英語(yǔ)講義【157】怎樣突出句子中的重點(diǎn)?
有效的句子要有重點(diǎn)，并且要突出重點(diǎn)。
句子的重點(diǎn)可以通過(guò)下列方法，加以突出：
1. 把重點(diǎn)擺在句首或句尾。
一般而論，最顯眼的位置是在句尾，其次是在句首，中間的位置最平淡，乏善可陳。例如：
（1） Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readersattention.
（2） The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation.
把重點(diǎn)放在句尾是種吊胃口的方法，讀者或聽(tīng)者非得讀完或聽(tīng)完整句不可。
2. 在復(fù)雜句里，把主句放在從句之后。
除了名詞從句和形容詞從句之外，因?yàn)樗鼈兾恢幂^固定，副詞從句中有幾種的位置靈活，可以在主句之前出現(xiàn)，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我們就把這樣的副詞從句提前，重點(diǎn)則放在后頭的主句，如（3b）：
（3a） I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.
（3b） When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.
副詞短語(yǔ)更是如此，如 （4b）:
（4a） Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.
（4b） Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.
3. 把較重要或有分量的詞語(yǔ)放在后頭，如（5b）和（6b）：
（5a） I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
（5b） I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
（6a） That singers life was tragic and brief.
（6b） That singers life was brief and tragic.
4. 把句子中一系列的項(xiàng)目作邏輯性的排列。例如：
（7） Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.
（8） Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?
5. 必要時(shí)，重復(fù)重要的語(yǔ)詞或概念。
例如：
（9） Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.
（10） the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
6. 盡量用主動(dòng)說(shuō)態(tài)，因此（11b）比（11a）好：
（11a） A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
（11b） A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
7. 適當(dāng)時(shí)候，可用倒裝句和平行句，如：
（12） Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.
（13） Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.
（14） Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.
有效的句子要有重點(diǎn)，并且要突出重點(diǎn)。
句子的重點(diǎn)可以通過(guò)下列方法，加以突出：
1. 把重點(diǎn)擺在句首或句尾。
一般而論，最顯眼的位置是在句尾，其次是在句首，中間的位置最平淡，乏善可陳。例如：
（1） Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readersattention.
（2） The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation.
把重點(diǎn)放在句尾是種吊胃口的方法，讀者或聽(tīng)者非得讀完或聽(tīng)完整句不可。
2. 在復(fù)雜句里，把主句放在從句之后。
除了名詞從句和形容詞從句之外，因?yàn)樗鼈兾恢幂^固定，副詞從句中有幾種的位置靈活，可以在主句之前出現(xiàn)，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我們就把這樣的副詞從句提前，重點(diǎn)則放在后頭的主句，如（3b）：
（3a） I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.
（3b） When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.
副詞短語(yǔ)更是如此，如 （4b）:
（4a） Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.
（4b） Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.
3. 把較重要或有分量的詞語(yǔ)放在后頭，如（5b）和（6b）：
（5a） I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
（5b） I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
（6a） That singers life was tragic and brief.
（6b） That singers life was brief and tragic.
4. 把句子中一系列的項(xiàng)目作邏輯性的排列。例如：
（7） Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.
（8） Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?
5. 必要時(shí)，重復(fù)重要的語(yǔ)詞或概念。
例如：
（9） Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.
（10） the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
6. 盡量用主動(dòng)說(shuō)態(tài)，因此（11b）比（11a）好：
（11a） A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
（11b） A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
7. 適當(dāng)時(shí)候，可用倒裝句和平行句，如：
（12） Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.
（13） Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.
（14） Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.
