2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)北師大版課件：選修七 專題講座

　　閱讀理解之推理判斷題

　　在閱讀中，如果文章作者運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言比較直率，表達(dá)比較直截了當(dāng)，那么即便我們僅僅理解其字面意思，也不會(huì)影響我們的理解。然而，大多數(shù)情況下，我們所讀的文章比較含蓄，作者經(jīng)常把需要我們理解的意思不直接表達(dá)出來(lái)，而期待我們?nèi)ヮI(lǐng)悟文章的內(nèi)在含義。這種情況下，如果我們只理解語(yǔ)言的字面意思，就會(huì)妨礙我們對(duì)文章真正內(nèi)涵的理解。我們只有通過(guò)作者所提供的信息，進(jìn)行推理、作出結(jié)論，才能達(dá)到真正理解文章的目的。在推理時(shí)，我們必須： 1．理解文章的字面意義； 2．注意作者遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)，弄清詞的含蓄意義； 3．時(shí)刻提醒自己，作者想讓我們推斷什么； 4．利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理，挖掘作者在 文章中的隱含意義。 推理判斷題的命題方式一般有： We can infer from the passage that ________. The story suggests that ________. The writer of this passage intends to ________. The writer's purpose of writing the passage is to ________. The passage is probably taken from ________. The writer of the passage considers it ________. Which of the following best describes the character of something?

　　推理判斷是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)，但它并非無(wú)章可循。關(guān)鍵是要對(duì)文章已給的信息進(jìn)行合理的分析判斷，做到“有理有據(jù)”。考生應(yīng)主要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示 和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 2．要對(duì)文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺 入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判斷，進(jìn)行符合邏輯地推理。 3．要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立 足已知，推斷未知。不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。 4．要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(2011·福建高考，A篇)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant (抑制藥), damaging eyesight, judgement and

　　co-ordination (協(xié)調(diào)), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.

　　Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.

　　The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:

　　●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood; or ●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml of breath; or ●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of urine (尿液)．

　　Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.

　　Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $ 25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points; or temporarily banned from driving.

　　The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens (樣本) for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.

　　Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：酒后駕車(chē)是一種危險(xiǎn)的行為，會(huì)對(duì)他人、對(duì)自己造成巨大的威脅，所以酒后駕車(chē)會(huì)受到處罰。因此司機(jī)應(yīng)該對(duì)自己、對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé)，切勿酒后駕車(chē)。 56．The first paragraph is mainly about______. A．the introduction of driving skills B．the damage of drinking to your body C．the effect of drinking on driving D．the process of alcohol being absorbed 提示：主旨大意題。利用要訣6演繹推理法和歸納推理法。 解析：第一段主要介紹了喝酒對(duì)于司機(jī)開(kāi)車(chē)方面的影響：視力，判斷力和協(xié)調(diào)能力下降；反應(yīng)時(shí)間變慢；增加了發(fā)生事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案： C 57．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph

　　refers to “______”． A．a(chǎn)lcohol　B．a(chǎn)bsorption C．blood

　　D．process 提示：詞義猜測(cè)題。利用要訣8上下文暗示法。 解析：it通常指上文提到的名詞或事情，上文主要講述“除掉身體里的酒精是一個(gè)非常緩慢的過(guò)程”，由此推出本句的it指代前面的process。 答案：D 58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the

　　passage?

　　() A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect

　　on driving. B．Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk

　　with

　　fruit juice. C．Having a cup of tea helps to

　　get rid of alcohol from

　　the body. D．50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below

　　the drink driving limit. 提示：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣2題干定位法。 解析：由第一段最后一句可知，即使酒精含量低于酒后駕車(chē)的限制，開(kāi)車(chē)也會(huì)受到影響，由此排除A項(xiàng)；由第二段最后一句可知，像洗澡或喝茶或咖啡等措施都不能使這個(gè)過(guò)程加快，由此排除C項(xiàng)；由第三段第一句可以排除D項(xiàng)；由第二段第二句可知，酒與果汁混到一起喝時(shí)身體對(duì)酒精的吸收會(huì)加快。故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 59．A driver suspected of drink driving ______. A．should provide specimens for testing B．will be forbidden to drive for 3 years C．will be punished

　　for 10 driving-offence points D．should pay a maximum fine of HK $ 25,000 提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣4背景常識(shí)法。 解析：根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，被懷疑酒后駕駛的司機(jī)要提供樣本檢測(cè)。由倒數(shù)第二段可知，不提供樣本檢測(cè)的司機(jī)也要受到同樣的懲罰。由此可推出，被懷疑喝酒的司機(jī)應(yīng)該提供樣本供檢測(cè)。B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)敘述的對(duì)司機(jī)的處罰措施，必須在確定司機(jī)喝酒之后才能實(shí)施。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A * *

