of being lazy for making the old man walk,and the 8 was made that they both ride. 9 ,the man climbed on and they set off 10 .?
By the time they had come to the town,the passers-by all took 11 on the donkey.Some were even 12 about the cruelty to the donkey because he was made to carry two people. 13 ,the discouraged man and his son were seen 14 the donkey on their shoulders down the road.?
Trying to 15 everyone is impossible,and will result in 16 to satisfy anyone.If you’re trying to 17 all the expectations that crowd in on you from people and society at large—you’ll end up carrying a 18 burden because you’re not living the 19 you want to,and you’ll necessarily not 20 to meet all the competing demands.?
1.A.driving B.leading
C.training D.riding
2.A.pioneer B.pilot
C.fool D.loser
3.A.flew B.rested
C.marched D.climbed
4.A.cruel B.generous
C.fair D.energetic
5.A.avoided B.enjoyed
C.delayed D.shared
6.A.fitted B.distributed
C.seated D.fixed
7.A.excused B.mistook
C.punished D.accused
8.A.conclusion B.suggestion
C.agreement D.impression
9.A.Besides B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.However
10.A.though B.too
C.yet D.again
11.A.pity B.protection
C.pride D.risk
12.A.careful B.angry
C.familiar D.excited
13.A.Normally B.Actually
C.Finally D.Secretly
14.A.sliding B.decorating
C.saving D.carrying
15.A.persuade B.please
C.comfort D.trust
16.A.failure B.success
C.fear D.attempt
17.A.look down on B.get down to
C.put up with D.live up to
18.A.heavy B.selfish
C.weak D.simple
19.A.life B.way
C.status D.growth
20.A.decide B.promise
C.manage D.intend
【文章大意】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)講述一對(duì)父子和驢子的故事告知我們,我們不可能取悅每一個(gè)人,試圖取悅每一個(gè)人結(jié)果只能是人人都不滿意,而自己卻背上了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。
1.B 由“the boy was walking behind”以及下文中的“not riding”可推斷,老人在前面牽著驢。lead“牽引,引領(lǐng)”符合語(yǔ)境。
2.C 句意:一位鄉(xiāng)下人說(shuō)道,放著驢子不騎,這位老人真是傻瓜(fool)!pioneer“先鋒;拓荒者”;pilot“飛行員”;loser“失敗者,輸家”。
3.D 由前句內(nèi)容和下段第二句“Hearing this,he got off...”可知,此處表示這位老人爬到了驢背上,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。
4.A 句意:其中一個(gè)人說(shuō)道,這位老人太殘忍了,他讓孩子步行而自己卻騎驢享受。cruel“殘忍的,殘酷的”;generous“慷慨的,大方的”;fair“公平的,公正的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
5.B avoid“避免”;enjoy“享受,享用”;delay“推遲,耽擱”;share“共享”。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
6.C 此處指讓兒子騎坐在驢背上,seat“使……坐下,使……落座”符合文意。fit“安裝,使適應(yīng)”;distribute“分發(fā),分配”;fix“使固定,安裝”。
7.D 句意:但是他們沒(méi)走多遠(yuǎn),就有人指責(zé)這孩子懶惰,因?yàn)樗屢晃焕先瞬叫小xcuse“原諒,饒恕”;mistake“弄錯(cuò),誤解”;punish“懲罰”;accuse“指責(zé),譴責(zé)”。accuse sb.of doing sth.“指責(zé)某人做某事”。
8.B 后面that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故選擇B項(xiàng)。conclusion“結(jié)論”;suggestion“建議”;agreement“協(xié)議”;impression“印象”。
9.C 老人騎上了驢背是因?yàn)槿藗?對(duì)孩子)的指責(zé)和建議,此處上下文為因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)選擇C項(xiàng)。
10.D 這里指“他們又出發(fā)了”。again“又,再一次”符合語(yǔ)境。
11.A 根據(jù)下文中的“the cruelty to the donkey”可知,所有的路人都對(duì)驢子表示同情。take/have pity on“同情,憐憫”。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
12.B 由空后的“about the cruelty to the donkey”可知,此處應(yīng)選帶有貶義色彩的詞,B項(xiàng)“憤怒的”符合文意。
13.C 句意:最后,人們看到泄氣的老人和兒子扛著驢子沿路走去。本文講述的故事是按時(shí)間順序?qū)懙?相繼運(yùn)用了One day,Soon,hadn’t...when...,By the time等時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,此處應(yīng)用Finally,C項(xiàng)正確。
14.D 由“on their shoulders”推知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng),表示“扛在肩上”。slide“使滑動(dòng),滑落”;decorate“裝飾”;save“保存,儲(chǔ)蓄,拯救”。
15.B 后文中的satisfy提示答案為B項(xiàng)。persuade“說(shuō)服”;please“使?jié)M意”;comfort“安慰”;trust“信任”。
16.A 由上文中的impossible可知,此處應(yīng)選擇表示否定含義的A項(xiàng)。
17.D look down on/upon“看不起,瞧不起”;get down to“開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做”;put up with“忍受,忍耐”;live up to“符合,不辜負(fù)”。live up to all the expectations“符合各種期望,滿足各種期望”。
18.A 要迎合每個(gè)人的期望,自然是“沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)”,A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
19.A 上文提到“你將會(huì)背上一個(gè)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)”,所以這里指“你過(guò)的不是你理想中的生活”。live a...life“過(guò)……的生活”。
