2024屆高考英語一輪復習單元演練：必修4 Module 4《Great Scientists》（第2課時）（外研版含答案）
第一部分 必修四 Module 4
Ⅰ.語法填空，單句訓練
1．(遼寧高考改編)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son______(graduate) from college.
答案：had graduated 考查時態。句意：杰克從英國到家時，他的兒子已經大學畢業了。by the time“到……的時候”，引導時間狀語從句時，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞要用過去完成時。
2．(上海高考改編)Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________(amuse) with her stories.
答案：amused 考查非謂語動詞。keep＋sb./sth.＋done，根據句意，sb.與它后面的動詞之間為被動關系，故用amused。
3．(2024·棗莊高三檢測改編)Mike often attempts to escape ________(fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
答案：being fined 句意：每當邁克違反交通規則時，他都會竭力逃脫被罰款。escape doing sth.“避免做某事”，Mike與fine之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故用escape being done。
4．(2024·濟南外國語學校高三檢測改編)It's impossible for all the people to get the job because ________ of them are not fit for it.
答案：all not與all連用為部分否定，表示“并非所有的……都……”。
5．(2024·天津一中高三月考改編)Barack Obama, who came into ________ power on January 20, 2009, was awarded ________ 2009 Nobel Peace Prize.
答案：/; the come into power為固定短語，意為“上臺執政，掌權”；“2009年的諾貝爾和平獎”是特指，所以第二個空應用定冠詞。
6．(2024·沈陽高三模擬改編)In the country, many students at school were ________(diagnose) with H1N1 flu, but after being treated, they all recovered.
答案：diagnosed 句意：在那個國家，許多在校學生被診斷出患有甲型H1N1流感，但經過治療，他們都痊愈了。diagnose“診斷”，符合句意。
7．(2024·黃岡一中高三月考改編)Suzhou, which is the place I want to visit this summer, is known ________ its beautiful gardens.
答案：for 考查介詞搭配。be known for...“因……而聞名”，符合句意。
8．—Why are you so upset?
—I thought my ideas were good but nobody ________ me in the meeting.
答案：supported 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：——“你為什么如此不高興？”——“我覺得我的主意很好，可是在會議上沒有人支持我。”support“支持”，符合句意。
9．Oil prices have risen by 10 percent since the start of the year, ________(reach) a record US $100 a barrel.
答案：reaching 考查非謂語動詞。句意：自今年開始，油價已上漲了10%，達到每桶100美元的紀錄。由前面的一句話表述的內容可知后面為結果，reaching為現在分詞作結果狀語。
10．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key __________solving the problem is to meet the demands ________(make) by the customers.
答案：to；make 考查非謂語動詞。句意：——“你們是如何處理公司與客戶間的分歧的？”——“解決問題的關鍵是滿足顧客的要求。”the key to中的to為介詞，其后接動名詞；made by the customers為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
Ⅱ.語法填空，篇章訓練
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Sandy：Hello, James. Haven't seen you for __1__ weeks.
James：Oh, hey, Sandy. I have been studying a lot for my final exam.
Sandy：Well, the term is almost over now .What are your plans?
James：Well, my pen friend __2__(come) for a visit this summer , and we'd like to go around the country. But __3__(travel) is expensive.
Sandy：Have you thought about camping?
James：Camping? I have never done __4__.
Sandy：I think you __5__ really like it. It's much __6__(cheap) than staying at a hotel. And being close to nature is a good way to forget about school life for __7__ while.
James：What a good idea! We can find a nice place and just camp __8__ we like.
Sandy：Well, not exactly. You're only __9__(allow) to camp in certain places.__10__ there are many national parks ，state parks and even village campgrounds around the country.
James：Sounds great!
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.several 2.is coming/will come 3.travel(l)-ing 4.that 5.will 6.cheaper 7.a 8.where 9.allowed 10.But
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap_meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.
Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.
The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海灘搜尋) because winds and currents join here, and as a result，there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.
As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.
語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了海洋專家Curtis Ebbesmeyer以一種特殊的方式來研究洋流的經過以及他為此付出的努力和取得的成果。
1．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．fitting rooms B．trading fairs
C．business talks D．group meetings
答案：B 詞義猜測題。根據下文的“...try and match left and right shoes to sell and wear.”可知，人們在努力找出可以配成一雙的鞋用來出售和穿，由此推斷人們應該是建了一個交易市場，故選B項。
2．Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ________.
A．what caused the shipping accident
B．when and where the shoes went missing
C．whether it was all right to use their shoes
D．how much they lost in the shipping accident
答案：C 細節理解題。根據文章第二段的內容可知，Ebbesmeyer打電話的目的是想知道鞋業公司是否還要那些鞋，所以選項C符合題意。
3．How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?
A．By collecting information from beachcombers.
B．By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.
C．By searching the web for ocean currents models.
D．By researching ocean currents data in the library.
答案：A 細節理解題。根據文章第三段的“...a group of serious beachcombers... Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.”可知，Ebbesmeyer是通過研究從海灘搜尋人員那里收集到的信息來證實他的設想的。
4．Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ________.