　　閱讀理解之推理判斷題

　　在閱讀中，如果文章作者運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言比較直率，表達(dá)比較直截了當(dāng)，那么即便我們僅僅理解其字面意思，也不會(huì)影響我們的理解。然而，大多數(shù)情況下，我們所讀的文章比較含蓄，作者經(jīng)常把需要我們理解的意思不直接表達(dá)出來(lái)，而期待我們?nèi)ヮI(lǐng)悟文章的內(nèi)在含義。這種情況下，如果我們只理解語(yǔ)言的字面意思，就會(huì)妨礙我們對(duì)文章真正內(nèi)涵的理解。我們只有通過(guò)作者所提供的信息，進(jìn)行推理、作出結(jié)論，才能達(dá)到真正理解文章的目的。在推理時(shí)，我們必須： 1．理解文章的字面意義； 2．注意作者遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)，弄清詞的含蓄意義； 3．時(shí)刻提醒自己，作者想讓我們推斷什么； 4．利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理，挖掘作者在 文章中的隱含意義。 推理判斷題的命題方式一般有： We can infer from the passage that ________. The story suggests that ________. The writer of this passage intends to ________. The writer's purpose of writing the passage is to ________. The passage is probably taken from ________. The writer of the passage considers it ________. Which of the following best describes the character of something?

　　推理判斷是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)，但它并非無(wú)章可循。關(guān)鍵是要對(duì)文章已給的信息進(jìn)行合理的分析判斷，做到“有理有據(jù)”。考生應(yīng)主要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示 和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 2．要對(duì)文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺 入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判斷，進(jìn)行符合邏輯地推理。 3．要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立 足已知，推斷未知。不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。 4．要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(2011·福建高考，A篇)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant (抑制藥), damaging eyesight, judgement and

　　co-ordination (協(xié)調(diào)), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.

　　Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.

　　The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:

　　●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood; or ●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml of breath; or ●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of urine (尿液)．

　　Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.

　　Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $ 25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points; or temporarily banned from driving.

　　The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens (樣本) for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.

　　Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：酒后駕車(chē)是一種危險(xiǎn)的行為，會(huì)對(duì)他人、對(duì)自己造成巨大的威脅，所以酒后駕車(chē)會(huì)受到處罰。因此司機(jī)應(yīng)該對(duì)自己、對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé)，切勿酒后駕車(chē)。 56．The first paragraph is mainly about______. A．the introduction of driving skills B．the damage of drinking to your body C．the effect of drinking on driving D．the process of alcohol being absorbed 提示：主旨大意題。利用要訣6演繹推理法和歸納推理法。 解析：第一段主要介紹了喝酒對(duì)于司機(jī)開(kāi)車(chē)方面的影響：視力，判斷力和協(xié)調(diào)能力下降；反應(yīng)時(shí)間變慢；增加了發(fā)生事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案： C 57．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph

　　refers to “______”． A．a(chǎn)lcohol　B．a(chǎn)bsorption C．blood

　　D．process 提示：詞義猜測(cè)題。利用要訣8上下文暗示法。 解析：it通常指上文提到的名詞或事情，上文主要講述“除掉身體里的酒精是一個(gè)非常緩慢的過(guò)程”，由此推出本句的it指代前面的process。 答案：D 58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the

　　passage?

　　() A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect

　　on driving. B．Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk

　　with

　　fruit juice. C．Having a cup of tea helps to

　　get rid of alcohol from

　　the body. D．50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below

　　the drink driving limit. 提示：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣2題干定位法。 解析：由第一段最后一句可知，即使酒精含量低于酒后駕車(chē)的限制，開(kāi)車(chē)也會(huì)受到影響，由此排除A項(xiàng)；由第二段最后一句可知，像洗澡或喝茶或咖啡等措施都不能使這個(gè)過(guò)程加快，由此排除C項(xiàng)；由第三段第一句可以排除D項(xiàng)；由第二段第二句可知，酒與果汁混到一起喝時(shí)身體對(duì)酒精的吸收會(huì)加快。故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 59．A driver suspected of drink driving ______. A．should provide specimens for testing B．will be forbidden to drive for 3 years C．will be punished

　　for 10 driving-offence points D．should pay a maximum fine of HK $ 25,000 提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣4背景常識(shí)法。 解析：根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，被懷疑酒后駕駛的司機(jī)要提供樣本檢測(cè)。由倒數(shù)第二段可知，不提供樣本檢測(cè)的司機(jī)也要受到同樣的懲罰。由此可推出，被懷疑喝酒的司機(jī)應(yīng)該提供樣本供檢測(cè)。B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)敘述的對(duì)司機(jī)的處罰措施，必須在確定司機(jī)喝酒之后才能實(shí)施。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A * *