2023考研英語閱讀人權問題
Human-rights abuses
人權問題
Nothing new under the sun
日光之下無新事
Some dictators may have fallen, but human-rights abuses continue
也許有些獨裁者已然倒下，但侵犯人權之事依舊存續
Tunisian plainclothes back in action突尼斯的便衣又開始行動了
THE world really can become a better placethat seemed to be the belief of the protesters who have thronged streets in the Middle East. Sadly, those who spoke this week at the Oslo Freedom Forum,a glittering gathering of veterans of human-rights struggles, instead attested to the wisdom of Ecclesiastes: The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done.
世界可以更美好這似乎是中東地區涌上街頭抗議的人們的信念。不幸的是，這周奧斯陸自由論壇備受關注的為人權斗爭的一些老兵們的集會上的發言卻證實了傳道書中的名言：已有之事后必再有;已行之事后必再行。日光之下并無新事。
Take the impact of technology. Facebook and other social media services have created opportunities for dissidents and revolutionaries to organise and voice their opposition. But those in power have discovered that they, too, can use the internet, in their case to stifle freedom of speech. The dream of all dictators is to know as much about you as Google does, says Jacob Mchangama, a Danish human-rights lawyer.
就拿科技的作用來說吧。Facebook及其他的社會傳媒為持不同政見者及革命分子創造了機會，使他們組能夠織起來，表達各自的反對意見。但當權者也發現他們也可以利用互聯網來扼殺言論自由。一位丹麥律師Jacob Mchangama說，所有獨裁者的夢想都是像google一樣了解你。
Authoritarian states have also learned how to usethe language of human rights to legitimise theiroppressive tactics, for instance by claiming todefend religious groups. But their tools of abuseviolence, torture and censorshipremaindepressingly familiar. The grand tradition of makingopponents disappear, perfected by the militarydictatorship in Argentina in the 1970s, is stillflourishing today. In Bahrain doctors and nurses whotreated protesters injured by security forces havevanished. Also in Bahrain, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, theformer head of the Centre for Human Rights and a fierce critic of the regime, was seized byarmed men in the middle of the night. A month later he reappeared, tortured and is now facingtrial.
獨裁國家也已經學會了如何以人權之名使其鎮壓策略合法化,比如聲稱捍衛宗教團體。但是他們的工具依舊是我們熟悉的、令人沮喪的暴力、折磨及審查制度。20世紀70年代阿根廷的軍事獨裁統治將 使對手消失這一重要傳統得以完善,如今它依舊盛行。在巴林島，已經沒有醫生和護士為被安全部隊打傷的示威者治療了。也是在巴林,昔日人權中心的領導人、該制度的猛烈抨擊者 Abdulhadi al-Khawaja,在一個深夜被武裝的人抓走。一個月之后,受過虐待的他再度出現,目前正面臨審判。
Post-revolutionary leaders can find it all too easy to slip into the abusive habits of theirpredecessors. In Oslo Lina Ben Mhenni, a Tunisian blogger, talked of her fear that thetransitional government will use the methods of the ousted regime of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali.When fresh demonstrations broke out in Tunisia in early May, police used tear gas and liveammunition. Journalists were beaten and had their equipment seized.
革命后的領導人覺得太容易像他們的前任一樣濫用權力了。一位突尼斯籍的博主Lina Ben Mhenni在奧斯陸談到，她擔心過渡政府將使用被趕下臺的扎因阿比丁本阿里政權的手段。新的示威游行五月初在突尼斯爆發時,警察使用了催淚瓦斯和實彈。資訊記者遭到毒打,他們的設備也被扣押。
Nor do governments have a monopoly on violence. From Jamaica to South Africa, gays andlesbians continue to be the victims of vicious intolerance. Lesbians are raped in an effort to correct their sexuality. At the Oslo conference the Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexualsand Gays, the first group of its kind on the Caribbean island, said it was remarkable that onlyone of its founders had been murdered in the past decade, such is the violence typicallydirected at its people.
政府不僅在暴力方面有獨占權。從牙買加到南非，同性戀者繼續成為這種惡毒的偏狹的受害者。女同性戀者因為澄清自己的性取向而被強奸。在奧斯陸會議的牙買加同性戀及雙性戀論壇上,其加勒比海島上的第一批代表說，過去十年里他們的創始人只有一個被殺，真的是成效卓越這就是典型的針對他們的暴力事件。
Yet there was also brighter news in Oslo. As those in power become more inventive in theirclampdowns, so do their opponents. Some have started to help victims make their experiencespublic. In Malawi children who have been raped or forced into marriage are encouraged to writeletters to Radio Timweni, a national news programme, which then interviews them. In the age ofFacebook and Google, the truth remains the most powerful weapon of all.
