2024屆高考英語二輪復習沖刺練：4 閱讀+完形+短文改錯
第4練 閱讀＋完形＋短文改錯
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
體裁：演講稿 話題：成就夢想 詞數：320 時間7′
Mrs.Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr.High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement(畢業典禮) speech this year.The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.
The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academic achievements.While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service.“My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，” she said.“It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.”
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago.My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，” she said.“I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement.Unfortunately，schools like this don't exist for every kid，” she said.“You are blessed.”
The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become.“That's when you find out what you're really made of in those hard times，” she said.“But you can only do that if you're willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，“Oprah was demoted(降職) from her first job as a news reporter，and now she doesn't even need a last name，” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.“And then there's this guy Barack Obama.I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures.He lost his first race for Congress”，the first lady joked，“and now he gets to call himself my husband.”
【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇美國第一夫人米歇爾·奧巴馬致畢業生的演講稿，演講的主題是不要辜負自己的夢想。
1．When choosing her high school，Mrs.Obama ________．
A．was willing to meet challenges
B．was pushed to make a choice
C．failed to find an ideal school
D．wanted to study law
答案 A[細節理解題。根據第三段第二句中的“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me”可知，她樂于面對挑戰。故選A。]
2．By mentioning Oprah's example，Mrs.Obama wanted to tell graduates ________．
A．to start as a news reporter
B．to work hard to get promoted
C．to be brave enough to risk failing
D．not to waste time doing what they dislike
答案 C [推理判斷題。根據第四段第四句中的“Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people”可推知，她提到Oprah，是想告訴畢業生們要勇敢地面對失敗，失敗只是他們C。]
3．What do we know about Mrs.Obama from the text?
A．This was the first time she had given a speech to graduates.
B．She complained about her school life in her speech.
C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University.
D．She is enthusiastic about public service.
答案 D [細節理解題。根據第二段中的“she ended up focusing on public service”可知，D項正確；根據第一段可排除A、C兩項；根據第三段可排除B項，米歇爾只是感慨這樣的學校并非為每個孩子而存在，并不是抱怨她的高中生活。故選D。]
4．Where can you probably find this text?
A．In a politics book.
B．On a news website.
C．In a graduation paper.
D．On Mrs.Obama's blog.
答案 B [推理判斷題。本文是奧巴馬夫人致畢業生的演講稿，會成為一則熱點資訊，所以應出現在資訊網站上。故選B。]
B
體裁：說明文 話題：GPS的功能 詞數：365 時間：6′
Scientists know where earthquakes are likely to take place.But it is difficult for them to predict how strong an earthquake will be.Now，American researchers have found that it may be possible to predict the strength of future quakes.
The Earth's crust (地殼)—the outermost surface—is made up of large tectonic plates (地質板塊)．As many as 20 tectonic plates cover the Earth.They move slowly，sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.
Timothy H．Dixon is a geologist of the University of South Florida.He and other scientists are using the global positioning system，or GPS to measure what he calls “slow－slip” events.By that，he means slow－moving earthquakes that cannot be measured by other instruments.
“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami (海嘯) in 2004.So they can be the real killers.So what we think these slow－slip events are telling us is，they're letting off steam，so to speak，in areas of the fault.And if they let off enough steam，that part of the fault won't rupture．”
The more of the fault that ruptures，he says，the more powerful the earthquake is.
The scientists set up a number of GPS receivers 15 years ago in Costa Rica to measure the “slow－slip” events，which take place only every year or two.
People
always
want
to
know
when
an earthquake is going to happen.This technology cannot predict that.But Timothy Dixon says knowing how strong the quake might give officials time to improve building codes and make other preparations.
“You know the earthquake is more－or－less unavoidable.Even if you don't know exactly when it's going to happen，since you know it's going to happen，and you know how big it' s going to be，you can prepare accordingly.”
【語篇解讀】 通過一般的方法只能了解到可能會在哪些地方發生地震，如果用GPS則能預測地震的強度。
5．When will an earthquake happen according to the passage?
A．When “slow－slip” plates meet each other.
B．When a tectonic plate is under another.
C．When two tectonic plates move at the same speed.
D．When tectonic plates move very slowly.
答案 B [細節理解題。根據第二段“sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.”可知，當一塊地質板塊進入到另一塊的下面時，地震就發生了。]
6．According to Timothy Dixon，“slow－slip” events ________．
A．can
lead
to
large，sometimes
deadly earthquakes
B．take place at any time every year in Costa Rica
C．mean slow and weak earthquakes
D．can never be turned into earthquakes
答案 A [推理判斷題。根據第四段“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in 2004.So they can be the real killers.”可知，這種2011年日本大地震和2004年蘇門答臘地震和海嘯發生的原因，它們是真正的殺手。由此可推知，這種慢速的板塊運動有時會導致大的、致命的地震。]
7．The underlined word “rupture” probably means ________．
A．reduce
B．break
C．appear
D．advance
答案 B [詞義猜測題。根據第五段可知，當這樣rupture意為“破裂”。]
8．The passage mainly wants to tell the readers ________．
A．some knowledge about earthquakes
B．how to predict earthquakes
C．scientists are likely to predict the strength of future quakes
D．scientists can predict where earthquakes will happen with GPS
答案 C [主旨大意題。第一段即為主題段，根據本段最后一句并結合后面的內容可知，文章旨在告訴讀者，今后科學家能夠預測地震的強度。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·寶雞二檢)One evening after reading a story entitled “A Lady”，I began to recall an important moment in my life.It was simple but so precious that it has __9__ inside my mind for years.
