高中英語 語法精講（Unit 17 Great women）人教版
語法精講Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主謂一致和集合名詞
考查主謂一致的幾大熱點：
1.主語+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與前面的主語保持一致。
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
To find friendship offer friendship.以友誼換友誼。
2.動詞不定式、動名詞及名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。但 what引導的主語從句有時用復數(shù)動詞，這時其含義常可從表語中看出。
When and where to build the hospital is not decided.
What we want are books.
3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also等連接并列主語時，常采用就近原則，即動詞與最靠近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
Not only you but also I am a teacher.
Are either you or he a student?
Here comes a teacher and several students.
There are some books and a pen on the table.
4.在“one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞應為介詞of后面的復數(shù)名詞，因此從句的謂語動詞應為復數(shù)；而在“the only one/every one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞是the only one/every one,定語從句中的謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.
He is one of the students who live in the school.
5.sheep,means等單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，根據(jù)具體情況，謂語動詞選用單數(shù)或復數(shù)。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.
All possible means have been tried to...
6.family,team,group,class等集合名詞作主語時，強調(diào)整體時用單數(shù)謂語動詞，強調(diào)成員時用復數(shù)動詞。
When I got home,the whole family are watching TV.
當我到家的時候，全家人都在看電視。
7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時，表示復數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
The police are running after the thief.
8.分數(shù)、百分數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞一致。而the rest,some,any,most等應與其指代的內(nèi)容相符。
Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.
9.all指人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；指物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
All were silent.大家一言不發(fā)。
All was silent.萬籟俱寂。
10.用and連接的兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語或句子作主語時，一般用復數(shù)動詞。但當表示單一概念時，要用單數(shù)動詞；兩個單數(shù)名詞前有every,each,no,many a等詞修飾時，要用單數(shù)動詞。如:
No teacher and no student is going.
11.many a(許多)和more than one(不止一個)等作定語，修飾作主語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Many a student has been tired by his long speech.
12.表示“總量”或“總和”的時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如強調(diào)具體的數(shù)量，則要用復數(shù)動詞。如：
Twenty years is a long time.
20年是一段很長的時間。
Twenty years have passed since his father died.
自他父親去世以來已經(jīng)有20年了。
13.抽象名詞、學科名詞、專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)。
The United States was founded in 1776.
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
14.“the+形容詞”表示“一類人”時謂語動詞用復數(shù)；表示“一種抽象概念和品質(zhì)”時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.
傷員們在這家醫(yī)院得到了很好的照顧。
The beautiful is not always the useful.
好看的不一定總是有用的。
【考例1】2006遼寧高考，27The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is goingB.go
C.goesD.are going
解析：這個句子的主語是the father，所以其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。再根據(jù)時間狀語every Sunday afternoon in winter可判斷出要用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常性的動作。as well as his children在句子中作狀語，不作主語。
答案：C
【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths________ also true of the Johnsons.
A.are
B.is
C.being
D.to be
解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主語從句，表示單數(shù)，most的單復數(shù)由of后的成分決定，所以這個句子的主語是單數(shù)。being和to be都是動詞be的非謂語形式，所以都不能作為答案。
答案：B
【考例3】________ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?
A.Is
B.Are
C.Does
D.Do
解析：either...or...連接并列主語，謂語動詞就近，故應選擇are,構成be to do結構，表示將來。答案：B
【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is
B.are
C.have been
D.has been
解析：引導詞作主語時，從句的謂語動詞應與先行詞一致，由句子的意義可知，先行詞為the only one。
答案：D
【考例5】 My family________ small,but my family________ all model workers.
A.is;are
B.are;is
C.was;are
D.were;is
解析：句意為“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一個family表示“家庭”，第二個family表示“家庭成員”。
答案：A
【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.
A.isB.are
C.was D.were
解析：本題考查主謂一致及動詞的時態(tài)，當分數(shù)、百分數(shù)作主語時，要根據(jù)其后面的名詞來決定其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。此處onethird應是onethird of the notebook computers,因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)，且句子的時態(tài)用了過去時，所以D項正確。
答案：D
【考例7】(2006江蘇高考，34) A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A.isB.areC.was D.were
解析：此題考查主謂一致的用法。由時間狀語“tomorrow afternoon”判斷，此處應用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，故排除C、D兩項。“a poet and artist”指一位詩人兼畫家，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故選A項。
答案：A
【考例8】My maths ________ all right.What ________ me most is English.
A.are;worried
B.seem;worrying
C.is;worries
D.seems;worry
解析：由句子結構可知，兩個空都應為謂語動詞。maths,what作主語，謂語動詞都應用單數(shù)且兩句話應時態(tài)一致。
答案：C
【考例9】The wounded __________ after.
