湖南省長(zhǎng)沙縣實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2024屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)書面表達(dá)復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)話題指導(dǎo)專題22 自然災(zāi)害話題指導(dǎo)（教師版）

　　Class Committee

　　【思路指導(dǎo)】

　　這篇文章是描寫自然災(zāi)害的文章，它應(yīng)該屬于說(shuō)明文的范疇，描述這類自然災(zāi)害首先要說(shuō)明災(zāi)害的基本情況，然后根據(jù)需要選擇角度，簡(jiǎn)明扼要而又突出重點(diǎn)地介紹，力求真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確，恰如其分。寫好自然災(zāi)害的文章的關(guān)鍵是實(shí)施求是，簡(jiǎn)單明了。

　　寫作時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1.災(zāi)害發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等。災(zāi)害的具體影響以及有無(wú)規(guī)律。

　　2.采取救災(zāi)的措施和結(jié)果。災(zāi)害是否可以有規(guī)律和預(yù)防，有何經(jīng)驗(yàn)或建議等。

　　3.時(shí)態(tài)多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，有時(shí)為了說(shuō)明規(guī)律和進(jìn)行總結(jié)可以考慮用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

　　4.要采用客觀的描述，避免主觀的描述內(nèi)容過(guò)多。

　　5.格式通常采用三部分：第一部分為事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)間。第二部分具體災(zāi)害的內(nèi)容、影響和補(bǔ)救措施。第三部分為總結(jié)規(guī)律，提出防范的建議、幫助災(zāi)區(qū)的倡議、自己的想法和感受等。

　　【參考范文】

　　Dear classmates,

　　As we all know , the most serious earthquake in history attacked our Sichuan Province unexpectedly on May 12 th. It did great harm to the area. Thousands of people lost their lives; and more people were hurt, and what was worse, millions of people were made homeless. After the earthquake, the traffic was blocked and the supply of water and electricity was cut off. With the help of the people all over the China , people in disaster area overcame many difficulties and rebuilt their new homes .

　　But now it is cold winter, people of that area even need warmth. As students，we should give a hand to those people in trouble. Let’s help to fill the world with love.

　　We believe, if every one of us give our help ,they will defeat the difficulties and will live a warm winter .

　　Class Committee

　　Dear editor,

　　I’m a senior student that has experienced a great earthquake. I wrote to you to express my thanks to those who helped us when we suffered the disaster.__________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Best wishes,

　　Yours,

　　第四步 恰當(dāng)使用句型，連詞成句。

　?、?I witnessed many strangers devoted their efforts to saving lives, providing food and clothes regardless of their own safety.

　?、?I couldn’t find my parents in such a short time.

　?、?Only few days passed before the students returned to classrooms to have classes.

　?、?New houses are also being reconstructed and it is not long before we moved into our new houses.

　?、?we all treasure the opportunity of studying in the classroom

　?、?The help from others taught us how to respect others and take others into consideration.

　?、?It was also the help from strangers that made us realize the importance of helping and caring for each other facing disaster.

　?、郔 think what we should do is to study harder and help more people in return.

　　【參考范文】

　　Dear editor,

　　I’m a senior student that has experienced a great earthquake. I wrote to you to express my thanks to those who helped us when we suffered the disaster. During this time, I witnessed many strangers devoted their efforts to

　　saving lives, providing food and clothes regardless of their own safety. Without their help, I couldn’t find my parents in such a short time, which makes me excited. Besides, only few days passed before the students returned to classrooms to have classes. New houses are also being reconstructed and it is not long before we moved into our new houses.

　　As a result, we all treasure the opportunity of studying in the classroom. The help from others taught us how to respect others and take others into consideration. It was also the help from strangers that made us realize the importance of helping and caring for each other facing disaster.

　　Now, I think what we should do is to study harder and help more people in return.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【教師點(diǎn)評(píng)】

　　作者注重句式的變化（斜體），與before有關(guān)的句型；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；主語(yǔ)從句等各領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，體現(xiàn)了寫信者的文采。短語(yǔ)（下劃線）使用到位，為表達(dá)文意發(fā)揮了重要作用；所增連接詞（黑體）使句子間有了自然地過(guò)渡?？傊?，這封信表達(dá)了列出的要點(diǎn)，且不落俗套，處處

　　【句型拓展】寫感謝信及災(zāi)后重建方面的作文還可以用到以下句型：

　　together while students in the junior middle school tent received psychological help from a mental health-care teacher.

　　14. Meanwhile, temporary relocation sites such as these have been set up to shelter the town's remaining survivors.

　　實(shí)例指導(dǎo)3—— 捐款通知

　　【寫作任務(wù)】

　　假如你是李華，最近，在我國(guó)西南部的四川省汶川縣發(fā)生了里氏8.0級(jí)的地震，多人遇難。因此你們學(xué)校決定于周日邀請(qǐng)地震方面的專家給全體學(xué)生做有關(guān)地震安全自救知識(shí)的講座，請(qǐng)你代表學(xué)生會(huì)出一個(gè)通知。通知包括以下內(nèi)容：

　　1、講座目的：提高學(xué)生在地震時(shí)的安全自救意識(shí)和能力。

　　2、講座時(shí)間：5月18日（周日）下午2點(diǎn)。

　　3、地點(diǎn)：學(xué)校大禮堂

　　4、講座時(shí)間：1小時(shí)30分鐘左右

　　5、要求：全校所有學(xué)生務(wù)必參加，自帶紙筆。

　　注意：1、字?jǐn)?shù)：120-150

　　2、通知的格式已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

　　3、生詞：里氏震級(jí) Richter scale

　　NOTICE

　　Remember to come on time.

