2024屆高考英語一輪復習《全優課堂》核心語法項項破課件：專題2 代詞、介詞和介詞短語（新人教版）

　　at ease　安心自在； 不拘束 at work　在工作 at risk　有危險； 冒險

　　2．by hand　用手工 by mistake　錯誤地 by nature　天生地；天然地 by chance/accident　偶然 by design　故意地 by contrast　相比之下；與之相比 3．from beginning to end　從頭到尾 from time to time　不時地 free of charge　免費 4．in brief　簡言之 in detail　詳細地；具體地 in general　一般說來 in turn　輪流；依次 in advance　事先；提前 in vain　白費；徒勞 in order　整齊 in danger　處于危險中 in trouble　處于困境(苦惱)中 in charge of　主管；掌管；照管 in favour of　贊成；支持；有利于 in harmony with　與……協調；與……一致 in honor of　為向……表示敬意；為慶祝……；為紀念…… in memory of　紀念…… in need/want of　需要 in search of　尋找；尋求 in spite of　盡管；不顧；雖然 in terms of　在……方面 in the form of　以……形式 in the hope of　懷著……的希望 in view　在視野范圍內；在考慮中的 in view of　鑒于；考慮到；由于 in return　作為回報 in all　總共 in short　簡言之 in place　在適當的位置；適當 in effect　生效；起作用 in exchange for　交流；交換 in response to　響應；回答；對……有反應 in harmony with　與……協調 in the direction of…　朝……的方向 5．on duty　值日 on fire　著火；失火 on holiday　在度假；在休假 on sale　出售；減價 on show/display　展覽；展出；陳列 on strike　在罷工 on the contrary　(與此)相反； 正相反 out of sight　看不到 out of danger　脫離危險 out of trouble　擺脫困難 out of order　出故障 out of control　不受控制 out of breath　氣喘吁吁 out of condition　身體不佳 out of date　過時 out of one's reach　某人夠不著 out of work　失業；沒有工作 one after another　相繼；順次 owing to　由于 6．regardless of　不管；不顧 to the point　中肯；扼要；切中要害 thanks to　幸虧；由于

　　up to date　現代的；時新的；據目前所知的 upon/on one's arrival　一到達就…… with the help of　在……幫助之下 用上面適當的介詞短語填空 1．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ________________(高出平均值)．(2024重慶) 2．Most people work because it's unavoidable.________(相比之下), there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2024浙江) 3．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ______________ (與……協調)nature.(2024福建) 4．This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ___________(提前) that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2024湖北)

　　5．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ____________(作為報答)．(2024浙江) 【答案】1.above the average　2.By contrast　3.in harmony with　4.in advance　5.in return 專題二　代詞、介詞和介詞短語 一、 both，all，either，any，neither，none 代詞 分類 都 任何(一者) 都不 兩者 both either neither 三者或三 者以上 all any none 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1. Niki is always full of ideas, but __________ is useful to my knowledge.(2024四川) 2．It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.(2024課標Ⅱ)

　　3．I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________of them very much.(2024山東) 【答案】1.none　2.both　3.either 二、 everything, something, anything, nothing

　　everything something anything nothing 強調“每件事，一切” 強調“某件事，某物”，也可指“重要的事物” 強調“無論什么，任何東西”。anything but“根本不” 意為“沒有東西，沒有一點”。nothing but“只是，只有” 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1．A smile costs ________， but gives much.(2024重慶) 2．There's never _________ worth watching on TV. 3．Is there ______I can do for you now, sir? 【答案】1.nothing　2.anything　3.something 三、 替代詞的用法 代詞 替代對象 one a/an＋單數名詞，同類不同一 ones 零冠詞＋復數名詞，同類不同一 the one the＋單數名詞，同類不同一 the ones

　　the＋復數名詞，同類不同一 that the＋單數名詞或不可數名詞(尤其是有后置定語時) those the＋復數名詞(尤其是有后置定語時) 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1．The quality of education in this small school is better than __________ in some larger schools.(2024天津) 2．Half of ________surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.(2024浙江) 3．—What about the tea drink? —Thank you.No pleasure equals________ of a hot drink on such a cold day. 4．We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose_______ based on your own interests. 5．We used to mistake that heavy objects fall faster than light__________. 【答案】1.that　2.those　3.that　4.one　5.ones