A.is well looked
B.has been well looked
C.are good looked
D.have been well looked
解析：the wounded“傷員”，表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。
答案：D
語法精講Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主謂一致和集合名詞
考查主謂一致的幾大熱點：
1.主語+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與前面的主語保持一致。
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
To find friendship offer friendship.以友誼換友誼。
2.動詞不定式、動名詞及名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。但 what引導的主語從句有時用復數(shù)動詞，這時其含義常可從表語中看出。
When and where to build the hospital is not decided.
What we want are books.
3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also等連接并列主語時，常采用就近原則，即動詞與最靠近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
Not only you but also I am a teacher.
Are either you or he a student?
Here comes a teacher and several students.
There are some books and a pen on the table.
4.在“one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞應為介詞of后面的復數(shù)名詞，因此從句的謂語動詞應為復數(shù)；而在“the only one/every one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞是the only one/every one,定語從句中的謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.
He is one of the students who live in the school.
5.sheep,means等單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，根據(jù)具體情況，謂語動詞選用單數(shù)或復數(shù)。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.
All possible means have been tried to...
6.family,team,group,class等集合名詞作主語時，強調(diào)整體時用單數(shù)謂語動詞，強調(diào)成員時用復數(shù)動詞。
When I got home,the whole family are watching TV.
當我到家的時候，全家人都在看電視。
7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時，表示復數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
The police are running after the thief.
8.分數(shù)、百分數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞一致。而the rest,some,any,most等應與其指代的內(nèi)容相符。
Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.
9.all指人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；指物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
All were silent.大家一言不發(fā)。
All was silent.萬籟俱寂。
10.用and連接的兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語或句子作主語時，一般用復數(shù)動詞。但當表示單一概念時，要用單數(shù)動詞；兩個單數(shù)名詞前有every,each,no,many a等詞修飾時，要用單數(shù)動詞。如:
No teacher and no student is going.
11.many a(許多)和more than one(不止一個)等作定語，修飾作主語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Many a student has been tired by his long speech.
12.表示“總量”或“總和”的時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如強調(diào)具體的數(shù)量，則要用復數(shù)動詞。如：
Twenty years is a long time.
20年是一段很長的時間。
Twenty years have passed since his father died.
自他父親去世以來已經(jīng)有20年了。
13.抽象名詞、學科名詞、專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)。
The United States was founded in 1776.
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
14.“the+形容詞”表示“一類人”時謂語動詞用復數(shù)；表示“一種抽象概念和品質(zhì)”時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.
傷員們在這家醫(yī)院得到了很好的照顧。
The beautiful is not always the useful.
好看的不一定總是有用的。
【考例1】2006遼寧高考，27The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is goingB.go
C.goesD.are going
解析：這個句子的主語是the father，所以其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。再根據(jù)時間狀語every Sunday afternoon in winter可判斷出要用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常性的動作。as well as his children在句子中作狀語，不作主語。
答案：C
【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths________ also true of the Johnsons.
A.are
B.is
C.being
D.to be
解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主語從句，表示單數(shù)，most的單復數(shù)由of后的成分決定，所以這個句子的主語是單數(shù)。being和to be都是動詞be的非謂語形式，所以都不能作為答案。
答案：B
【考例3】________ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?
A.Is
B.Are
C.Does
D.Do
解析：either...or...連接并列主語，謂語動詞就近，故應選擇are,構成be to do結構，表示將來。答案：B
【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is
B.are
C.have been
D.has been
解析：引導詞作主語時，從句的謂語動詞應與先行詞一致，由句子的意義可知，先行詞為the only one。
答案：D
【考例5】 My family________ small,but my family________ all model workers.
A.is;are
B.are;is
C.was;are
D.were;is
解析：句意為“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一個family表示“家庭”，第二個family表示“家庭成員”。
答案：A
【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.
A.isB.are
C.was D.were
解析：本題考查主謂一致及動詞的時態(tài)，當分數(shù)、百分數(shù)作主語時，要根據(jù)其后面的名詞來決定其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。此處onethird應是onethird of the notebook computers,因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)，且句子的時態(tài)用了過去時，所以D項正確。
答案：D
【考例7】(2006江蘇高考，34) A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A.isB.areC.was D.were
解析：此題考查主謂一致的用法。由時間狀語“tomorrow afternoon”判斷，此處應用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，故排除C、D兩項。“a poet and artist”指一位詩人兼畫家，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故選A項。
答案：A
【考例8】My maths ________ all right.What ________ me most is English.
A.are;worried
B.seem;worrying
C.is;worries
D.seems;worry
解析：由句子結構可知，兩個空都應為謂語動詞。maths,what作主語，謂語動詞都應用單數(shù)且兩句話應時態(tài)一致。
答案：C
【考例9】The wounded __________ after.
A.is well looked
B.has been well looked
C.are good looked
D.have been well looked
解析：the wounded“傷員”，表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。
答案：D
