高中英語語法-詞義猜測“十法”（二）
詞義猜測十法（二）
◆對比反義詞法
人們在描述、說明事物的時侯常用對比方式，在這種情況下，往往使用反義詞來說明或描述另一事物的特征。因此，我們可以通過已知的反義詞的詞義去推測生詞的含義。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother， in contrast， is quite humble and modest.
解析： supercilious 可能是個生詞。由于句中出現了短語 in contrast （相對照，相對比），根據這個線索，我們可以推測， supercilious 和后面的詞組 humble and modest （謙卑，謙虛）是對比或相反的關系。由此我們可以推斷 supercilious 可能是傲慢的，目空一切的的意思。
（ NMET 2002 全國， E 篇 74 題） A childs birthday party doesnt have hassle ；it can be a basket of fun， according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two， aged 4 and 18 months.
74. What does the underlined word hassle probably mean？
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
解析：文中先說孩子的生日聚會不 hassle ，后面緊接著對比說 it can be a basket of fun ，顯然 hassle 與 fun 在意義上是相反的，因此我們可推知 hassle 意為麻煩，費力之事，故答案為 C .
◆詞義搭配關聯法
英語句子中的某個單詞總是和其它的詞相關聯，我們可以通過這些前后關聯的詞語來猜測該生詞的含義。例如：
（ NMET 2004 全國 I ， E 篇 74 題） Finally although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job，recent graduates report that they dont regret their choice of study.
74. The underlined word land probably means _____________ .
A. keep for some time
B. successfully get
C. immediately start
D. lose regretfully
解析：句中的 land 用作動詞，它的賓語是 the first job ，根據詞語搭配，我們可以推斷 land 的含義應該是成功地得到。故答案為 B .
◆詞義重復變化法
有時候，為了把一件事情敘述或說明得更清楚、更詳細，文章的作者往往會使用幾個不同、但意義相同或相近的詞來表達同一概念，這時，我們就可以利用這些意義上重復的詞語去猜測生詞的詞義。例如：
（ NMET 2004 湖北， C 篇 66 題） Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs？ The answer is Yes ， according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers.
66. According to the passage， John Hopkins is ____________.
A. a famous university
B. a medical center
C. a well-known doctor
D. a drug company
解析：從 according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers 可以推知， John Hopkins 是 medical center 之一。故答案為 B .
◆詞義轉折法
有時候，有的句子中含有諸如 though， however， but， nevertheless， yet， still， instead， on the other hand， on the contrary 等表示轉折意思的連詞、副詞或介詞短語，我們就可以根據句子意思的轉折來猜測生詞的詞義。例如：
This boy is not stupid， on the contrary， no one could be more intelligent.
解析： intelligent 可能是個生詞，通過短語 on the contrary 我們可以知道， intelligent 與 stupid 意義相反，因此 intelligent 意為聰明的，有才智的。
◆經驗常識法
除了上述方法之外，我們還可以根據日常的生活經驗、或者一般常識來猜測詞義。例如：
（ NMET 2004 福建， E 篇 72 題） While in Banff， make time for a walk around town. A special treat is to go up the mountainside on the Banff Gondola for a surprising view of the valley below. Here is The Pines， whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou， wild boar， and reindeer with surprising sauces.
72. According to the passage， The Pines is a ___________.
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
解析：從文中 The Pines， whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food 可以看出，有 cook 在 The Pines 里工作，根據生活常識， The Pines 應該是一個餐館。故答案為 D .
山東丁道文 李文莉
[1][2]
詞義猜測十法（二）
◆對比反義詞法
人們在描述、說明事物的時侯常用對比方式，在這種情況下，往往使用反義詞來說明或描述另一事物的特征。因此，我們可以通過已知的反義詞的詞義去推測生詞的含義。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother， in contrast， is quite humble and modest.
解析： supercilious 可能是個生詞。由于句中出現了短語 in contrast （相對照，相對比），根據這個線索，我們可以推測， supercilious 和后面的詞組 humble and modest （謙卑，謙虛）是對比或相反的關系。由此我們可以推斷 supercilious 可能是傲慢的，目空一切的的意思。
（ NMET 2002 全國， E 篇 74 題） A childs birthday party doesnt have hassle ；it can be a basket of fun， according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two， aged 4 and 18 months.
74. What does the underlined word hassle probably mean？
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
解析：文中先說孩子的生日聚會不 hassle ，后面緊接著對比說 it can be a basket of fun ，顯然 hassle 與 fun 在意義上是相反的，因此我們可推知 hassle 意為麻煩，費力之事，故答案為 C .
◆詞義搭配關聯法
英語句子中的某個單詞總是和其它的詞相關聯，我們可以通過這些前后關聯的詞語來猜測該生詞的含義。例如：
（ NMET 2004 全國 I ， E 篇 74 題） Finally although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job，recent graduates report that they dont regret their choice of study.
74. The underlined word land probably means _____________ .
A. keep for some time
B. successfully get
C. immediately start
D. lose regretfully
解析：句中的 land 用作動詞，它的賓語是 the first job ，根據詞語搭配，我們可以推斷 land 的含義應該是成功地得到。故答案為 B .
◆詞義重復變化法
有時候，為了把一件事情敘述或說明得更清楚、更詳細，文章的作者往往會使用幾個不同、但意義相同或相近的詞來表達同一概念，這時，我們就可以利用這些意義上重復的詞語去猜測生詞的詞義。例如：
（ NMET 2004 湖北， C 篇 66 題） Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs？ The answer is Yes ， according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers.
66. According to the passage， John Hopkins is ____________.
A. a famous university
B. a medical center
C. a well-known doctor
D. a drug company
解析：從 according to the researchers at John Hopkins and three other medical centers 可以推知， John Hopkins 是 medical center 之一。故答案為 B .
◆詞義轉折法
有時候，有的句子中含有諸如 though， however， but， nevertheless， yet， still， instead， on the other hand， on the contrary 等表示轉折意思的連詞、副詞或介詞短語，我們就可以根據句子意思的轉折來猜測生詞的詞義。例如：
This boy is not stupid， on the contrary， no one could be more intelligent.
解析： intelligent 可能是個生詞，通過短語 on the contrary 我們可以知道， intelligent 與 stupid 意義相反，因此 intelligent 意為聰明的，有才智的。
◆經驗常識法
除了上述方法之外，我們還可以根據日常的生活經驗、或者一般常識來猜測詞義。例如：
（ NMET 2004 福建， E 篇 72 題） While in Banff， make time for a walk around town. A special treat is to go up the mountainside on the Banff Gondola for a surprising view of the valley below. Here is The Pines， whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou， wild boar， and reindeer with surprising sauces.
72. According to the passage， The Pines is a ___________.
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
解析：從文中 The Pines， whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food 可以看出，有 cook 在 The Pines 里工作，根據生活常識， The Pines 應該是一個餐館。故答案為 D .
山東丁道文 李文莉
[1][2]