　　四、 another, the other, other, others, the others other 不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義 the other the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的……” another 可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數可數名詞。另外another后可接“基數詞/few＋復數名詞”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)” others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現 the others 意為“剩下的其他人(物)” 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in________， knives and forks.(2024福建) 2．Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is________.(2024重慶)

　　3．Neither side is prepared to talk to________ unless we can smooth things over between them. 【答案】1.others　2.another　3.the other 五、 it的用法 1．指代時間、距離、自然現象等。 2．指代前面所提到過的事情、事物、群體、想法，性別不明或性別被認為不重要的人或動物，也可指代未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。 3．作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定式、動詞-ing形式、名詞性從句。 4．表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞，后面接it，構成固定結構，這類動詞有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 5．it的常用短語或句型： 6．用在一些固定句型中： (1)It＋is＋時間段＋since＋過去時　“自從……以來多久了” (2)It was＋時間段＋before＋過去時　“多久之后才……” (3)It will be＋時間段＋before＋一般現在時　“多久之后才……” (4)It won't be long before…　“不久就……” (5)強調句型It＋is＋被強調部分＋that… 用適當的代詞填空 1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _______ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2024重慶) 2．—Who's that at the door?

　　—__________ is the milkman.(2024大綱卷) 3．Susan made__________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2024山東) 4．I'd appreciate _________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.(2024陜西) 5．Why don't you bring ________to his attention that you're too ill to work on? 【答案】1.that　2.It　3.it　4.it　5.it 一、常用介詞 介詞和介詞短語 介詞 ?？加梅?beyond 可表示“范圍，限度”，意為“超出，為……所不及” within 可表示范圍、程度，意為“在……之內” for 就……而言；從……來看；達；計；為…… against 違背；反對；對……不利；倚；靠；預防；襯托 on/upon 剛……就；一……就，后接名詞或動詞-ing形式 用上面表格中適當的介詞填空 1．—How much did he charge you _______ the service? —Luckily, it's nothing. 2．His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was _________ his wildest dreams. 3．My mother is ________ my suggestion while my father is in favour of it. 4．Don't leave the medicine _________the children's reach.It's dangerous. 5．__________hearing the good news, I couldn't help jumping up. 【答案】1.for　2.beyond　3.against　4.within　5.On

　　二、 表示時間的常用介詞 介詞 用法 on 用在具體的某一天、星期幾及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等時間名詞前 since 常表示某動作或狀態自某時開始，一直持續到說話時刻 within 指“在……之內”，強調事情發生的全過程不超過某一段時間 介詞 用法 in 后接時間段表示“在何時”或將來“一段時間之內”，與將來時態連用 until 后接時間名詞，意為“直到……為止”(在肯定句中)；“直到……才”(在否定句中) 介詞 用法 易錯點津 in the past意為“在過去”，常與過去時態連用 “in the past/last＋一段時間”意為“在過去的……中/內”，表示從現在算起過去的一段時間，包括此時此刻在內，常與現在完成時態連用 有些時間名詞前不加介詞 用上面表格中適當的介詞填空 1．A big fire broke out________ the evening of May the first. 2．He's been working in a bank __________ leaving school. 3．We're playing in New Zealand, Australia and Japan ________ November.

　　4．The party will be held _________ a week's time. 5．He didn't go to bed ______his father came back from the office. 【答案】1.on　2.since　3.in　4.in　5.until 三、with/by 介詞 用法 with 表示兩種事物之間的相應關系或齊頭并進的意思 表示“帶有、帶來、帶走、攜帶”等表伴隨的意思 后接復合賓語可作方式狀語 表示原因或理由 介詞 用法 by 表示人體或物體的某一部分 含有“到……的程度”的意思 表示買賣東西計算的數量或付酬計算的時間 用上面表格中適當的介詞填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma _________the arm and walked her across the street.(2024陜西) 2．The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.(2024陜西)

