2024屆高考英語1輪復習牛津譯林江蘇專版課件：M6 Unit 4《Helping people around the World》
3. C 短語辨析。in search of 尋找； in place of 代替； for lack of 因缺乏； for fear of 生怕，以免。句子的完整意思應該是：大城市建起越來越多的高樓大廈，因為缺乏空間。 3. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.(2010·福建)
A. in search of
B. in place of
C. for lack of
D. for fear of 非限制性定語從句
在英文中，有兩種定語從句：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體、更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不十分密切，只是對其作一些附加說明，不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。 1．限制性定語從句因與先行詞關系密切，所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不十分密切，所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。 Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你還記得教我們英語的那個女孩嗎？ We walked down the village street, where villagers were having market day. 我們沿著村里的大街向前走去，村民們正在那里趕集。 2．大多數限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語，而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句，此時非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導。 A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一個中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫，這令我十分恐懼。 A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一個5歲男孩會講兩門外語，這令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。 3．使用非限制性定語從句時，如果先行詞指人，則用who或whose引導非限制性定語從句；先行詞指物可用which引導非限制性定語從句；先行詞表時間或地點且在從句中作時間狀語或地點狀語時，可用 when, where 引導非限制性定語從句。 He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. 他送給他母親一臺彩電作為生日禮物，這使她非常高興。 Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 他們上周日到達南京，有個會議要在那里舉行。 4．關系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用who來代替。在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時可用that代替who/whom，但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時，不可用that代替who/whom。 This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. 這是我在街上遇到的那個女孩。 A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.一個年輕的小伙子新交了一個女朋友，他想給她留下深刻的印象。 He has a sister, who is a teacher.他有一個姐姐，是教師。 5．關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省去，非限制性定語從句的所有關系詞均不可省。 This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 這就是他昨天丟的那本書。 The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丟了這本書，但現在已找到了。 6．在非限定性定語從句中，當關系詞表示事物意義時， 只能用which。 The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太陽給予大地熱量，這就使植物的生長成為可能。 The most important form of energy is electrical energy, which is widely used in our daily life. 最重要的能源形式是電能，它廣泛地運用于我們的日常生活之中。 7．as與which在非限制性定語從句中的區別。 (1)as在從句中通常作主語代指整個主句，表示的意思是“正如、正像”，其引導的定語從句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.
太平洋是最大的洋，這一點我們都知道。
As we expect, we won the game. 我們贏了，這一點在我們預料之中。
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
眾所周知，他是我們班上最好的學生。 (2)which是關系代詞，在從句中作主語或賓語，代指人或物。當代指整個主句時表示的意思是主句和從句之間是因果關系，即“因為、所以”。其引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。
The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.
路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。
He was angry, which made him cry.
他太生氣了以至于他哭了起來。
1．關系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數。 2．注意區別定語從句與強調句。 (1)定語從句中關系詞作從句成分，復合句。 (2)強調it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。 (3)去掉it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強調句) 3．定語從句與同位語從句的區別。 (1)定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。 (2)同位語從句的引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語) 4．關系詞在從句中省略的情況。 (1)關系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。 (2)關系詞作表語。 5．關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關系詞只能是which和whom。 6．幾個特殊的定語從句句型： (1) He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞) He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞) (2) Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday?
(3)He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. (4)It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. ? 1. Mr. Smith has bought a little house in the country, around ________ some green trees.
A. which is
B. it is
C. which are
D. them are
C 此題容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語。其實，此題的最佳答案為C，around which are some green trees 是一個由“介詞＋which”引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 some green trees，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應用are，而不是 is。 2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________， of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
B 許多學生認為此題句子結構比較混亂，逗號太多，難于理清頭緒。請同學們先看下面一句：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________ made the others unhappy. 一般同學都知道此題應填關系代詞 which，用以引導一個非限制性的定語從句。事實上，上面一題就是根據此題演變出來，只不過在 which 與 made 之間插入了一個 of course。所以上面一題應選B。 3. He wrote a lot of novels, most of ________ were popular.
A. them
B. whom
D. that
D. which D 此題最佳答案為D，但很容易誤選A。假若單獨看 He wrote a lot of novels 和 Most of them were popular.這兩句話，它們并不錯，但將它們放在一起用逗號連接就不甚妥當了。因為，英語句子按其結構來劃分，可分為簡單句、并列句、復合句和并列復合句4種，也就是說，一個規范的英語句子，從結構上說，它必須隸屬以上4類句型之一。 但上面一題若選A，則它既不是簡單句(因為它有兩個主謂結構)，也不是并列句(因為它沒有并列連詞)，也不是復合句(因為它沒有主從句之分)，當然它更不是并列復合句，所以選A是錯誤的。可以選D，是因為空白處填了 which 之后，后一句即成了一個非限制性的定語從句，前一句即為主句，整個句子即為一個復合句。 ②Everything according to the plan. 一切都依計劃而行。 ②has worked out ③He goes to the gym every other day. 他每隔一天去體育館健身一次。 ③to work out 3、 look up 查找，抬頭 ◆He looked up, but didn't see anything.
