初中英語語法網絡圖2
初中英語語法網絡圖2
III. 零冠詞的用法:
1 專有名詞,物質名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3 季節,月份,星期,節假日,一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4 表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前 Lincoln was made President of America.
5 學科,語言,球類,棋類名詞前 He likes playing football/chess.
6 與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land
7 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的復數名詞前 Horses are useful animals.
三.代詞:
I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類:
1 人稱代詞 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
賓格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2 物主代詞 形容詞性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3 反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4 指示代詞 this, that, these, those, such, some
5 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6 關系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7 不定代詞 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
II. 不定代詞用法注意點:
1. one, some與any:
1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,復數為ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don't have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑問句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復,或者表示建議,請求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修飾可數名詞單數時,some表示某個,any表示任何一個。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和數詞連用表示大約,any可與比較級連用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each強調個別,代表的數可以是兩個或兩個以上,而every強調整體,所指的數必須是三個或三個以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no:
no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語,代替不可數名詞,謂語用單數,代替可數名詞,謂語單復數皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指另外的,別的常與其他詞連用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指兩者中的另外一個,復數為the others。如:
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指又一個,另一個無所指,復數形式是others,泛指別的人或事如:
I don't like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可數名詞時,其謂語動詞用單數。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.
四.形容詞和副詞
I. 形容詞:
1. 形容詞的位置:
1) 形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況后置:
1 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時 nobody absent, everything possible
2 以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possible
3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake
4 和空間、時間、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
2) 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:
代詞 數詞 性狀形容詞
冠詞前的形容詞 冠詞
指示代詞
不定代詞
代詞所有格 序數詞 基數詞 性質
狀態 大小
長短
形狀 新舊
溫度 顏色 國籍
產地 材料
質地 名詞
all
both
such the
a
this
another
your second
next one
four beautiful
good
poor large
short
square new
cool black
yellow Chinese
London silk
stone
3) 復合形容詞的構成:
1 形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 6 名詞+形容詞 world-famous
2 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue 7 名詞+現在分詞 peace-loving
3 形容詞+現在分詞 ordinary-looking 8 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered
4 副詞+現在分詞 hard-working 9 數詞+名詞+ed three-egged
5 副詞+過去分詞 newly-built 10 數詞+名詞 twenty-year
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初中英語語法網絡圖2
III. 零冠詞的用法:
1 專有名詞,物質名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3 季節,月份,星期,節假日,一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4 表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前 Lincoln was made President of America.
5 學科,語言,球類,棋類名詞前 He likes playing football/chess.
6 與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land
7 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的復數名詞前 Horses are useful animals.
三.代詞:
I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類:
1 人稱代詞 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
賓格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2 物主代詞 形容詞性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3 反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4 指示代詞 this, that, these, those, such, some
5 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6 關系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7 不定代詞 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
II. 不定代詞用法注意點:
1. one, some與any:
1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,復數為ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don't have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑問句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復,或者表示建議,請求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修飾可數名詞單數時,some表示某個,any表示任何一個。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和數詞連用表示大約,any可與比較級連用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each強調個別,代表的數可以是兩個或兩個以上,而every強調整體,所指的數必須是三個或三個以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no:
no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語,代替不可數名詞,謂語用單數,代替可數名詞,謂語單復數皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指另外的,別的常與其他詞連用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指兩者中的另外一個,復數為the others。如:
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指又一個,另一個無所指,復數形式是others,泛指別的人或事如:
I don't like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可數名詞時,其謂語動詞用單數。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.
四.形容詞和副詞
I. 形容詞:
1. 形容詞的位置:
1) 形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況后置:
1 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時 nobody absent, everything possible
2 以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possible
3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake
4 和空間、時間、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
2) 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:
代詞 數詞 性狀形容詞
冠詞前的形容詞 冠詞
指示代詞
不定代詞
代詞所有格 序數詞 基數詞 性質
狀態 大小
長短
形狀 新舊
溫度 顏色 國籍
產地 材料
質地 名詞
all
both
such the
a
this
another
your second
next one
four beautiful
good
poor large
short
square new
cool black
yellow Chinese
London silk
stone
3) 復合形容詞的構成:
1 形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 6 名詞+形容詞 world-famous
2 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue 7 名詞+現在分詞 peace-loving
3 形容詞+現在分詞 ordinary-looking 8 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered
4 副詞+現在分詞 hard-working 9 數詞+名詞+ed three-egged
5 副詞+過去分詞 newly-built 10 數詞+名詞 twenty-year
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