09年中考英語單詞分類復習策略11
09年中考英語單詞分類復習策略11
三、 常見習慣用語
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(一) 知識概要 ?
由于英語國家的語言習慣與中國的語言習慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時會講: You are so beautiful? 這時的答語應該是 Thank you? 如果外國人發現你的英語不錯,他們會講: Your English is very good? 這時中國人常常會說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習慣。它正確的答語應是 Thank you? 雖然交際英語有一些規律可講,但更重要的是學習外國的生活習慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學好一門外語。??
(二) 正誤辨析 ?
[誤] - What can I do for you??
- Yes, please help me? ?
[正] - What can I do for you??
- I'd like to buy a sweater? ?
[析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多,要根據具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應譯為:您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。?
[誤] - Which colour do you like??
- Sorry, I don't like? ?
[正] - Which colour do you like??
- I prefer blue? ?
[析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it??
[誤] Do you like to come with us tonight? ?
[正] Would you like to come with us tonight? ?
[析] Do you like 問的是對方的習慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達法還有如下幾種:?
Shall we go? 我們走吧!?
Let's go? 讓我們走吧!?
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??
What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??
Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢??
其肯定答語一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure??
[誤] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??
Not at all? ?
[正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??
Never mind? ?
[析] 介意不介意這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如:?
- Do you mind my smoking here??- _________ ?
A. Yes, do it please??
B. No, of course not??
C. Yes, take it please??
D. No, you can't take it??
這時正確的選擇應是B。 其意為:不介意,當然不。而A選項則自相矛盾了,它應譯為:是的我介意,請抽吧。而D選項是:不介意,你不能抽。當向對方爭求意見時,可以有以下問法:
Do you mind if I open the door??
Would you mind mailing the letter for me??
其答語如果是同意應為: Certainly not, not at all?
而不同意時應為 Yes, 或 I'm sorry??
[誤] What's that man??
He is Mike? ?
[正] What's that man??
He is a teacher? ?
[正] Who's that man??
He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?
[析] 由 what 提問是問的職業,由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。?
[誤] - How much are they??
- Half a kilo, please? ?
[正] - How many bananas do you want??
- Half a kilo? Please? ?
[析] How much are they? 問的是價格而不是實際物品的多少。?
[誤] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? ?
[正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park? ?
[析] I'm sorry 是對已經做錯了的事向對方道歉時的開始語。而 Excuse me? 是在打擾對方之前表達歉意的話。?
[誤] - Have a good time tonight!?
- You are the same? ?
[正] - Have a good time tonight!?
- The same to you? ?
[析] The same to you 是表達我也祝您有個愉快的夜晚,它是美語中的習慣用法。?
[誤] - What's the problem??
- I've got a headache? ?
[正] What's wrong with you??
I've got a headache? ?
[析] What's wrong with you? 是詢問對方身體狀態如何,而 What's the problem?是問對方遇到了什么麻煩。?
[誤] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??
- Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?
[正] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??
- I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?
[析] Perhaps 是表示對一種拿不準的事態的推論,如: Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 則表達一種不同意的態度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有:?
I'm afraid that you are right??
其后直接加賓語從句。?
- Will you come to my birthday party??
- I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??
其后+not,表示否定。?
- Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog??
其后+名詞,表示對某人,某物的害怕。?
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??
其后+ of + 動名詞,表示害怕做某事。?
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??
其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?
[誤] - How soon will you be ready??
- Two days? ?
[正] - How soon will you be ready??
- In two days? ?
[析] 此題關鍵是要根據情景,身臨其境,要注意的是對方問了什么,就應答什么。或答了什么就應問什么。 How soon 問的是還有多久才能作完,這時要用 in two days, 即在兩小時之內即可以作完。如用 How long 提問,則答語可以用 two days。?
[誤] - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- I don't mind??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- When exactly??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
[析] 有的對話是復雜的,稍有不慎就有可能選錯,而且英語中如選錯了答案是不容易找出錯來的。 I don't mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind這一提問的,但如仔細看一看則會發現我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時間,這樣才能與下句中具體的時間相符合。?
[誤] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Who are you? ?
[正] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Hello? This is Tom speaking? ?
[析] 在英語學習中,習慣用法實際上在某種情況,或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析,它們可能都是對的。比如,當你拿起電話時,如果你想知道對方是誰,可以問Who's that(speaking)?但不要講Who are you?如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講This is speaking而不要講I'm 也不要講My name is . 就語法而論,Who are you? I'm ?My name is ?并不錯,也是英語中可用的句子,但就打電話這一場合,就不宜用了。?
[誤] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I don't hope so? ?
[正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I hope not? ?
[析] 由于初學者對實際英語口語中表達感情意愿的答語不熟悉,如在肯定答語中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的,但在否定句中卻常用 I don't think so? 但I don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 則意為:我不信此事和我不希望此事發生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 則為:我想可能不會發生吧!?