他抬頭，卻什么也沒有看到。 ◆Can you look up the time of the next train?
你查一查下一班火車的時間好嗎？
look after 照管，照料 look at 看望，注視 look back 回顧，回頭看 look down on 看不起，輕視 look for 尋找，尋求 look forward to 盼望，期待
look into 調查，觀察 look on 旁觀，觀看；看待；視作 look out (for) 留神，注意，提防，警惕 look over 檢查，查看，調查 look through 瀏覽，溫習 look up to 尊敬，敬仰 — Is it good to ________________ (查找每一個單詞) when I come across it in reading? — No, you don't have to because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context. look up every word 4、辨析if only, only if (1)if only 如果……多好，要是……就好了。常用虛擬語氣。 ◆If only one had an unlimited supply of money.
要是能財源不斷就好了。 (2)only if 只有當……，只有在……的時候。引導的是客觀條件狀語從句，若這個從句位于句首，主句需要用部分倒裝語序。 ◆Only if I get a job in the summer will I have enough money to go on my education next term.
我只有在暑假打到一份工，下學期才會有足夠的學費(上學)。 ◆The company will succeed only if it can have sufficient backing.
只有當這家公司獲得足夠的資助，它才會成功。 4、辨析if only, only if
①__________ a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the classroom.
只有當學生得到了老師的準許后才可以進入教室。 ①Only if ②__________ I had listened to my parents.
我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了。 ②If only 5、break down 出毛病，不運轉；(身體)垮掉；失敗；遭受失敗；中止，分解 ◆The workers are having a rest, as the machine is broken down.
由于機器出了故障，工人們暫時在休息。 ◆You will one day break down if you are always working so hard.
如果你總是如此辛勤地勞動，總有一天會病倒的。
break away 突然離開 break away from sb. 脫離，離開，背棄 break in 闖進，打斷 break in/with/on 打斷某人的談話 break into… 闖入，侵占 break…into pieces 打碎
break off 折斷，突然中斷；脫落；斷絕；解除 break out (戰爭、火災等)突然發生，爆發；叫
嚷；使做準備，取出，倒空 break through… 突破 break up 開墾，破碎，解散，分解 break sb.'s heart 使某人心碎 ①Plastics and other similar rubbish that doesn't __________ (分解) may be thrown into the sea. ①break down ②The computer system ________ suddenly while she was shopping on the Internet.
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in ②A 6、 under the umbrella of 在……的保護下；在……的管理下 ◆The action was taken under the umbrella of the government.
這個行動是在政府的保護下進行的。
under 表示“處于……狀態” under way 在進行中 under construction 在建設中 under repair 在維修中 under control 在控制中 The new country was formed___________________________ ____________the United Nations. 這一新國家是在聯合國的政治保護下建立起來的。 under the political umbrella of 1、I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them. 我很高興入選成為聯合國的一名親善大使。
to have been chosen為不定式的完成式的被動式。當主語與不定式動詞有被動關系，且不定式所表示的動作又先于謂語動詞動作發生時，動詞不定式就要用完成式的被動式。 ◆The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
據說這本書被譯成很多種語言。 ◆He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year.
他因不到一年就丟了4部自行車而感到很傷心。 is said to have bought Leonardo da Vinci birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. 據說列奧納多·達·芬奇將關在籠子里的鳥買下來，將鳥釋放從而獲得樂趣。 2、Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place. 并不是到處風沙，而是到處有淤泥和水，使得從一個地方到另一個地方很難。 句中making 表示結果狀語。 At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, making up around 4 percent of national total. 在2004年底，在中國大約有6000家外國印刷企業，占了我國所有印刷企業的4%。 making The wind has moderated, sailing safer. 風勢已減弱，做帆船運動較為安全了。 3、It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.
看起來這些人好像只需要說話，因此我發現我的工作不只局限為一名護士。 seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看來”等，可作不及物動詞或系動詞。seem句型歸納如下： (1)seem可與形容詞、名詞、不定式(短語)、分詞及介詞短語搭配。 ◆She seems quite happy today.
今天她似乎很高興。(形容詞) ◆That seems a good idea. 那似乎是個好主意。(名詞) ◆He seems to be thinking about something. 他似乎正在考慮某事。(不定式) ◆He seemed pleased at what I said. 聽了我的話，他似乎很高興。(分詞) ◆They seemed in high spirits.
