高考必考英語內容:情態動詞考點透視
考點點擊:情態動詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、態度等,它是英語動詞中最難把握的一類,也是每年高考必考內容。
命題熱點:為情態動詞的基本用法辨析,情態動詞表示態度的用法辨析,情態動詞表示推測的用法辨析,情態動詞在虛擬語氣中的運用。
考查形式:主要體現在聽力理解、單項填空和完形填空中。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現的情態動詞的考點進行歸納分析,以便同學們復習掌握。
典例精析
一、考查情態動詞的基本用法
一些常見情態動詞的非常用意義往往為高考考查的焦點,考生須確切理解其含義并根據句子意思選擇正確的情態動詞。
例1:The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by
both sides. declared the judge. (2004重慶)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
例2: The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
Of course. (2003北京春)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
分析:上述兩題均考查 shall的非常用含義,當shall用于一、三人稱疑問句中時,表示征求對方意見;用于二、三人稱陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。上述三題答案分別為D、B。
例3:Hes strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析:will用來談習慣和特性,尤其是不受時限必然發生的情況。本句意思為他很怪,能一坐幾個小時一句話也不說。答案為B。
例4:John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全國Ⅲ)
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5:Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(2005全國II)
A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not
分析:must用于疑問句,表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為偏要,硬要、干嘛;而mustnt則表示禁止、不允許,是說話人強有力的勸告。故答案分別為A、B。
例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
分析:在某些名詞性從句中,should 表示驚異、意外等情緒,常譯為竟然。答案分別為C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,這件事竟然發生在我身上。
例7:_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析:在條件狀語從句中,should 表示萬一,即可表示不能實現的假設,又可表示可以實現的假設。該句意思為萬一明天下雨,會議就延期。答案為A。
例8:A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全國卷)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
例9:The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析:can 表示推測時常用于疑問和否定句中,用于肯定句中常常表示理論上的可能性,用來表達事件或情況可能發生(但并不牽涉到是否真的會發生)。故答案分別為B、D。
二、考查情態動詞的推測用法
1、對現在或客觀事實的推測
對現在或客觀事實的肯定推測一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could,語氣依次遞減。
例10:Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. (2005安徽)
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
例11:Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.
It ___ Harrys. He always wears green. (2005廣東)
A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be
例12:That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.
A. can B. could C. will D. ought to
分析:must的語氣最強,譯為肯定、準是、想必是;should的語氣次之,譯為很可能、應該,指按常理推測;may (might)譯為也許、大概,表示把握不大的推斷,后面常跟but。could的語氣最弱,譯為也許、可能。答案分別為C、D、C。
對現在或客觀事實的否定推測,常用cannot譯為根本不可能、想必不會,表示推測的語氣非常肯定, may not, might not或could not譯為可能不、也許不,表示推測的語氣不很肯定。
例13:You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
例14:--Isnt that Anns husband over there?
--No, it _______ be him ---Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. (2004全國Ⅰ)
A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not
分析:在例13中,might just as well表示最好,還是為好,說明喜歡的可能性不大,故用may not。例14,根據后面的Im sure可以看出,推測的語氣較強,故用cant譯為根本不可能、想必不會,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩,常用于否定語氣較強時。答案分別為C、 A。
對現在或客觀事實的疑問推測,往往用can或could,而不用may/might。
例15:Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(2001上海春)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
分析:對現在或客觀事實的疑問推測,往往用can或could,表示驚異、懷疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案為A。
2、對過去事實的推測
對過去已發生事情的肯定推測常用 must/may/might +have + v-ed,must+ have + v-ed意思為想必、準是、一定是,語氣非常肯定且只能用于肯定句,may/might+ have + v-ed 意思為也許、或許表示推測的把握不大,只能用于肯定或否定句,不用于疑問句;對過去的否定推測常用 can/could /maymight not + have + v-ed,意思為不可能/可能沒做過;對過去的疑問推測只用can/could + have + v-ed,意思為可能已經。
例16:He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)
A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant
分析:根據后一分句判斷,前一分句應該表示肯定完成了工作,故用must+ have + v-ed意思為想必、準是、一定是,語氣非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案為B。
例17:My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)
A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended
C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended
分析:must表推測時,不用于否定,neednt have +v-ed 表示本來沒有必要,shouldnt have +v-ed表示本來不應該,can/could not + have + v-ed 意思為不可能做過。故答案為A。
例18:--Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coats still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt
分析:cant have gone far 在此表示現在對過去所發生事情的否定推測,意思為現在不可能走遠了;答案為C。
三、考查情態動詞的虛擬用法
例19:Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析:對過去發生事情的責備或遺憾應用情態動詞+have + v-ed,據此可排除答案A、C,而would+have +v-ed常用于過去的虛擬語氣中,should(ought to)+ have + v-ed表示本應該做某事而實際上沒有做,含有責備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。故答案為D。
例20:He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山東)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析:could+ have + v-ed 用于肯定句中,表示本來能夠做成某事的但結果沒能做成,含有遺憾的意味,側重有能力而沒能做成。該句意思為:他花錢買了座位,而他本來可以免費進去的。答案為A。
例21:You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must B. may C. will D. might
分析:前一分句的should not have swum表示責備,后一分句則表明有被魚吃掉的可能性。might+ have + v-ed 用于肯定句中,表示本來有可能做成某事但結果沒能做成,含有遺憾的意味,側重有某種可能性但沒能做成。
例22:Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done
分析:neednt+ have + v-ed 表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事,無批評責備之意,只是惋惜而已。如You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的,因為天就要下雨了。答案為B。
備考建議
掌握情態動詞的基本詞義及其用法是把握情態動詞 的關鍵,同時要認真比較每個情態動詞的用法,注意其細微差別,如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差異;熟悉每個情態動詞的適用場合,根據語境及說話人的語氣選擇恰當的情態動詞,如用于推測時,must只用于肯定句中,can一般不能用 于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑問句中;牢記情態動詞表示推測的用法,尤其是對過去發生情況的推測;積累虛擬語氣的用法,尤其是一些句勢和特殊 情況。
考點點擊:情態動詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、態度等,它是英語動詞中最難把握的一類,也是每年高考必考內容。
命題熱點:為情態動詞的基本用法辨析,情態動詞表示態度的用法辨析,情態動詞表示推測的用法辨析,情態動詞在虛擬語氣中的運用。
考查形式:主要體現在聽力理解、單項填空和完形填空中。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現的情態動詞的考點進行歸納分析,以便同學們復習掌握。
典例精析
一、考查情態動詞的基本用法
一些常見情態動詞的非常用意義往往為高考考查的焦點,考生須確切理解其含義并根據句子意思選擇正確的情態動詞。
例1:The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by
both sides. declared the judge. (2004重慶)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
例2: The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
Of course. (2003北京春)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
分析:上述兩題均考查 shall的非常用含義,當shall用于一、三人稱疑問句中時,表示征求對方意見;用于二、三人稱陳述句中,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。上述三題答案分別為D、B。
例3:Hes strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析:will用來談習慣和特性,尤其是不受時限必然發生的情況。本句意思為他很怪,能一坐幾個小時一句話也不說。答案為B。
例4:John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全國Ⅲ)
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5:Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(2005全國II)
A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not
分析:must用于疑問句,表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為偏要,硬要、干嘛;而mustnt則表示禁止、不允許,是說話人強有力的勸告。故答案分別為A、B。
例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
分析:在某些名詞性從句中,should 表示驚異、意外等情緒,常譯為竟然。答案分別為C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,這件事竟然發生在我身上。
例7:_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析:在條件狀語從句中,should 表示萬一,即可表示不能實現的假設,又可表示可以實現的假設。該句意思為萬一明天下雨,會議就延期。答案為A。
例8:A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全國卷)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
例9:The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析:can 表示推測時常用于疑問和否定句中,用于肯定句中常常表示理論上的可能性,用來表達事件或情況可能發生(但并不牽涉到是否真的會發生)。故答案分別為B、D。
二、考查情態動詞的推測用法
1、對現在或客觀事實的推測
對現在或客觀事實的肯定推測一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could,語氣依次遞減。
例10:Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. (2005安徽)
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
例11:Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.
