2024屆高考英語一輪全冊復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)：必修5.1《Great scientists》（新人教版含解析）

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　　課時(shí)作業(yè)21　Unit 1　Great scientists

　　一、單元扣點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

　　Ⅰ.短語填空

　　1．A black car cut in ahead of me, forcing me to ________.

　　2．Without plenty of water, you will easily ________ thirst in the desert.

　　3．This essay is quite good ________ a couple of spelling mistakes.

　　4．There is no doubt that stress can ________ physical illness.

　　5．I don't think it ________ to focus only on providing basic services.

　　6．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the airline have promised to ________ the matter.

　　7．Andrew can be very badtempered ________ even though he is friendly in general.

　　8．A new approach to teaching languages was ________ at the meeting last week.

　　9．These colors will not last if they ________ the sun.

　　10．Scientists now ________ certain types of cancer ________ the amount of junk food that people eat.

　　答案　1.slow down　2.die of　3.apart from　4.lead to　5.makes sense　6.look into　7.at times　8.put forward　9.are exposed to　10.link; to

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．To prevent this from happening again, he suggested ______________________(所有的水源都要經(jīng)過檢測). (examine)

　　答案　the source of all the water supplies be examined

　　2．The water companies were instructed ______________________(不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水). (expose)

　　答案　not to expose people to polluted water any more

　　3．Yet Copernicus' theory is now ______________________ (我們的宇宙觀賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)). (basis)

　　答案　the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built

　　Ⅲ.模仿造句

　　1．It seemed that the water was to_blame.

　　[翻譯]我們不知道該怪誰。

　　答案　We don't know who is to blame.

　　2．A woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day.

　　[翻譯]我剛才請人把機(jī)器修好了。

　　答案　I had the machine mended just now.

　　3．Only_if you put the sun there did_the_movements_of_the_other_planets_in_the_sky_make_sense.

　　[翻譯]我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。

　　答案　Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.

　　4．They believed God had made the world and the earth must_be the centre of the solar system.

　　[翻譯]那不是解決問題的唯一辦法，肯定有另外的辦法。

　　答案　That can't be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.

　　5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going round it.

　　[翻譯]在亞洲的某些地方，你坐著時(shí)你的腳不能朝向別人。

　　答案　In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.

　　二、閱讀理解

　　(2024·四川卷)

　　Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.

　　And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure (肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.

　　As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew (燉菜). Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.

　　Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!

　　Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。沒有什么能阻止父親勞動(dòng)——他在鄉(xiāng)下買了一個(gè)小農(nóng)場，種植蔬菜水果，飼養(yǎng)蜜蜂，還每周打掃Old Man McColgin的雞窩，收集肥料。

　　1．Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgin's chicken house regularly?

　　A. To earn some money for the family.

　　B. To collect manure for his crops.

　　C. To get rid of the terrible smell.

　　D. To set a good example to us.

　　答案與解析　B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第二段中的“And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure (肥料)”可知，父親每周打掃Old Man McColgin的雞窩是為了收集肥料。

　　2．What can we infer about Dad's stew?

　　A. It is popular among the neighbors.

　　B. It contains honey and vegetables.

　　C. It looks very wonderful.

　　D. It tastes quite delicious.

　　答案與解析　D　考查推理判斷。由最后一段中的“It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup！”可知，Dad燉的菜很可口。

　　3．What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. To attract.

　　B. To upset.

　　C. To air.

　　D. To shut.

　　答案與解析　B　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞所在段中的信息“after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell”以及“I took a taste”可知，后來燉菜的氣味也不是很難聞。所以offend意為“令人不適”，這與B選項(xiàng)相符。

　　4．What can we learn about Dad from the text?

　　A. He is an experienced cook.

　　B. He is a troublesome father.

　　C. He has a positive attitude to life.

　　D. He suffers a lot from his disability.

　　答案與解析　C　考查推理判斷。從第一段中的“Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country...”以及下文父親燉菜的經(jīng)歷可知，父親的生活態(tài)度很樂觀。

　　三、完形填空

　　(2024·云南畢業(yè)生檢測)

　　I have two friends who love backpacking. They spent a lot of time in a part of New York State's Adirondack Mountains. It __1__6 mountains with a height of over 4,000 feet. The Adirondack Mountain Club gives __2__ recognition and an award to anyone who __3__ all 6 mountains. My two friends decided to go for this award.

　　Now what you have to understand is that __4__many of the 6 mountains have wellmarked__5__to their summits (山頂), others are not marked at all. You have to “bushwhack (在叢林中開路)” using a compass and a map.

　　My friends had climbed 5 of the mountains. They had just one __6__—it was the most __7__， requiring bushwhacking. A hiking path led past the base of the mountain, but from that point they were on their own.

　　Early one morning they left their__8__and walked five miles on the hiking path to the base of a chain of mountains. When they arrived, they __9__ that they had left their compass and map in the camp. Rather than __10__ the camp, they decided to bushwhack without the compass and map.

　　For hours they__11__uphill experiencing the enduring heat, thick bushes, and black flies. __12__， in the late afternoon they found themselves at the __13__ of a mountain successfully. They were exhausted but __14__.