　　Students’ Union

　　【寫作指導(dǎo)】

　　第一步

　　仔細(xì)審題，確立主題，明確要求

　　要點(diǎn)序號(hào) 關(guān)鍵單詞和短語(yǔ)

　　① Measure, on the Richter scale, Jolt, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, in southwest China, result in

　　② Prevent… from…, identify, potential risks, ahead of time, make advance planning, save.

　?、?This is the reason why…, decide, invite …to…, give a lecture

　　④ Involve, protect, guarantee, your safety, before, during, after an earthquake.

　　⑤ Start, at 2 pm, May 18, in the great hall, last, about one and a half hour.

　?、?All the students, are required to, take part in the lecture, on time

　　⑦ Paper and a pen, need, in case, write down, some important points.

　?、?Hope, present, benefit a lot from.

　　第四步 恰當(dāng)使用句型，連詞成句。

　　① Recently，?an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in

　　【參考范文】

　　NOTICE

　　Recently，?an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, resulting in many deaths. Unfortunately, we cannot prevent an earthquake from happening, but if we identified potential risks ahead of time and made advance planning, many lives would be saved. So this is the reason why our school has decided to invite experts to give a lecture. It will involve how to protect yourself and guarantee your safety before, during or after an earthquake. It starts at 2 pm, May 18 in the great hall and lasts about one and a half hour. All the students are required to take part in the lecture on time. Besides, paper and a pen are also needed in case you write down some important points. I hope everyone present will benefit a lot from it.

　　Remember to come on time.

　　Students’ Union

　　2. The organizers have the right to refuse late-comers.

　　3. It has been decided that … will be held …in order to….

　　4. Please be there on time.

　　5. All the students are welcome to take part in ….

　　6. Our school is planning to hold… at…

　　7. Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently, and without warning at any time of the day or night.

　　8. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause many deaths and injuries and extensive property damage.

　　9. In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake, develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.

　　10. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.

　　11. ??…demanded sufficient supply of food, medicine, clothes and tents to the quake-hit areas and that telecommunication, power and water supplies and transportation access must be restored as soon as possible.

　　12. ?Local governments should keep a close watch on the latest development of the earthquake and its aftershocks, and guard against earthquake-induced disasters causing new casualties.

　　13. The disaster had caused more than … reported deaths by Tuesday evening in …alone.

　　14. He called on both officials and the masses in …to speed up efforts to fight the disaster and rescue themselves.

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　假如你校正在開展"秋季防火"安全教育活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的提示,為你校校報(bào)英文專欄寫一篇題為"A Forest Fire"的報(bào)道,并發(fā)表個(gè)人看法。(詞數(shù):120左右)

　　1. 時(shí)間:昨日深夜

　　2. 地點(diǎn):大山林場(chǎng)(Dashan Timber Land)

　　3. 起因:一個(gè)過(guò)路人亂丟煙頭(cigarette end)

　　4. 經(jīng)過(guò):消防隊(duì)員立即趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng),經(jīng)過(guò)5小時(shí)的奮戰(zhàn),終于控制住了火勢(shì)

　　5. 后果:1/3的森林被燒毀,一人死亡,兩名消防隊(duì)員受傷

　　請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給內(nèi)容寫一篇關(guān)于汶川地震的短文。標(biāo)題已經(jīng)給出。

　　Earthquake strikes Wenchuan!

　　［寫作內(nèi)容］

　　1．時(shí)間：2008年5月12日14時(shí)28分

　　2．震級(jí)：里氏8.0級(jí)measuring 8.0 degrees on the Richter scale

　　3．死傷人數(shù):近7萬(wàn)人死亡, 34萬(wàn)多人受傷

　　破壞程度：90％建筑物倒塌

　　4．現(xiàn)在情況：災(zāi)難并不能摧跨汶川人民的精神。汶川人民在人民解放軍的幫助下展開自救,相信汶川一定會(huì)重建好,成為現(xiàn)代化的美麗城市。

　　5．提醒人們不要忘記災(zāi)難和在危難時(shí)給災(zāi)區(qū)人民提供幫助,一方有難,八方支援是我們中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。

　　［寫作要求］

　　只能用五個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容；

　　內(nèi)容連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)完整

　　Many people prefer to travel by air. This is because air travel has some advantages. In the first place, airplane, the miracle created by man, is the fastest means of transport. Secondly, traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate. They look after passengers all the way to their destinations. Moreover, on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain themselves.