　　3．_________ the new methods, they were able to get production up ________ twenty percent. 4．_________a lot of work to cope with, I will have no time to accompany him. 【答案】1.by　2.with　3.With; by　4.With　 四、常用介詞短語 1．above (the) average　在一般水平以上；在平均數以上

　　according to　根據……所說；按照 as a matter of fact　事實上；其實 as a result　因此；結果 after all　畢竟； 終究 all in all　總的來說； 總計 around the corner　即將來臨；在拐角處

　　at ease　安心自在； 不拘束 at work　在工作 at risk　有危險； 冒險

　　2．by hand　用手工 by mistake　錯誤地 by nature　天生地；天然地 by chance/accident　偶然 by design　故意地 by contrast　相比之下；與之相比 3．from beginning to end　從頭到尾 from time to time　不時地 free of charge　免費 4．in brief　簡言之 in detail　詳細地；具體地 in general　一般說來 in turn　輪流；依次 in advance　事先；提前 in vain　白費；徒勞 in order　整齊 in danger　處于危險中 in trouble　處于困境(苦惱)中 in charge of　主管；掌管；照管 in favour of　贊成；支持；有利于 in harmony with　與……協調；與……一致 in honor of　為向……表示敬意；為慶祝……；為紀念…… in memory of　紀念…… in need/want of　需要 in search of　尋找；尋求 in spite of　盡管；不顧；雖然 in terms of　在……方面 in the form of　以……形式 in the hope of　懷著……的希望 in view　在視野范圍內；在考慮中的 in view of　鑒于；考慮到；由于 in return　作為回報 in all　總共 in short　簡言之 in place　在適當的位置；適當 in effect　生效；起作用 in exchange for　交流；交換 in response to　響應；回答；對……有反應 in harmony with　與……協調 in the direction of…　朝……的方向 5．on duty　值日 on fire　著火；失火 on holiday　在度假；在休假 on sale　出售；減價 on show/display　展覽；展出；陳列 on strike　在罷工 on the contrary　(與此)相反； 正相反 out of sight　看不到 out of danger　脫離危險 out of trouble　擺脫困難 out of order　出故障 out of control　不受控制 out of breath　氣喘吁吁 out of condition　身體不佳 out of date　過時 out of one's reach　某人夠不著 out of work　失業；沒有工作 one after another　相繼；順次 owing to　由于 6．regardless of　不管；不顧 to the point　中肯；扼要；切中要害 thanks to　幸虧；由于

　　up to date　現代的；時新的；據目前所知的 upon/on one's arrival　一到達就…… with the help of　在……幫助之下 用上面適當的介詞短語填空 1．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ________________(高出平均值)．(2024重慶) 2．Most people work because it's unavoidable.________(相比之下), there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2024浙江) 3．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ______________ (與……協調)nature.(2024福建) 4．This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ___________(提前) that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2024湖北)

　　5．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ____________(作為報答)．(2024浙江) 【答案】1.above the average　2.By contrast　3.in harmony with　4.in advance　5.in return 專題二　代詞、介詞和介詞短語 一、 both，all，either，any，neither，none 代詞 分類 都 任何(一者) 都不 兩者 both either neither 三者或三 者以上 all any none 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1. Niki is always full of ideas, but __________ is useful to my knowledge.(2024四川) 2．It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.(2024課標Ⅱ)

　　3．I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________of them very much.(2024山東) 【答案】1.none　2.both　3.either 二、 everything, something, anything, nothing

　　everything something anything nothing 強調“每件事，一切” 強調“某件事，某物”，也可指“重要的事物” 強調“無論什么，任何東西”。anything but“根本不” 意為“沒有東西，沒有一點”。nothing but“只是，只有” 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1．A smile costs ________， but gives much.(2024重慶) 2．There's never _________ worth watching on TV. 3．Is there ______I can do for you now, sir? 【答案】1.nothing　2.anything　3.something 三、 替代詞的用法 代詞 替代對象 one a/an＋單數名詞，同類不同一 ones 零冠詞＋復數名詞，同類不同一 the one the＋單數名詞，同類不同一 the ones

　　the＋復數名詞，同類不同一 that the＋單數名詞或不可數名詞(尤其是有后置定語時) those the＋復數名詞(尤其是有后置定語時) 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1．The quality of education in this small school is better than __________ in some larger schools.(2024天津) 2．Half of ________surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.(2024浙江) 3．—What about the tea drink? —Thank you.No pleasure equals________ of a hot drink on such a cold day. 4．We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose_______ based on your own interests. 5．We used to mistake that heavy objects fall faster than light__________. 【答案】1.that　2.those　3.that　4.one　5.ones