It was a very cold winter evening when a friend of mine got seriously __10__ and was rushed to Westchester Medical Center，where she stayed unconscious for quite a while.Finally she was __11__．A friend and I decided to __12__ her，so we bought some flowers and were on our way.After quickly parking the car and signing in，we reached her __13__，but only a few minutes were __14__ with her.Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses.
We headed out to the car.__16__ did we know that we had to pay for parking.We had no money aside from a spare dollar or two __17__ from our lunch money that day.We had no idea what to do，so I __18__ to pay with whatever money we had，__19__ of course，I was way off.
A very sweet－hearted woman cleared her throat and said “Excuse me” in order to catch my __20__．She handed me a $ 20 bill.I __21__ that she should give me her __22__ and address and I will __23__ pay her back.She refused.I thanked her for her __24__ and told her how much it was appreciated.She turned to me and __25__ with one sentence，“Thank you；being able to help you makes me happy，too.”Her words were so unusual that I was very __26__ to hear that.
What she did might be considered a small act of __27__，but it is something I will never forget because it taught me that helping others could __28__ both the givers and the receivers.
【語篇解讀】 本文為一篇記敘文。作者無錢付停車費
9．A.struggled
B．remained
C．changed
D．recovered
答案 B [根據“so precious that”可知，它很珍貴，以至于留在作者心里多年。struggle“奮斗”；remain“留下”；change“改變”；recover“恢復”。根據語境，應選B項。]
10．A.injured
B．misunderstood
C．punished
D．scolded
答案 A [根據后文中的“where she stayed unconscious for quite a while”可知，作者的朋友傷(injured)得很重。misunderstand“誤解”；punish“懲罰”；scold“責罵”。]
11．A.mad
B．ill
C．awake
D．asleep
答案 C [根據前文中的“she stayed unconscious for quite a while”及下文作者和朋友決定去看她可知，此處表示她終于醒(awake)了。]
12．A.look
B．pity
C．find
D．visit
答案 D [根據后文中的“so we bought some flowers and were on our way”可知，作者和一個朋友決定去探望她。visit“拜訪，探望”，符合語境。]
13．A.room
B．home
C．school
D．office
答案 A [前文提到作者和一個朋友去探望那個受傷的朋友，后文提到護士要求他們離開，因此他們是去了她的病房。]
14．A.counted
B．saved
C．added
D．allowed
答案 D [根據后文中的“Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses”可知，作者和朋友只被允許和她在一起待幾分鐘。allow“允許”，符合語境。]
15．A.experience
B．arrival
C．disappearance
D．interview
答案 B [探視時間很短，所以作者和朋友到達病房后很快就被護士請了出來。experience“經歷，經驗”；arrival“到達”；disappearance“消失”；interview“采訪”。故選B項。]
16．A.Little
B．Actually
C．Clearly
D．Much
答案 A [根據“did we know”可知，此處使用了部分倒裝，選項中只有將表示否定意義的詞little放于句首才能構成倒裝，因此選擇A。]
17．A.earned
B．left
C．exchanged
D．borrowed
答案 B [根據前文可知，作者和朋友不知道要付停車費，后文提到他們不知道該怎么辦，所以他們除了吃午飯剩下的一兩美元外就沒錢了。leave“留下，剩下”，符合語境。]
18．A.attempted
B．pretended
C．afforded
D．continued
答案 A [根據前文中的“We had no idea what to do”及“so”的因果關系可知，此處表示作者試圖(attempted)用所有能拿出來的錢來支付。pretend“假裝”；afford“買得起”；continue“繼續”。]
19．A.because
B．and
C．although
D．or
答案 B [作者想B。]
20．A.smile
B．word
C．attention
D．impression
答案 C [根據前文中的“cleared her throat and said‘Excuse me’”可知，對方是想引起作者的注意。catch one's attention“吸引某人的注意力”。]
21．A.insisted
B．imagined
C．thought
D．believed
答案 A [根據語境可知，作者堅持讓對方留下聯系方式以便以后把錢還給她。insist“堅持”，符合語境。從句中使用了虛擬語氣。]
22．A.account
B．title
C．contract
D．name
答案 D [根據后文中的“and address and I will __23__ pay her back”可知，作者希望她把姓名(name)和地址留下以便于以后還錢。]
23．A.probably
B．certainly
C．publicly
D．honestly
答案 B [作者很感激對方，說將來一定(certainly)要把錢還給她。probably“可能”；publicly“公開地”；honestly“誠實地”。]
24．A.publicity
B．loyalty
C．generosity
D．creativity
答案 C [對方遞給了作者20美元，幫助作者付了停車費，因此作者感謝她的慷慨相助。publicity“公開，宣傳”；loyalty“忠誠”；generosity“慷慨”；creativity“創造，創造力”。故選C項。]
25．A.started
B．shouted
C．followed
D．replied
答案 D [此處指對方用一句話回答了作者。reply“回答，回應”。]
26．A.frightened
B．anxious
C．surprised
D．calm
答案 C [根據對方的話以及“so unusual”可知，作者感到吃驚。frightened“害怕的”；anxious“焦慮的”；surprised“吃驚的”；calm“平C項。]
27．A.respect
B．order
C．kindness
D．belief
答案 C [她的做法可能被認為是小的善舉，因此選擇C。respect“尊敬”；order“命令”；kindness“善良，善舉”；belief“信仰”。]
28．A.protect
B．attract
C．direct
D．benefit
答D [此處指幫助別人能使給予幫助和受到幫助的人都受益。protect“保護”；attract“吸引”；direct“指揮”；benefit“有益于”。故選D項。]
Ⅲ.短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