　　As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” The same is true of air travel. For one thing, air travel costs a great deal. The average Chinese are not rich enough to afford expensive air fares. So they prefer to take a train, which saves a lot of money. For another, although passengers are assured（保證）of their safety, they are still worried about it during the journey because flying always involves more or less risk.

　　寫作內(nèi)容

　　概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約30詞左右。

　　就“外出旅游采用乘飛機(jī)的方式好嗎”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法，至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右。

　　外出旅游的交通方式有多種；

　　人們對(duì)于乘飛機(jī)方式有不同的看法；

　　如果你去旅游你會(huì)采用何種交通方式？為什么？

　　你可以用實(shí)例或其它方法支持你的論點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不要抄襲閱讀材料。

　　An earthquake measuring 8.0 degrees on the Richter scale hit/struck Wenchuan at 2:28 on the afternoon of May 12th,2008,which killed

　　more than 79,000 people and caused over 340,000

　　injured at the same time and over 90% of the buildings were destroyed. However, the brave Wenchuanese will not be beaten down by the disaster. Now they are saving themselves with the help of the PLA. We strongly believe the city is to be built to be a modern beautiful city again.

　　A year has passed, but never should we forget the damage the earthquake caused to them and those who are still in terrible trouble, so we should try our best to help them out, for it is our fine tradition of our Chinese people.

　　2011年3月11日， 日本發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈地震，引發(fā)波海嘯。海嘯奪去了一萬(wàn)多人的生命，另有上百萬(wàn)人流離失所，亟待救援。世界各國(guó)紛紛捐款救災(zāi)，我國(guó)政府和人民也向受災(zāi)國(guó)家和人民伸出救助之手。假設(shè)你是班長(zhǎng)，在全班提出倡議，向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)人民捐款。用英語(yǔ)寫一篇口頭倡議，包括以下內(nèi)容:

　　1.受災(zāi)情況簡(jiǎn)介;

　　2.盡微薄之力，奉獻(xiàn)愛心;

　　3.捐款地點(diǎn)（學(xué)校門口捐款箱）。

　　注意：

　　1.詞數(shù)：100左右；

　　2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；　　　

　　近來(lái)，你校開展“獻(xiàn)愛心，送溫暖”活動(dòng)，號(hào)召?gòu)V大學(xué)生向貧困或受災(zāi)地區(qū)捐款捐物。請(qǐng)你參考下列表格要點(diǎn)提示，以“捐款還是捐物”為題寫一篇100-120字的英語(yǔ)短文?？蛇m當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容。短文開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

　　參考詞匯：生活必需品 daily necessities

　　關(guān)于捐款 關(guān)于捐物

　　贊成 1．捐款可以直接幫助人們購(gòu)買生活必需用品或用于重建家園等。 1．捐物可以舊物利用。

　　反對(duì) 2．中學(xué)生無(wú)生活來(lái)源，無(wú)錢捐獻(xiàn)。 2．捐物可能造成浪費(fèi)，因?yàn)橛行┤说玫降木栉锊⒎亲约核枰奈锲贰?/p>

　　We often give money to the people in poor or disaster-stricken areas．But some students___________

　　文評(píng)分原則We often give money to the people in poor or disaster-stricken areas．But some students don’t think it a good way to do so.

　　In their opinion, money can be used to buy daily necessities and can help people rebuild their hometowns, while sometimes the things people there receive are not what they need actually.

　　But some other students think that giving used clothing to the people in those areas is better．Many people, especially in rich areas and in cities, have much clothing they no longer like or need．By giving it away to the needy people，we can make the best use of it．Besides, we are just students, and we have no incomes of our own.

　　Anyhow, no matter which way is considered better, we should try our best to help those who need help

　　近來(lái)，長(zhǎng)江中學(xué)開展“獻(xiàn)愛心，‘送沮暖”活動(dòng)，號(hào)召?gòu)V大學(xué)生向貧困或受災(zāi)地區(qū)捐款捐物。請(qǐng)你參考下列表格要點(diǎn)提示，以“捐款還是捐物”為中心寫一篇120詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文；可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容。

　　關(guān)于捐款 關(guān)于捐物

　　捐款可以直接幫助人們購(gòu)買生活必需用品或用于重建家園等;

　　中學(xué)生無(wú)生活來(lái)源,無(wú)錢捐獻(xiàn). 捐物可以舊物利用;

　　捐物可能造成浪費(fèi),因?yàn)橛行┤说玫降木栉锊⒎亲约核枰奈锲?

　　參考詞匯：生活必需品daily necessities

　　One possible version:

　　We often give money to the people in poor or disaster-stricken areas. Some students don't think it a good way to help people there .However ,some prefer helping the unfortunate with money. In their opinion, money can be used to buy daily necessities and can help people rebuild their hometowns ,while sometimes the things people there receive are not what they need actually. But some other students think that giving used clothing to the people in those areas is better .Many people ,especially in rich areas and in cities ,have much clothing they no longer like or need. By giving it away to the needy people we can make the best use of it . Besides ,we are just students ,and we have no incomes of our own. Anyhow ,no matter which way is considered better ,we should try our best to help those who need help.