[誤] - Is anybody there??
- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
[正] - Is everybody there??
- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
[析] 許多學生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時總要語法在前,而不是習慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為:這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為:全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave??
[誤] - Your handwriting is very good!?
- No, my handwriting is very poor? ?
[正] - Your handwriting is very good!?
- Thank you? ?
[析] 中國人遇到別人稱贊,總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認為自信是美德。所以當別人夸獎你或贊美你時,就應說: Thank you? 又比如中國人見面時常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認為你過多的干預別人的私生活了。而他們見面時往往問一些無關緊要的話,如: Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 則被認為是較正規的問候語,在日常生活中則十分少見。?
[誤] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: Excuse me? I'll go first? ?
[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: Excuse me? I have to go? ?
[析] 這兩句答語都是正確的,其關鍵不是語法,而是習慣問題。如果在這樣的場合你講 I'll go first? 朋友們會迷惑不解,而 I have to go? 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去,而你本人則十分不愿做此事。?
[誤] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to, and I'm too busy? ?
[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to, but I'm too busy? ?
[析] I'm too busy? 與 I'd like to? 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉折連詞。這里考查了對詞義合乎邏輯的表達能力。所以要強調語言環境,更要強調在語言的基礎上的詞語辨析。?
[誤] - Where's Deter??
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
[正] - Where's Deter??
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的,所以應用 may 來表達一個不肯定的事件。?
[誤] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Great? You look well too? ?
[正] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Thanks? You look well too? ?
[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆,而 Thanks 則表示感謝對方的稱贊。?所以對情景談話要有準確的判定,要根據情景,身臨其境,上下對照,周密思考,弄清場合,注意英美人的風俗習慣,注重語義上的詞語辨析,并要進行大量的語言實踐練習,擴大實際交際能力。??
(三) 例題解析 ?
1? - Would you like to have some rice??
- _________ .?
A? Yes, I like B? Yes, please C? of course D? Yes, I have
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 當對方對你發出邀請的問語時,如果你想接受則講 Yes, please? 如不想接受則用No, thanks??
2? - Nice to see you?
?- _________ .?
A? Good morning B? Happy to meet you, too ?
C? Nice to see you, too D? Pleased to meet you, too
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 雖然A、B、D三個選項都可以作為某種問候語的答語,但英語中問候語的答語多用重復對方的話,以表達同樣的心情。?
3? - Would you please give me some water??
- _________ .?
A? Yes, I would B? Certainly C? No, thanks D? Yes, please
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 當對方發出十分禮貌的請求幫助的問語時,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes, please? 為是的,您請做某事吧。這一含意顯然不對。?
4? - Thank you very much for helping me??
- _________ .?
A? You're welcome B? It doesn't matter
C? No need D? Don't say that
?
[答案] A.?
[析] You're welcome 譯為中文為:不用謝。而 It doesn't matter 則為:沒關系。?
5? - Hello, Lucy? How are you??
- _________ And you??
A? Fine, thanks B? Yes, I am
C? Glad to meet you D? Good afternoon
?
[答案] A.?
[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所問非所答。所以對 How are you? 的答語應為很好,謝謝!?
6? - Help yourself to some meat??
- _________ ?
A? It sounds nice. B? Yes, please. ?
C? Yes, Let's help each other. D? Thank you.
?
[答案] D.?
[析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意為主人勸客人不要客氣,像在家里一樣。?
7? - Oh, I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??
- _________ ?
A? Fine, How are you? B? Never mind? Take care ?
C? Well, I 'm sure to get weel soon. D? I'm sorry to hear that?
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 這是美國、英國的習慣用語,而B、 C則是中國人常講的答語。?
8? - Meimei you speak English very well??
- _________ .?
A? No, I don't think so B? Thank you very much?
C? Not good enough D? That's all right
?
[答案] B.?
9? - Kate, could you answer the telephone, please??
- _________ , Mum? I'll get it.?
A? Yes, I could B? No, thanks ?
C? O?K? D? Yes, but I have no time
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 要注意 could 用于口語中是為了講話的口氣委婉,但它不是過去時態,也不是助動詞,而應看作情態動詞。所以在答語中則不應這樣用。?
10? - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??
- _________ ?
A? No, thanks. B? With pleasure. ?
C? I'm not afraid. D? I'm sure you will.
?
[答案] B.?
[析] With pleasure? 是英語中的一句十分客氣的答語,用在當對方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時,表達自己十分樂意為對方效力的口氣。?
11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster, please??
- _________ ?
A? Hold on, please. B? That's the headmaster, please. ?
C? Who are you ? please. D? Sorry? I'm not the headmaster.
?
[答案] A.?
