英語講義【8】英語多義詞
隨著科技的突飛猛進以及電腦資訊的普及，科學術(shù)語、電腦詞匯與日俱增；即使同一個字，有時意思在增加，用途也在擴大。工業(yè)或行政上的 input 和 output 和電腦上的意思，哪會完全相同？小孩時期看到在地上跑的 mouse 和現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)在電腦旁的 mouse，形狀相似，但意思也一樣嗎？
不說特殊用語，就是天天見面的常用字，不管是名詞、形容詞、動詞或副詞，十九都是多義詞，甚至是多種詞類的，既可當名詞、動詞，又可當形容詞，甚至副詞。
關于這點，《英語詞匯：意思和用法》一文中已舉例說明，大家應該記憶猶新，不再重復。
由于一詞多義在英語詞匯的運用上非常重要，這里不厭其煩地再舉一個家喻戶曉的常用字 break，以加強我對這點的重視。
作為動詞，break 有下列 12 個常用意思：
?、?打破、斷，如：（a） If you drop the cup, you will break it. （b） The rope suddenly broke.
② 違反、違約，如：（a） Dont break the law. （b） Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
③ 傷、毀，如：（a） Tony broke Janes heart by not marrying her. （b） Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
?、?中斷、打斷，如：（a） The barking of the dog broke our sleep. （b） The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
⑤ 破曉，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
?、?放棄，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
?、?開路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
?、?毫無得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
?、?闖入，如：A thief broke into my neigbours house and ran away with some valuables.
?、?爆發(fā)，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemys line.
12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.
當名詞時，break 有 5 個常見義，如下：
?、?裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
② 拂曉：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
③ 吃茶點時間：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
?、?休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.
?、?變動：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
隨著科技的突飛猛進以及電腦資訊的普及，科學術(shù)語、電腦詞匯與日俱增；即使同一個字，有時意思在增加，用途也在擴大。工業(yè)或行政上的 input 和 output 和電腦上的意思，哪會完全相同？小孩時期看到在地上跑的 mouse 和現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)在電腦旁的 mouse，形狀相似，但意思也一樣嗎？
不說特殊用語，就是天天見面的常用字，不管是名詞、形容詞、動詞或副詞，十九都是多義詞，甚至是多種詞類的，既可當名詞、動詞，又可當形容詞，甚至副詞。
關于這點，《英語詞匯：意思和用法》一文中已舉例說明，大家應該記憶猶新，不再重復。
由于一詞多義在英語詞匯的運用上非常重要，這里不厭其煩地再舉一個家喻戶曉的常用字 break，以加強我對這點的重視。
作為動詞，break 有下列 12 個常用意思：
?、?打破、斷，如：（a） If you drop the cup, you will break it. （b） The rope suddenly broke.
?、?違反、違約，如：（a） Dont break the law. （b） Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
?、?傷、毀，如：（a） Tony broke Janes heart by not marrying her. （b） Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
?、?中斷、打斷，如：（a） The barking of the dog broke our sleep. （b） The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
⑤ 破曉，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
?、?放棄，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
⑦ 開路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
?、?毫無得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
?、?闖入，如：A thief broke into my neigbours house and ran away with some valuables.
?、?爆發(fā)，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemys line.
12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.
當名詞時，break 有 5 個常見義，如下：
① 裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
?、?拂曉：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
?、?吃茶點時間：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
?、?休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.
?、?變動：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
