英語講義【69】句子的類別
就結(jié)構(gòu)而言,英語句子有4類：簡(jiǎn)單句（the simple sentence），并列句（the compound sentence）；復(fù)雜句（the complex sentence）；并列復(fù)雜句（the compound-complex sentence）。
只有一個(gè)主語（subject）和謂語（predicate）的句子，叫簡(jiǎn)單句。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，由等立連詞（coordinating conjunction）and, or, but, so, for等連接的句子，叫并列句。例如：
① You can go there and see the manager.
?、?I like reading, but she likes singing.
?、?Take it or leave it.
由一個(gè)主句（main clause）和至少一個(gè)從屬分句（也稱從句, （subordinate clause）合成的句子，叫復(fù)雜句。根據(jù)性質(zhì)和功能，從句有3種，即：㈠ 名詞從句（the noun clause）；㈡形容詞從句（也稱定語從句, the adjective clause, or the relative clause ）；㈢副詞從句（也稱狀語從句, the adverb clause）。
如果一句里有兩個(gè)或以上的并列句，再加上至少一個(gè)從屬分句，這種句子就是并列復(fù)雜句。
從屬分句的共同點(diǎn)是，它們都要由從屬連詞（subordinating conjunction）引導(dǎo)而出。
名詞從句主要由That引導(dǎo)，如：
?、?He told me that he was unwell yesterday.
?、?That China is a big country cannot be denied.
?、?The problem here is that people tend to be indifferent to politics.
④里的名詞從句是主句的賓語；⑤里的是主句的主語；⑥里的是主句的補(bǔ)足語。
形容詞從句由關(guān)系代詞who, which, that等或關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。這里的關(guān)系詞和從屬連詞不同的地方是關(guān)系詞既是連詞也是代詞或副詞。形容詞從句的功能在修飾主句里的名詞，叫先行詞（the antecedent）。例如：
?、?Do you know the man who is speaking to that lady?
?、?Show me the evidence which you have gathered.
?、?The puppy that was knocked down has just been taken away.
?、?Is this the place where we will meet?
● Sunday is the time when working people can relax a bit.
必須注意的是，先行詞是人，就由who或that引導(dǎo)；如果是動(dòng)物或東西，就用which或that；如果是 所有格（the possessive case），就用whose；如果是地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因，就要分別用關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。
至于副詞從句，可以根據(jù)從句的性質(zhì)選用從屬連詞。
時(shí)間副詞從句用when, as等，如：
● John received a warm welcome when he returned.
● As he came up the stairs, she went out.
原因副詞從句用because, since等，如：
● Tom could not come because he was ill.
● Since the rain has stopped now, let us go out.
條件副詞從句用if , unless等，如：
● If you work hard, you will succeed.
● I wont go unless I am invited.
讓步副詞從句用although, though等，如：
● The Lees are generous though they are not rich.
● Although it was hard work for us, we enjoyed it.
地點(diǎn)副詞從句用where, wherever等，如：
● Please stay where you are.
● Wherever I go, I meet friends,
此外，還有些副詞從句，如比較的、狀態(tài)的、目的的 、結(jié)果的，都由不同的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
就結(jié)構(gòu)而言,英語句子有4類：簡(jiǎn)單句（the simple sentence），并列句（the compound sentence）；復(fù)雜句（the complex sentence）；并列復(fù)雜句（the compound-complex sentence）。
只有一個(gè)主語（subject）和謂語（predicate）的句子，叫簡(jiǎn)單句。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，由等立連詞（coordinating conjunction）and, or, but, so, for等連接的句子，叫并列句。例如：
?、?You can go there and see the manager.
?、?I like reading, but she likes singing.
?、?Take it or leave it.
由一個(gè)主句（main clause）和至少一個(gè)從屬分句（也稱從句, （subordinate clause）合成的句子，叫復(fù)雜句。根據(jù)性質(zhì)和功能，從句有3種，即：㈠ 名詞從句（the noun clause）；㈡形容詞從句（也稱定語從句, the adjective clause, or the relative clause ）；㈢副詞從句（也稱狀語從句, the adverb clause）。
如果一句里有兩個(gè)或以上的并列句，再加上至少一個(gè)從屬分句，這種句子就是并列復(fù)雜句。
從屬分句的共同點(diǎn)是，它們都要由從屬連詞（subordinating conjunction）引導(dǎo)而出。
名詞從句主要由That引導(dǎo)，如：
?、?He told me that he was unwell yesterday.
?、?That China is a big country cannot be denied.
?、?The problem here is that people tend to be indifferent to politics.
?、芾锏拿~從句是主句的賓語；⑤里的是主句的主語；⑥里的是主句的補(bǔ)足語。
形容詞從句由關(guān)系代詞who, which, that等或關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。這里的關(guān)系詞和從屬連詞不同的地方是關(guān)系詞既是連詞也是代詞或副詞。形容詞從句的功能在修飾主句里的名詞，叫先行詞（the antecedent）。例如：
?、?Do you know the man who is speaking to that lady?
?、?Show me the evidence which you have gathered.
?、?The puppy that was knocked down has just been taken away.
⑩ Is this the place where we will meet?
● Sunday is the time when working people can relax a bit.
必須注意的是，先行詞是人，就由who或that引導(dǎo)；如果是動(dòng)物或東西，就用which或that；如果是 所有格（the possessive case），就用whose；如果是地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因，就要分別用關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。
至于副詞從句，可以根據(jù)從句的性質(zhì)選用從屬連詞。
時(shí)間副詞從句用when, as等，如：
● John received a warm welcome when he returned.
● As he came up the stairs, she went out.
原因副詞從句用because, since等，如：
● Tom could not come because he was ill.
● Since the rain has stopped now, let us go out.
條件副詞從句用if , unless等，如：
● If you work hard, you will succeed.
● I wont go unless I am invited.
讓步副詞從句用although, though等，如：
● The Lees are generous though they are not rich.
● Although it was hard work for us, we enjoyed it.
地點(diǎn)副詞從句用where, wherever等，如：
● Please stay where you are.
● Wherever I go, I meet friends,
此外，還有些副詞從句，如比較的、狀態(tài)的、目的的 、結(jié)果的，都由不同的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
