語法復習十五：形容詞和副詞

比較級和最高級及其使用

形容詞的比較級和最高級

說 明 例 詞

一般情況 加er, est smaller,smallest

以e 結尾 加r,st larger,largest

單音節詞和少數多音節的形容詞，加詞尾er ,est 以輔音字母+y 結尾的詞 改y為i，再加er,est busier,busiest

重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母 雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest

以ow,er結尾的雙音節詞 加er ,est narrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest

多數雙音節和多音節的詞 加more most more beautiful,most important

副詞的比較級和最高級

1.大多數以ly結尾的副詞前加more 和most 來構成比較級和最高級。

2.少數單音節副詞，加er,est 構成其比較級和最高級 。

幾個特殊的形容詞和副詞

原級 比較級 最高級

good ,well better best

bad, ill, badly worse worst

many ,much more most

little less least

far farther, further farthest,further

old older, elder oldest, eldest

比較級和最高級的常用句型

名稱 句型 例句

相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名詞 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.

不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名詞+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.

比較級+ than Health is more important than wealth.

超越 the +比較級+of the two兩者中較 的一個 He is the taller of the two.

用于否定 no +比較級+than 和一樣不 He is no richer than I.他和我一樣不富有。

用于否定 最不過 His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不過了。

程度遞增 er and er，more and more+多音節詞原級 (越來越) higher and higher more and more important

兩種情況同時變化 the +比較級，the+比較級(越，越) The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.

三者或三者以上比較 the +最高級+of/in+比較范圍(之中最) Of all things in the world, people are the precious.

比較級結構的修飾語

1.用于原級之前：

almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.

John is almost as tall as you.

The river is three times as long as that one.

We have a third as many students as we had last term.

2.用于比較級前

many, a few (用于more +可數名詞前)

It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.

a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.

Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.

We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.

3.用于形容詞和最高級前

the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second

This hat is by far the largest in the world.

Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .

位置與功能

高考重點要求

1.掌握形容詞、副詞比較級、最高級的常用句型及用法

2.掌握形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級和最高級修飾語及倍數的比較表達。

3.注意多外形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序。

4.分清常用同義與近義形容詞在表達中的語義差別。

此項語法內容從1991年到達2001年間共出現45次(包括上海題)，可見其重要。

形容詞作用與位置

1.定語。

在名詞前做定語，為最常見用法。請注意多個形容詞(含其它起形容詞作用的詞)做前置定語的順序。

縣官行令殺國才。這一句就概述了形容詞順序問題。即：

限(冠詞[物主代詞、指示代詞]數詞等)觀 (描繪) 形(大小、形狀等) 齡 (年齡、新舊等)色(色彩)國(國籍、出處等)材(材料、功用等)

an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella

做后置定語。修飾由不定代詞no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等構成的復合詞或形容詞短語。

2.表語。一定要注意系動詞的出現情況。這是一個高考熱點問題。

常見系動詞有：be

變化系詞： become, get ,turn, grow, go

保持系詞： keep ,remain, stay

感觀系詞： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.

3.形容詞作狀語，表狀況、原因、結果等。這也是應注意的一點。

He went to bed , cold and hungry.

4.做賓補。

N：①某些以a 開始的形容詞只做表語，不做定語。

afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive

②某些表身體健康狀況的形容詞只能做表語,不做定語

well, ill faint

③某些以-ly 結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。

friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。

④復合形容詞的形式問題。

an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man

副詞

位置

1)時間副詞和地點副詞一般放于句尾。如同時出現，則地點副詞在前。

They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

2)表頻率的時間副詞是高考的熱點

always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行為動詞之前，be詞、情態動詞和助動詞之 后。

He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.

3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾詞之前(但 enough除外)

He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.

N:有些副詞有兩種形式，一個與形容詞同形，一個以ly 結尾，但它們的含義是不同的。

closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。

以ly 結尾的詞表較為抽象的含義，而與形容詞同形的副詞則表較為具體的概念。

He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)

He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.(飛得高，具有可見性)

練習、形容詞和副詞

高考題選：

1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)

A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer

2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)

A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most

3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)

A. such an interesting B. such interesting a

C. so an interesting D. a so interesting

4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)

A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many

5. The horse is getting old and cant run ___ it did. (MET88)

A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as

6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)

A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true

7. Id been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there werent ___ for me. (MET89)

A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none

8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)

A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than

9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)

A. as twice many B. as many twice

C. twice as many D. twice many as

10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)

A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better

C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good

11. ---Can I help you?

---Well, Im afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)

A. so B. much C. very D. too

12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?

---Im sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)

A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer

13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)

A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less

14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)

A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise

C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise

15. ---How did you find your visit to museum?

---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)

A. far more interesting B. even much interesting

C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting

16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)

A. any B. any other C. other D. another

17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91)

A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well

18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)

A. more B. much more C. much D. more much

19. ___ food youve cooked! (NMET91 )

A. How a nice B. What a nice

C. How nice D. What nice

20. Go and get your coat. Its ___ you left it. (MET92)

A. there B. where C. there where D. where there

21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)

A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening

22. ---Are you feeling ___?

---Yes, I m fine now. (NMET92)

A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better

23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92)

A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger

24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?

---Sorry, I cant. He ___. (MET92)

A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here work

C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer

25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92)

A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid

26. ___ terrible weather weve been having these days! (MET92)

A. How a B. What a C. How D. What

27. It takes a long time to go there by train. Its___ by road. (MET93)

A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker

28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93)

A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is

29. She doesnt speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93)

A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as

30. ---Mum, I think Im___ to get back to school.

---Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93)

A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough

31. ---If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one.

---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. (NMET93)

A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger

32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

33. We all write___ ,even when theres net much to say. (NMET94)

A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less

34. ---Do you remember ___ he came?

---Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94)

A. how B. when C. that D. if

35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94)

A. the happiest time B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

36. ---Have you finished your report yet?

---No, Ill finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95)

A. another B. other C. more D. less

37. ---Id like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.

---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95)

A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a

38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95)

A. what B. how C. however D. whatever

39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96)

A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily

40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96)

A. the better voice B. a good voice

C. the best voice D. a better voice

41. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93)

A. little two other B. two little other

C. two other little D. little other two

42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95)

---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

43. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95)

A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such

44. Wait till you are more___ .Its better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97)

A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain

45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98)

A. the best B. more C. better D. the most

46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET2000 )

A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave

47. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, ___ if you dont speak the language. (NMET2000 )

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially

48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ___ trick. (2001 春招)

A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple

49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMET2001)

A. an art much as B. much an art as

C. as an art much as D. as much an art as

50.---Im very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (2002春招)

A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant

51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ.