牛津實用英語語法:342 時間從句
A 時間從句由下列表示時間的連詞來引導：
after immediately till/until
as nosoonerthan when
as soon as since whenever
before the sooner while
hardlywhen
時間從句也可由the minute，the moment來引導。
用when，as，while的例句，參見第331節至第333節。
用before的例句，參見第195節B。
B 請留意，時間從句中不用將來時態或條件時態。
1 如將下列將來時態放入時間從句中，須將它變為一般時態。
一般將來時：
Youll be back soon.Ill stay till then.
你會很快回來，我一直等到那時。相當于：
Ill stay till you get back.
我一直等到你回來。
be going to形式：
The parachutist is going to jump.Soon after he jumps his parachute will open.
跳傘運動員要往下跳。他剛跳之后不久，降落傘就會打開。
現在進行時用做一般將來時和將來進行時：
Hes arriving/Hell be arriving at six.
他將在6點到。
但是：
When he arrives hell tell us all about the match.
等他到了，他會好好給我們講講那場比賽。
Before he arrives Ill give the children their tea.
在他來到之前，我會給孩子們吃茶點的。
如進行時態表示某一行動在繼續，則其完全可以用在表示時間的從句中：
Peter and John will be playing/are playing/are going to play tennis tonight.While they are playing(during this time)well go to the beach.
今晚彼得和約翰要去打網球。他們打球時，我們將去海濱。
2 在時間從句中，將來完成時變為現在完成時，將來完成進行時變為現在完成進行時：
Ill have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes.
我一會兒就用完浴室了。
The moment/As soon as I have finished Ill give you a call.
我一完事兒，就給你打電話。
3 在時間從句中，條件時態變為過去時態：
We knew that he would arrive/would be arriving about six.
我們知道他將在六點鐘左右到。
We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done.
我們知道在他到來之前，什么都干不了。
但是，如when引導的是一個名詞從句，后面可跟將來時態或條件時態：
He said，When will the train get in?
他說：火車什么時候進站?相當于：
He asked when the train would get in.
他問火車什么時候進站。
C since從句
since從句后面常跟完成時態：
Theyve moved house twice since they got married./Since they gotmarried，theyve moved house twice.
他們結婚后已搬了兩次家。
He said hed lived in a tent since his house burnt down.
他說自從他的房屋被燒毀后，他就一直住在帳篷里。
Its ages since I sailed/have sailed a boat.
我未駕駛帆船已有好多年了。
I havent sailed a boat since I left college.
自從我大學畢業后就沒再駕駛帆船了。
D after從句
after從句之后常跟完成時態：
After/When he had rung off I remembered
等他把電話掛斷了之后，我才想起
After/When youve finished with it，hang it up.
你用完了之后，請把它掛起來。
E hardly/scarcely when，no sooner than：
The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out.
Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.
演出剛開始就停電了。
這里可以用scarcely代替hardly，但不常見。
He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.
No sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.
他喝了咖啡沒多一會兒，就犯困了。
He no sooner earns any money than he spends it.
Immediately he earns any money he spends it.
他錢一掙到手，就花光了。
注意the soonerthe sooner的用法：
The sooner we start，the sooner well be there.
我們動身得越早，到那兒就越早。
A 時間從句由下列表示時間的連詞來引導：
after immediately till/until
as nosoonerthan when
as soon as since whenever
before the sooner while
hardlywhen
時間從句也可由the minute，the moment來引導。
用when，as，while的例句，參見第331節至第333節。
用before的例句，參見第195節B。
B 請留意，時間從句中不用將來時態或條件時態。
1 如將下列將來時態放入時間從句中，須將它變為一般時態。
一般將來時：
Youll be back soon.Ill stay till then.
你會很快回來，我一直等到那時。相當于：
Ill stay till you get back.
我一直等到你回來。
be going to形式：
The parachutist is going to jump.Soon after he jumps his parachute will open.
跳傘運動員要往下跳。他剛跳之后不久，降落傘就會打開。
現在進行時用做一般將來時和將來進行時：
Hes arriving/Hell be arriving at six.
他將在6點到。
但是：
When he arrives hell tell us all about the match.
等他到了，他會好好給我們講講那場比賽。
Before he arrives Ill give the children their tea.
在他來到之前，我會給孩子們吃茶點的。
如進行時態表示某一行動在繼續，則其完全可以用在表示時間的從句中：
Peter and John will be playing/are playing/are going to play tennis tonight.While they are playing(during this time)well go to the beach.
今晚彼得和約翰要去打網球。他們打球時，我們將去海濱。
2 在時間從句中，將來完成時變為現在完成時，將來完成進行時變為現在完成進行時：
Ill have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes.
我一會兒就用完浴室了。
The moment/As soon as I have finished Ill give you a call.
我一完事兒，就給你打電話。
3 在時間從句中，條件時態變為過去時態：
We knew that he would arrive/would be arriving about six.
我們知道他將在六點鐘左右到。
We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done.
我們知道在他到來之前，什么都干不了。
但是，如when引導的是一個名詞從句，后面可跟將來時態或條件時態：
He said，When will the train get in?
他說：火車什么時候進站?相當于：
He asked when the train would get in.
他問火車什么時候進站。
C since從句
since從句后面常跟完成時態：
Theyve moved house twice since they got married./Since they gotmarried，theyve moved house twice.
他們結婚后已搬了兩次家。
He said hed lived in a tent since his house burnt down.
他說自從他的房屋被燒毀后，他就一直住在帳篷里。
Its ages since I sailed/have sailed a boat.
我未駕駛帆船已有好多年了。
I havent sailed a boat since I left college.
自從我大學畢業后就沒再駕駛帆船了。
D after從句
after從句之后常跟完成時態：
After/When he had rung off I remembered
等他把電話掛斷了之后，我才想起
After/When youve finished with it，hang it up.
你用完了之后，請把它掛起來。
E hardly/scarcely when，no sooner than：
The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out.
Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.
演出剛開始就停電了。
這里可以用scarcely代替hardly，但不常見。
He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.
No sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.
他喝了咖啡沒多一會兒，就犯困了。
He no sooner earns any money than he spends it.
Immediately he earns any money he spends it.
他錢一掙到手，就花光了。
注意the soonerthe sooner的用法：
The sooner we start，the sooner well be there.
我們動身得越早，到那兒就越早。