A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world
B．making records for any lost objects on the sea
C．running a global currents research association
D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea
答案：D 細節理解題。根據文章最后一段的“...become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean... They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.”可知，選項D正確。
5．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution.
B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.
C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.
D．To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.
答案：C 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段是文章主題所在，主要講述科學家和人們通過不同的手段來研究洋流，但海洋專家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通過一種與眾不同的方式來進行，所以選C項。
B
Back in the old days, there were three wise men in ancient Greece. These three wise men were from three different generations. Socrates was the oldest of the three. He passed his knowledge to his student, Plato, who then passed it on to Aristotle. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were all great philosophers (哲學家). Together, their schools of thought have since become the foundation of Western philosophy.
Aristotle was born in 384 B. C. His father, Nicomachus, was a doctor to the king of Macedonia. As the son of a doctor, Aristotle was no stranger to science. Growing up, he learned quite a lot about medicine and biology from his father. Later, after Nicomachus passed away, he was sent to study in Plato's Academy in Athens. Aristotle was about eighteen years old then.
Plato's Academy was Europe's first university. It offered courses on various subjects. Shortly after Aristotle began his study there, he devoted himself to learning everything on the curriculum. He soon proved himself an excellent student. Because of his wide range of interests, Aristode never limited his range of education. As a result, he became the leading expert in many fields. Philosophy was simply one of them. Aristotle was in the Academy for nearly 20 years. He first joined as a student and then stayed on as a teacher. By the time that Plato died around 347 B. C．， Aristotle had already built up a very good name for himself. However, he did not get the job as the head of the Academy. That post went to Plato's nephew. Some people believed that Aristotle felt angry at the choice. But there is no proof to that theory. Regardless of what he had truly felt, Aristotle decided to leave Athens. So in 347 B. C．， he quit the Academy and went to work for Hermeias, ruler of Atarneus, in Asia Minor (today's Turkey). Aristotle was not alone in this time. He and another Academy member, Xenocrates, who was also a famous philosopher, founded the Assus Academy. They taught there for several years. During his stay in Atarneus, Aristotle was on very good terms with Hermeias. He even married the man's niece, Pythias. Interestingly, when Aristotle later wrote his famous book, Politics, he said that the ideal ages for marriage was 37 for the husband and 18 for the wife. Given that Aristotle was 37 years old at the time, it is very likely that Pythias was 18.
語篇解讀：本文介紹了古希臘著名哲學家亞里士多德的生平。
6．Which of the following is NOT a philosopher?
A．Socrates. B．Xenocrates.
C．Plato. D．Nicomaehus.
答案：D 細節理解題。文章第二段第二句提到Nicomachus是一名醫生，根據第一段第五句和最后一段倒數第六句可知，其他三人都是哲學家，故選D。
7．What's the right order of the following events?
a．Socrates passed his knowledge to his student, Plato.
b．Aristotle was sent to Plato's Academy.
c．Aristotle wrote his famous book, Politics.
d．Aristotle learned about medicine and biology from his father.
e．Plato died.
A．a，c，b，d，e
B．a，d，b，e，c
C．d，a，c，b，e D．h，a，e，c，d
答案：B 事件排序題。根據文章所述事情的時間順序可知B項正確。
8．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Aristotle felt very angry that he was not chosen as the head of the Academy.
B．Plato's Academy was the first university in the world.
C．Aristotle ended up with a happy marriage.
D．Aristotle never left his homeland all his life.
答案：C 細節理解題。根據文章最后三句可知亞里士多德有著幸福美滿的婚姻。A項只是一種說法，并未得到證實；B項的“the world”應改為“Europe”；由亞里士多德離開Athens去了Aisa Minor可知D項錯誤。
9．According to the passage we can know in Plato's Academy ______.
A．students were provided with only a few subjects at that time
B．Aristotle worked hard but he was still not famous
C．Aristotle didn't have a very good time for 20 years
D．Aristotle was not only a student but also became a teacher
答案：D 綜合判斷題。根據文章第三段第二句可知A項錯誤；根據文章第三段第六句可知B項錯誤；C項文中沒有信息支持；根據文章第三段第八句中的“He first joined as a student and then stayed on as a teacher.”可知D項正確。
10．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．some information about Aristotle
B．three wise men in ancient Greece
C．the foundation of Western philosophy
D．Europe's first university
答案：A 主旨大意題。文章主要是介紹亞里士多德的一些情況，因此答案是A項。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Some students think a difficult exam is just like a challenge but that the more difficult it is, better it will be.They say a difficult exam can help students in find out where they are weak in their studies and improve our learning methods.However, others were against a difficult exam.In their opinion, if it is very difficult, they may be discouraging and feel terribly about their studies.I prefer an exam either too difficult nor too easy.A very easy exam makes it difficult for teacher to learn how we are getting on to our studies, while too difficult an exam makes us lose heart.
答案：
Some students think a difficult exam is just like a challenge
that the more difficult it is, better it will be.They say a difficult exam can help students
find out where they are weak in their studies and improve
learning methods.However, others
against a difficult exam.In their opinion, if it is very difficult, they may be
and feel
about their studies.I prefer an exam
too difficult nor too easy.A very easy exam makes it difficult for
to learn how we are getting on