　　The feeling was shortlived, however. When they looked across the valley, they __15__ another higher mountain. They had climbed the __16__ one! It was too __17__ that weekend to correct their error. They had to __18__another four months to climb the right mountain.

　　This story __19__us a good lesson. Often in life we put in a great effort to reach a goal. But without the right “map” and “compass”， it is __20__ to get “l(fā)ost”．

　　1．A. goes through

　　B. consists of

　　C. relies on

　　D. connects to

　　2．A. special

　　B. similar

　　C. normal

　　D. general

　　3．A. describes

　　B. draws

　　C. observes

　　D. climbs

　　4．A. while

　　B. since

　　C. because

　　D. unless

　　5．A. paths

　　B. rivers

　　C. views

　　D. avenues

　　6．A. occupied

　　B. left

　　C. deserted

　　D. missed

　　7．A. interesting

　　B. changeable

　　C. reachable

　　D. remote

　　8．A. house

　　B. room

　　C. camp

　　D. yard

　　9．A. ignored

　　B. discovered

　　C. sensed

　　D. explained

　　10．A. departing from

　　B. traveling to

　　C. returning to

　　D. going for

　　11．A. jumped

　　B. wandered

　　C. ran

　　D. walked

　　12．A. Immediately

　　B. Surely

　　C. Finally

　　D. Hopefully

　　13．A. bottom

　　B. top

　　C. slope

　　D. base

　　14．A. embarrassed

　　B. moved

　　C. disturbed

　　D. excited

　　15．A. admired

　　B. checked

　　C. saw

　　D. appreciated

　　16．A. strange

　　B. wrong

　　C. distant

　　D. steep

　　17．A. late

　　B. dangerous

　　C. puzzling

　　D. helpless

　　18．A. save

　　B. wait

　　C. gain

　　D. put

　　19．A. sends

　　B. tells

　　C. recommends

　　D. teaches

　　20．A. easy

　　B. hard

　　C. annoying

　　D. discouraging

　　答案與解析　

　　語篇解讀　作者通過講述朋友登山的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：人生中要想實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)，那就需要選擇好正確的方向。

　　1．B　它由6座高度超過4 000英尺的山脈組成(consists of)。go through “經(jīng)歷”；rely on“依靠”；connect to“連接”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　2．A　Adirondack Mountain Club給予特別的(special)認(rèn)可。similar“類似的”；normal“正常的”；general“普通的”。故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　3．D　攀登(climbs)完6座山。describe“描述”；draw“畫”；observe“觀察”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　4．A　現(xiàn)在你不得不去明白的是6座山中的許多山有做好標(biāo)記的小路通往山頂，而其他的山則一點(diǎn)兒標(biāo)記也沒有。while“(對比兩件事物)……而”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　5．A　參見上題解析。path“小路”；river“河”；view“風(fēng)景”；avenue“林蔭道”。故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　6．B　“我”的朋友已經(jīng)攀登了5座山，僅剩下(left)一座了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　7．D　那座山是最遙遠(yuǎn)的(remote)。interesting“有趣的”；changeable“易變的”；reachable“可及，可到達(dá)”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　8．C　他們一大清早就離開了營地(camp)。house“房屋”；room“房間”；yard“院子”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　9．B　當(dāng)他們到達(dá)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)(discovered)他們把指南針和地圖遺留在了營地。ignore“忽視”；sense“感覺到”；explain“解釋”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　10．C　他們決定在沒有指南針和地圖的情況下穿越叢林，而不是返回(returning to)營地。故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　11．D　數(shù)小時(shí)來，他們經(jīng)歷著持久的高溫、濃密的灌木叢和黑色的蒼蠅向山上走(walked)去。jump“跳”；run“跑”；wander“徘徊”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　12．C　最后(Finally)，在傍晚，他們成功地來到了山頂(top)。immediately“立即”；surely“必定”；hopefully“有希望地”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　13．B　參見上題解析。bottom“底部”；top“頂部”；slope“斜坡”；base“根基”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　14．D　他們感到筋疲力盡但很激動(dòng)(excited)。embarrassed“尷尬的”；moved“感動(dòng)的”；disturbed“心神不安的”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　15．C　當(dāng)他們眺望山谷時(shí)，他們看見(saw)另外一座更高的山。admire“欽佩”；check“檢查”；appreciate“欣賞”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　16．B　他們攀登上了錯(cuò)誤的(wrong)山。strange“陌生的”；distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的”；steep“陡峭的”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　17．A　那個(gè)周末太晚(late)了而不能糾正他們的錯(cuò)誤了。dangerous“有危險(xiǎn)的”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”；helpless“無助的”。故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　18．B　他們不得不再等待(wait)四個(gè)月去攀登正確的山。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　19．D　這個(gè)故事給了我們一個(gè)很好的教訓(xùn)。teach sb. a lesson表示“給某人一個(gè)教訓(xùn)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　20．A　但是如果沒有正確的“地圖”和“指南針”，很容易(easy)“迷失”。hard“艱難的”；annoying“使惱怒的”；discouraging“令人喪氣的”。故A項(xiàng)正確。