雅思閱讀判斷題的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)探討

　　Reading Passage 1

　　1.

　　題干：The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.

　　原文：In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage......

　　分析：ignored與coverage矛盾，文章表達(dá)了媒體關(guān)注了雨林，而題干的表達(dá)卻是忽視，二者相矛盾，因此為錯(cuò)誤。

　　5.

　　題干：The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as are there any rainforests in Africa?

　　原文：Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.

　　分析：題干中說(shuō)的是一般疑問(wèn)句的提問(wèn)方式，而文章中給出的信息是five open-form questions，意思為特殊疑問(wèn)詞提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題，相矛盾，鼓為錯(cuò)誤。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　題干：The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.

　　原文：Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have feweer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.

　　分析：文章中給出的信息看出，Navajo is considered endangered可以和The Navajo language will die out對(duì)應(yīng)，但是文章中說(shuō)的Navajo給出它有150,000個(gè)說(shuō)話的人，從數(shù)量上來(lái)說(shuō)并不少，而題干中說(shuō)it currently has too few speakers相矛盾，故為錯(cuò)誤。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　9.

　　題干：Any street child can set up their own small business if give enough support.

　　原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.

　　分析：題干中說(shuō)任何街道兒童都有機(jī)會(huì)建立他們自己的小生意，而原文中說(shuō)成為企業(yè)家并不是每個(gè)人能做，也并不是每一個(gè)街道兒童能做，二者表述相互矛盾。

　　11.

　　題干：Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.

　　原文：The loan amount in S.K.I programs has generally ranged from US30-100.

　　分析：文章中給出信息貸款數(shù)量是可以變化的，但題干中的fixed loan是固定貸款的意思，相互矛盾。

　　從以上的例子中可以看出，命題表達(dá)中至少會(huì)有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)需要做出判斷，無(wú)論其他考點(diǎn)怎樣，只要我們能從中找出一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，那么該命題就是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　最后，我們來(lái)看看NOT GIVEN的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的前提之下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯文章沒(méi)有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。從表述中可以看出，被判斷的命題中，首先不能有錯(cuò)誤的成分存在，因?yàn)橹灰霈F(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)，那么該命題就是FALSE/NO了。只有在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的情況下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)文章中沒(méi)有提到，那么該命題就可以被判斷為NOT GIVEN。而在考試中，有一種NOT GIVEN情況很好判斷，就是全文沒(méi)有找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，那么就可以直接下結(jié)論了。看看下面的例子：

　　Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　6.

　　題干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.

　　原文：More girls than boys raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitatsmore girls than boys said that rainforests provided human habitats.

　　分析：從原文的表達(dá)中可以找到題干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以該命題為NOT GIVEN。

　　8.

　　題干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school childrens ideas about rainforests.

　　原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children

　　分析：從題干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，所以答案為NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 2

　　21.

　　題干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.

　　原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.

　　分析：題干中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于中醫(yī)的工資比其他醫(yī)生要高，而原文只陳述了從事中醫(yī)這一行的人很多是商人，他們?yōu)榱四芰糇☆櫩停蚕胩峁┩瑯拥姆?wù)，但并不能得出結(jié)論說(shuō)中醫(yī)就比其他醫(yī)生工資高的結(jié)論，二者表述不相關(guān)，答案為NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　題干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.

　　原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program

　　分析：題干中提到家庭需要獲得財(cái)政資助，但是文章中只是談到說(shuō)能有父母或者監(jiān)護(hù)人的參與會(huì)有很多好處，并沒(méi)有提到說(shuō)家庭需要財(cái)政資助的問(wèn)題，二者并不相關(guān)，所以為NOT GIVEN。

　　從這些例子中可以看出，在判斷中，只要命題中沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤信息出現(xiàn)，而同時(shí)又有考點(diǎn)在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么該命題的答案就是NOT GIVEN。

　　Reading Passage 1

　　1.

　　題干：The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.

　　原文：In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage......

　　分析：ignored與coverage矛盾，文章表達(dá)了媒體關(guān)注了雨林，而題干的表達(dá)卻是忽視，二者相矛盾，因此為錯(cuò)誤。

　　5.

　　題干：The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as are there any rainforests in Africa?

　　原文：Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.

　　分析：題干中說(shuō)的是一般疑問(wèn)句的提問(wèn)方式，而文章中給出的信息是five open-form questions，意思為特殊疑問(wèn)詞提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題，相矛盾，鼓為錯(cuò)誤。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　題干：The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.

　　原文：Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have feweer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.

　　分析：文章中給出的信息看出，Navajo is considered endangered可以和The Navajo language will die out對(duì)應(yīng)，但是文章中說(shuō)的Navajo給出它有150,000個(gè)說(shuō)話的人，從數(shù)量上來(lái)說(shuō)并不少，而題干中說(shuō)it currently has too few speakers相矛盾，故為錯(cuò)誤。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　9.

　　題干：Any street child can set up their own small business if give enough support.

　　原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.

　　分析：題干中說(shuō)任何街道兒童都有機(jī)會(huì)建立他們自己的小生意，而原文中說(shuō)成為企業(yè)家并不是每個(gè)人能做，也并不是每一個(gè)街道兒童能做，二者表述相互矛盾。

　　11.

　　題干：Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.

　　原文：The loan amount in S.K.I programs has generally ranged from US30-100.

　　分析：文章中給出信息貸款數(shù)量是可以變化的，但題干中的fixed loan是固定貸款的意思，相互矛盾。

　　從以上的例子中可以看出，命題表達(dá)中至少會(huì)有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)需要做出判斷，無(wú)論其他考點(diǎn)怎樣，只要我們能從中找出一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，那么該命題就是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　最后，我們來(lái)看看NOT GIVEN的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的前提之下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯文章沒(méi)有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。從表述中可以看出，被判斷的命題中，首先不能有錯(cuò)誤的成分存在，因?yàn)橹灰霈F(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)，那么該命題就是FALSE/NO了。只有在沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的情況下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)文章中沒(méi)有提到，那么該命題就可以被判斷為NOT GIVEN。而在考試中，有一種NOT GIVEN情況很好判斷，就是全文沒(méi)有找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，那么就可以直接下結(jié)論了。看看下面的例子：

　　Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　6.

　　題干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.

　　原文：More girls than boys raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitatsmore girls than boys said that rainforests provided human habitats.

　　分析：從原文的表達(dá)中可以找到題干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以該命題為NOT GIVEN。

　　8.

　　題干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school childrens ideas about rainforests.

　　原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children

　　分析：從題干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，所以答案為NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 2

　　21.

　　題干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.

　　原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.

　　分析：題干中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于中醫(yī)的工資比其他醫(yī)生要高，而原文只陳述了從事中醫(yī)這一行的人很多是商人，他們?yōu)榱四芰糇☆櫩停蚕胩峁┩瑯拥姆?wù)，但并不能得出結(jié)論說(shuō)中醫(yī)就比其他醫(yī)生工資高的結(jié)論，二者表述不相關(guān)，答案為NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　題干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.

　　原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program

　　分析：題干中提到家庭需要獲得財(cái)政資助，但是文章中只是談到說(shuō)能有父母或者監(jiān)護(hù)人的參與會(huì)有很多好處，并沒(méi)有提到說(shuō)家庭需要財(cái)政資助的問(wèn)題，二者并不相關(guān)，所以為NOT GIVEN。

　　從這些例子中可以看出，在判斷中，只要命題中沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤信息出現(xiàn)，而同時(shí)又有考點(diǎn)在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么該命題的答案就是NOT GIVEN。