他們似乎情緒高漲。(介詞短語) (2)seem常用于it作形式主語的結構，即It seems / seemed that… 表示“看來……，似乎……”。 ◆It seems that nobody knew what had happened. 似乎沒人知道發生了什么事。 (3) seem常用于由as if / though引導的從句中。在as if / though引起的從句中，如果說的是非真實的情況，從句謂語用虛擬語氣；如果所述的情況實現的可能性較大，則從句的謂語常用陳述語氣。 ◆It seems as if somebody is calling you. 好像有人在叫你。(陳述語氣) ◆It seems as though he were very stupid. 看來他似乎很笨。(虛擬語氣) (4) 用于There seems / seemed ＋ to be ＋ n．(主語)中。在這一結構中，seem表示“似乎有；看來有”。 ◆There seems to be a lot of things to do. ＝It seems as if there were a lot of things to do. 似乎有很多事情要做。 這一結構的否定形式為“There seems / seemed to be ＋ no ＋ n．”或“There doesn't / didn't seem to be ＋ n．”。 ◆There doesn't seem to have been any difficulty on this question. 在這個問題上似乎沒出現什么困難。 There seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to be admitted into colleges or universities. 在中國高中學生錄取上大學似乎有很大的競爭。 B 考查動詞的辨析。句意為“瑪麗，我已經提醒約翰注意他幫助你的承諾了。”remind…of… 就……提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起……；warn含有“警告”的意思。 ?1. Mary, I ________ John of his promise to help you.(2011·大綱卷)
A. told
B. reminded
C. warned
D. advised 2. C remind和himself構成動賓關系，即remind sb. of sth.; 故用reminded。reminded作賓語補足語。句意：Michael把姚明的相片掛在床邊以提醒自己不要忘了自己的夢想。 2. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.(2011·重慶)
A. reminding
B. to remind
C. reminded
D. remind Unit 4 Helping people around the world 1、 lack n. 缺乏，沒有 (常與介詞of連用) ◆Many people can't afford to buy a house because of lack of money.
因為缺錢，許多人買不起房子。 vt. 缺乏，缺少，沒有 (不用于被動語態) vi. 缺乏(＋in); 需要 (＋for) ◆The plants lack water; please water them, or they'll die.
這些植物缺水；請澆水，否則它們會死的。 ◆He is young; he is still lacking in experience.
他年輕，還缺少經驗。 Many of our young workers ________ proper training.
A. are lacking in
B. are lacking
C. lack for
D. lack in A 2、 worthy
adj. 有價值的， 可尊敬的， 值得的， 配得上的 ◆This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary.
這是一本有價值的英漢詞典。 ◆It was difficult to find words worthy of that occasion.
很難找到適合于那種場合的言詞。 worth, worthy, worthwhile 這些詞均可表示“值得的”之意。 worth 前置詞，后接名詞或相當于名詞的詞，指做某事有一定價值或意義。 worthy 形容詞，與worth同義，但搭配不相同，be worthy of＋n.; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done。 worthwhile 形容詞，用作表語或定語，指某事物是值得的，或某事是值得做的。 ①She said she was not worthy the
honor they had offered her.
她說她不配接受他們給予的榮譽。 ①to accept ②This is a question .
這是一個值得討論的問題。 ②worthy discussing 3、 remind vt. ①“使想起”，后面可以跟從句，也常跟of引起的短語。 ◆What he had done reminded me of the days when I was in the army.
他所做的一切使我想起了我在部隊的那些日子。 ◆They reminded me that they had promised to buy me a car.
他們使我想到，他們承諾過給我買車。 ②“提醒”，跟帶不定式的復合結構；也可以跟about或者of引起的短語。 ◆Be sure to remind her to come back early.
你一定要提醒她早點回來。 ◆We must send a letter to remind him of the deadline of the task.
我們必須寫信提醒他任務的最后期限。 3、 remind vt. ①He got a letter from his mother,
which
(使他想起了家)． ①reminded him of his home ②His words remind me ________ we did together during the past holiday.
A. that
B. of that
C. what
D. of what ②D remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人或某事。what在句中引導賓語從句，并在句中作賓語。 4、辨析approach, means, way, method approach方法，方式；通常指抽象意義上的方法。結構為：approach ＋ to ＋ n. / doing。 (2) means (單復數同形)可以指人或物，其含義為“手段”或“工具”；這個詞不僅用于具體的東西，也可以用于抽象的意念。 (3) way 是個通用的詞。由于way常出現在許多固定的詞組中，way往往是指可能性，而不是說明用什么方式；另外do sth. in this way 中的 way 即 method 的意思，但并不用 method。 (4) method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具體步驟或程序，也可以指抽象概念“條理”，多與with搭配。 with this method ＝ in this way＝ by this means 用這種方法 (1)mean to do (＝plan/intend to do…) 計劃做……，打算做…… (2)mean (doing)… 意思是，意味著 (3)be meant / intended to do… 本意是做…… (4)mean adj. 低劣的；刻薄的；簡陋的；吝嗇的 ◆I have been meaning to phone you all the week.
一個星期來我一直想給你打電話。 ◆Refusing to fill in the form means giving up the chance.