It ___ Harrys. He always wears green. (2005廣東)
A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be
例12:That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.
A. can B. could C. will D. ought to
分析:must的語氣最強,譯為肯定、準是、想必是;should的語氣次之,譯為很可能、應該,指按常理推測;may (might)譯為也許、大概,表示把握不大的推斷,后面常跟but。could的語氣最弱,譯為也許、可能。答案分別為C、D、C。
對現在或客觀事實的否定推測,常用cannot譯為根本不可能、想必不會,表示推測的語氣非常肯定, may not, might not或could not譯為可能不、也許不,表示推測的語氣不很肯定。
例13:You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
例14:--Isnt that Anns husband over there?
--No, it _______ be him ---Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. (2004全國Ⅰ)
A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not
分析:在例13中,might just as well表示最好,還是為好,說明喜歡的可能性不大,故用may not。例14,根據后面的Im sure可以看出,推測的語氣較強,故用cant譯為根本不可能、想必不會,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩,常用于否定語氣較強時。答案分別為C、 A。
對現在或客觀事實的疑問推測,往往用can或could,而不用may/might。
例15:Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(2001上海春)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
分析:對現在或客觀事實的疑問推測,往往用can或could,表示驚異、懷疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案為A。
2、對過去事實的推測
對過去已發生事情的肯定推測常用 must/may/might +have + v-ed,must+ have + v-ed意思為想必、準是、一定是,語氣非常肯定且只能用于肯定句,may/might+ have + v-ed 意思為也許、或許表示推測的把握不大,只能用于肯定或否定句,不用于疑問句;對過去的否定推測常用 can/could /maymight not + have + v-ed,意思為不可能/可能沒做過;對過去的疑問推測只用can/could + have + v-ed,意思為可能已經。
例16:He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)
A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant
分析:根據后一分句判斷,前一分句應該表示肯定完成了工作,故用must+ have + v-ed意思為想必、準是、一定是,語氣非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案為B。
例17:My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)
A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended
C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended
分析:must表推測時,不用于否定,neednt have +v-ed 表示本來沒有必要,shouldnt have +v-ed表示本來不應該,can/could not + have + v-ed 意思為不可能做過。故答案為A。
例18:--Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coats still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt
分析:cant have gone far 在此表示現在對過去所發生事情的否定推測,意思為現在不可能走遠了;答案為C。
三、考查情態動詞的虛擬用法
例19:Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析:對過去發生事情的責備或遺憾應用情態動詞+have + v-ed,據此可排除答案A、C,而would+have +v-ed常用于過去的虛擬語氣中,should(ought to)+ have + v-ed表示本應該做某事而實際上沒有做,含有責備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。故答案為D。
例20:He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山東)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析:could+ have + v-ed 用于肯定句中,表示本來能夠做成某事的但結果沒能做成,含有遺憾的意味,側重有能力而沒能做成。該句意思為:他花錢買了座位,而他本來可以免費進去的。答案為A。
例21:You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must B. may C. will D. might
分析:前一分句的should not have swum表示責備,后一分句則表明有被魚吃掉的可能性。might+ have + v-ed 用于肯定句中,表示本來有可能做成某事但結果沒能做成,含有遺憾的意味,側重有某種可能性但沒能做成。
例22:Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done
分析:neednt+ have + v-ed 表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事,無批評責備之意,只是惋惜而已。如You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的,因為天就要下雨了。答案為B。
備考建議
掌握情態動詞的基本詞義及其用法是把握情態動詞 的關鍵,同時要認真比較每個情態動詞的用法,注意其細微差別,如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差異;熟悉每個情態動詞的適用場合,根據語境及說話人的語氣選擇恰當的情態動詞,如用于推測時,must只用于肯定句中,can一般不能用 于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑問句中;牢記情態動詞表示推測的用法,尤其是對過去發生情況的推測;積累虛擬語氣的用法,尤其是一些句勢和特殊 情況。