一周熱詞回顧（1.16-1.24)
一周資訊熱詞榜，一網(wǎng)打盡trending news。CHINADAILY手機報新一期熱詞榜發(fā)榜啦！
本周的資訊熱詞有：
1.習(xí)近平主席談'中阿友誼'
2.全國多地迎霸王級'寒潮'
3.三千萬男性陷'光棍危機'
4.央行稱將推出'數(shù)字貨幣'
5.猴年'春晚吉祥物'被批丑
6.反腐倡廉要謹防'貪內(nèi)助'
7.'霧霾津貼'可不可以有？
8.'地鐵圖書館'16萬人暢讀
1. 中阿友誼
China-Arab friendship
Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (R front) taste traditional Arab coffee during his visit to the Murabba' Palace, named after its square form of 400 by 400 meters in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Jan 20, 2023. [Photo/Xinhua]
請看例句：
For six decades, China-Arab friendship and cooperation have undergone historic transformation and we have gained much valuable experience.
60年來，中阿友好合作實現(xiàn)了歷史性跨越，也積累了許多寶貴經(jīng)驗。
19日，在對埃及進行國事訪問之際，國家主席習(xí)近平在埃及《金字塔報》發(fā)表題為《讓中阿友誼如尼羅河水奔涌向前》(let China-Arab friendship surge forward like the Nile)的署名文章。文章開篇，習(xí)近平就對此次訪問提出了這樣的期待：我將同埃及和阿拉伯朋友共敘友情(renew friendship)、共商合作、共話發(fā)展(discuss cooperation and development)，期待此訪成為一次友誼之旅、合作之旅、共贏之旅(a trip of friendship, cooperation and mutual benefit)。
習(xí)近平在文章中，這樣談到中埃關(guān)系的歷史：中國和埃及同為文明古國(ancient civilization)，兩國人民友好交往(friendly exchanges between our peoples)追溯久遠(date back to antiquity)。近代以來(in the modern times)，中埃兩國人民在反殖民、反霸權(quán)的斗爭中(in the fight against colonialism and hegemony)同聲相應(yīng)、同氣相求(have stood together)。
文章提出了中阿合作四點主張：中阿要做自主發(fā)展道路的實踐者(pursue independent paths of development)，世上沒有包治百病的萬能靈藥(there is no panacea in the world)，也沒有普世皆準的發(fā)展模式(nor a universal model for development)；中阿要做地區(qū)和平的捍衛(wèi)者(defend regional peace)；中阿要做互利合作的推動者(carry out mutually beneficial cooperation)；中阿要做文明多樣性的倡導(dǎo)者(advocate cultural diversity)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
地區(qū)風(fēng)云變幻 changing regional landscapes
局部動蕩 regional turmoil
合作共贏 win-win cooperation
民族復(fù)興 national renewal
民族振興 national rejuvenation
經(jīng)濟援助 economic assistance
文明多樣性 cultural diversity
國情 national conditions
發(fā)展道路 development path
改革動力 momentum for reform
2. 寒潮
cold snap, cold front
Photo taken on Jan 21, 2023 shows the snow scenery in Nanjing, capital of East China's Jiangsu province. The city saw a snowfall on Wednesday evening. [Photo/Xinhua]
請看例句：
Many parts of China are forecast to experience their lowest temperatures in decades over the weekend, with heavy snowstorms expected to persist in eastern and central areas. Internet users have called the cold front a "bossy cold wave" for its strength and reach.
根據(jù)預(yù)報，本周末，我國多地將迎來數(shù)十年來最低溫，預(yù)計華東、華中地區(qū)將有持續(xù)暴雪天氣。此次寒潮影響范圍廣、威力大，因此網(wǎng)民稱之為"霸王級寒潮"。
人們通常用cold snap、cold wave、cold front、cold spell來表達寒潮。所謂寒潮，是指來自高緯度(high latitude)地區(qū)的冷空氣(cold air)，在特定的天氣形勢下迅速加強并向中低緯度地區(qū)侵入，造成沿途地區(qū)劇烈降溫(steep drop in temperatures)、大風(fēng)和雨雪天氣，多發(fā)生在秋末、冬季、初春時節(jié)。
中央氣象臺(the National Meteorological Center)22日6時繼續(xù)發(fā)布寒潮黃色預(yù)警(issue a yellow alert for a strong cold front)。寒潮來襲，各地市政部門也紛紛采取防范措施(take precautions)。安徽、浙江、江西部分地區(qū)中小學(xué)校已經(jīng)提前放寒假(start winter holiday ahead of schedule)；江西省內(nèi)多處景區(qū)(scenic areas)暫時關(guān)閉(be temporarily closed)。浙江省民政廳則緊急部署，救助流浪乞討人員(homeless vagrants)，已開放避災(zāi)臨時安置場所(temporary shelters)8900多家。
地方農(nóng)業(yè)部門(agricultural authorities)則提醒農(nóng)民增施有機肥(add organic fertilizers)，以防止莊稼和蔬菜受凍害(keep crops and vegetables from being damaged by frost)，并加強溫室管理(reinforce plastic greenhouses)。部分省份的電力公司(electricity companies)已出臺應(yīng)急計劃(have made emergency plans)，對關(guān)鍵設(shè)備除冰(remove ice from key facilities)。
極端天氣也令不少地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了市民排長隊搶貨的場景。杭州、合肥等地都出現(xiàn)了市民大量囤貨"備戰(zhàn)"極端天氣(stock up on supplies ahead of extreme weather conditions)的情況，超市貨架上的蔬菜被搶購一空(supermarket shelves are emptied of vegetables)，超市工作人員不斷補貨。專家稱，此次寒潮的持續(xù)時間較短(the cold period will be shorter)，造成類似于2008年南方冰雪災(zāi)害的可能性不大。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
暴風(fēng)雪 blizzard
冰雹 hail
雨夾雪 sleet
冷氣團 cold air mass
集中供暖 central heating
作物損失 crop loss
停電 power failure, blackout
停課 suspend school, halt lessons
四色分級天氣預(yù)警制度 four-tier color-coded weather warning system
3. 光棍危機
bachelor crisis
請看例句：
The ratio of male to female births in China has decreased for seven years in a row, but it is still likely that more than 30m males will have to stay single, according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics. These statistics highlight the country's bachelor crisis.