　　四、 another, the other, other, others, the others other 不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義 the other the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的……” another 可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數可數名詞。另外another后可接“基數詞/few＋復數名詞”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)” others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現 the others 意為“剩下的其他人(物)” 用上面表格中的適當代詞填空 1．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in________， knives and forks.(2024福建) 2．Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is________.(2024重慶)

　　3．Neither side is prepared to talk to________ unless we can smooth things over between them. 【答案】1.others　2.another　3.the other 五、 it的用法 1．指代時間、距離、自然現象等。 2．指代前面所提到過的事情、事物、群體、想法，性別不明或性別被認為不重要的人或動物，也可指代未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。 3．作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定式、動詞-ing形式、名詞性從句。 4．表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞，后面接it，構成固定結構，這類動詞有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 5．it的常用短語或句型： 6．用在一些固定句型中： (1)It＋is＋時間段＋since＋過去時　“自從……以來多久了” (2)It was＋時間段＋before＋過去時　“多久之后才……” (3)It will be＋時間段＋before＋一般現在時　“多久之后才……” (4)It won't be long before…　“不久就……” (5)強調句型It＋is＋被強調部分＋that… 用適當的代詞填空 1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _______ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2024重慶) 2．—Who's that at the door?

　　—__________ is the milkman.(2024大綱卷) 3．Susan made__________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2024山東) 4．I'd appreciate _________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.(2024陜西) 5．Why don't you bring ________to his attention that you're too ill to work on? 【答案】1.that　2.It　3.it　4.it　5.it 一、常用介詞 介詞和介詞短語 介詞 常考用法 beyond 可表示“范圍，限度”，意為“超出，為……所不及” within 可表示范圍、程度，意為“在……之內” for 就……而言；從……來看；達；計；為…… against 違背；反對；對……不利；倚；靠；預防；襯托 on/upon 剛……就；一……就，后接名詞或動詞-ing形式 用上面表格中適當的介詞填空 1．—How much did he charge you _______ the service? —Luckily, it's nothing. 2．His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was _________ his wildest dreams. 3．My mother is ________ my suggestion while my father is in favour of it. 4．Don't leave the medicine _________the children's reach.It's dangerous. 5．__________hearing the good news, I couldn't help jumping up. 【答案】1.for　2.beyond　3.against　4.within　5.On

　　二、 表示時間的常用介詞 介詞 用法 on 用在具體的某一天、星期幾及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等時間名詞前 since 常表示某動作或狀態自某時開始，一直持續到說話時刻 within 指“在……之內”，強調事情發生的全過程不超過某一段時間 介詞 用法 in 后接時間段表示“在何時”或將來“一段時間之內”，與將來時態連用 until 后接時間名詞，意為“直到……為止”(在肯定句中)；“直到……才”(在否定句中) 介詞 用法 易錯點津 in the past意為“在過去”，常與過去時態連用 “in the past/last＋一段時間”意為“在過去的……中/內”，表示從現在算起過去的一段時間，包括此時此刻在內，常與現在完成時態連用 有些時間名詞前不加介詞 用上面表格中適當的介詞填空 1．A big fire broke out________ the evening of May the first. 2．He's been working in a bank __________ leaving school. 3．We're playing in New Zealand, Australia and Japan ________ November.

　　4．The party will be held _________ a week's time. 5．He didn't go to bed ______his father came back from the office. 【答案】1.on　2.since　3.in　4.in　5.until 三、with/by 介詞 用法 with 表示兩種事物之間的相應關系或齊頭并進的意思 表示“帶有、帶來、帶走、攜帶”等表伴隨的意思 后接復合賓語可作方式狀語 表示原因或理由 介詞 用法 by 表示人體或物體的某一部分 含有“到……的程度”的意思 表示買賣東西計算的數量或付酬計算的時間 用上面表格中適當的介詞填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma _________the arm and walked her across the street.(2024陜西) 2．The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.(2024陜西)

　　3．_________ the new methods, they were able to get production up ________ twenty percent. 4．_________a lot of work to cope with, I will have no time to accompany him. 【答案】1.by　2.with　3.With; by　4.With　 四、常用介詞短語 1．above (the) average　在一般水平以上；在平均數以上

　　according to　根據……所說；按照 as a matter of fact　事實上；其實 as a result　因此；結果 after all　畢竟； 終究 all in all　總的來說； 總計 around the corner　即將來臨；在拐角處