當然，在奧斯陸也有好消息。在當權者加強壓制的同時，其對手也沒有懈怠。有一些開始幫助受害者將其經歷公諸于眾。在馬拉維，他們鼓勵受到性侵或者被迫結婚的孩子寫信給Timweni電臺一個全國性的資訊節目，然后，他們對其進行采訪。在有Facebook與 Google的年代，真相仍舊是最有力的武器。
Human-rights abuses
人權問題
Nothing new under the sun
日光之下無新事
Some dictators may have fallen, but human-rights abuses continue
也許有些獨裁者已然倒下，但侵犯人權之事依舊存續
Tunisian plainclothes back in action突尼斯的便衣又開始行動了
THE world really can become a better placethat seemed to be the belief of the protesters who have thronged streets in the Middle East. Sadly, those who spoke this week at the Oslo Freedom Forum,a glittering gathering of veterans of human-rights struggles, instead attested to the wisdom of Ecclesiastes: The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done.
世界可以更美好這似乎是中東地區涌上街頭抗議的人們的信念。不幸的是，這周奧斯陸自由論壇備受關注的為人權斗爭的一些老兵們的集會上的發言卻證實了傳道書中的名言：已有之事后必再有;已行之事后必再行。日光之下并無新事。
Take the impact of technology. Facebook and other social media services have created opportunities for dissidents and revolutionaries to organise and voice their opposition. But those in power have discovered that they, too, can use the internet, in their case to stifle freedom of speech. The dream of all dictators is to know as much about you as Google does, says Jacob Mchangama, a Danish human-rights lawyer.
就拿科技的作用來說吧。Facebook及其他的社會傳媒為持不同政見者及革命分子創造了機會，使他們組能夠織起來，表達各自的反對意見。但當權者也發現他們也可以利用互聯網來扼殺言論自由。一位丹麥律師Jacob Mchangama說，所有獨裁者的夢想都是像google一樣了解你。
Authoritarian states have also learned how to usethe language of human rights to legitimise theiroppressive tactics, for instance by claiming todefend religious groups. But their tools of abuseviolence, torture and censorshipremaindepressingly familiar. The grand tradition of makingopponents disappear, perfected by the militarydictatorship in Argentina in the 1970s, is stillflourishing today. In Bahrain doctors and nurses whotreated protesters injured by security forces havevanished. Also in Bahrain, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, theformer head of the Centre for Human Rights and a fierce critic of the regime, was seized byarmed men in the middle of the night. A month later he reappeared, tortured and is now facingtrial.
獨裁國家也已經學會了如何以人權之名使其鎮壓策略合法化,比如聲稱捍衛宗教團體。但是他們的工具依舊是我們熟悉的、令人沮喪的暴力、折磨及審查制度。20世紀70年代阿根廷的軍事獨裁統治將 使對手消失這一重要傳統得以完善,如今它依舊盛行。在巴林島，已經沒有醫生和護士為被安全部隊打傷的示威者治療了。也是在巴林,昔日人權中心的領導人、該制度的猛烈抨擊者 Abdulhadi al-Khawaja,在一個深夜被武裝的人抓走。一個月之后,受過虐待的他再度出現,目前正面臨審判。
Post-revolutionary leaders can find it all too easy to slip into the abusive habits of theirpredecessors. In Oslo Lina Ben Mhenni, a Tunisian blogger, talked of her fear that thetransitional government will use the methods of the ousted regime of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali.When fresh demonstrations broke out in Tunisia in early May, police used tear gas and liveammunition. Journalists were beaten and had their equipment seized.
革命后的領導人覺得太容易像他們的前任一樣濫用權力了。一位突尼斯籍的博主Lina Ben Mhenni在奧斯陸談到，她擔心過渡政府將使用被趕下臺的扎因阿比丁本阿里政權的手段。新的示威游行五月初在突尼斯爆發時,警察使用了催淚瓦斯和實彈。資訊記者遭到毒打,他們的設備也被扣押。
Nor do governments have a monopoly on violence. From Jamaica to South Africa, gays andlesbians continue to be the victims of vicious intolerance. Lesbians are raped in an effort to correct their sexuality. At the Oslo conference the Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexualsand Gays, the first group of its kind on the Caribbean island, said it was remarkable that onlyone of its founders had been murdered in the past decade, such is the violence typicallydirected at its people.
政府不僅在暴力方面有獨占權。從牙買加到南非，同性戀者繼續成為這種惡毒的偏狹的受害者。女同性戀者因為澄清自己的性取向而被強奸。在奧斯陸會議的牙買加同性戀及雙性戀論壇上,其加勒比海島上的第一批代表說，過去十年里他們的創始人只有一個被殺，真的是成效卓越這就是典型的針對他們的暴力事件。
Yet there was also brighter news in Oslo. As those in power become more inventive in theirclampdowns, so do their opponents. Some have started to help victims make their experiencespublic. In Malawi children who have been raped or forced into marriage are encouraged to writeletters to Radio Timweni, a national news programme, which then interviews them. In the age ofFacebook and Google, the truth remains the most powerful weapon of all.
當然，在奧斯陸也有好消息。在當權者加強壓制的同時，其對手也沒有懈怠。有一些開始幫助受害者將其經歷公諸于眾。在馬拉維，他們鼓勵受到性侵或者被迫結婚的孩子寫信給Timweni電臺一個全國性的資訊節目，然后，他們對其進行采訪。在有Facebook與 Google的年代，真相仍舊是最有力的武器。