國家統(tǒng)計局數(shù)據(jù)顯示，盡管我國男女出生人口性別比連續(xù)七年下降，仍有3000多萬男性人口將"打光棍"。這些數(shù)據(jù)凸顯了我國的光棍危機。
一般來說，造成一個國家和地區(qū)的性別比失衡(unbalanced sex ratio)有兩大主要原因：移民和出生性別比失衡。由于移民比例很小，中國人口性別比失衡的根本原因是出生性別比(sex ratio at birth)失衡。正常自然情況下的出生性別比(the biologically natural sex ratios at birth)一般介于103和107之間(range from 103 to 107 boys for every 100 girls)。
國家衛(wèi)計委在2023年初表示，目前中國出生性別比整體水平依然偏高，其后果已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)(adverse effects are already showing)，風(fēng)險進一步擴大(risk is further expanding)。"婚姻擠出"(marriage squeeze)很形象地顯示了性別比失衡(gender imbalance)對婚姻的影響——原本相對穩(wěn)定平衡的婚姻市場(marriage market)因為多出數(shù)千萬男性變得擁擠，使得多出的男性被擠壓出去，被迫成為光棍(bachelor)。
男女比例失衡亦會引起就業(yè)性別擠壓(increase the imbalance of genders in the workplace)，男性勞動力過剩(surplus male labor)會增強勞動力就業(yè)市場的競爭(intensify the competition in the labor job market)，加大女性就業(yè)難度(increase the difficulty for women to get a job)。男性人口過剩(large surplus male population)還容易滋生各種社會犯罪現(xiàn)象，可能會給社會穩(wěn)定造成威脅(pose a threat to social stability)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
適婚年齡 marriageable age
人口出生率 fertility rate
中老年未婚女子 spinster
剩男 leftover men
4. 數(shù)字貨幣
digital currency/money
The headquarters of the People's Bank of China in Beijing. [Photo by Shi Yan/China Daily]
請看例句：
China's central bank on Wednesday announced that it will try to issue digital currency "as soon as possible."
央行20日宣布，將爭取早日推出數(shù)字貨幣。
"數(shù)字貨幣"(digital currency/money)是電子貨幣形式的替代貨幣。它不同于虛擬世界中的虛擬貨幣(virtual money)，因為它能被用于真實的商品和服務(wù)交易，而不局限在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲中。
央行指出，發(fā)行數(shù)字貨幣可以降低傳統(tǒng)紙幣(traditional paper money)發(fā)行、流通的高昂成本，提升經(jīng)濟交易活動的便利性和透明度(boost convenience and transparency of economic activities)，減少洗錢(money laundering)、逃漏稅(tax evasions)等違法犯罪行為，提升央行對貨幣供給和貨幣流通的控制力，更好地支持經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展，助力普惠金融(inclusive finance)的全面實現(xiàn)。
在現(xiàn)有的數(shù)字貨幣中，最受關(guān)注的莫過于比特幣(bitcoin)。不過分析人士表示，比特幣等現(xiàn)有的數(shù)字貨幣，和央行所提的法定數(shù)字貨幣還是有很大區(qū)別的。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
虛擬貨幣 virtual currency/money
電子貨幣 electronic currency/money
加密貨幣 cryptocurrency
比特幣 bitcoin
紙幣 banknote
硬幣 coin
現(xiàn)金 cash
5. 春晚吉祥物
Spring Festival Gala mascot
腦洞大開！春晚吉祥物丑哭網(wǎng)友
韓美林設(shè)計原稿基礎(chǔ)上完善后的整體立體效果
請看例句： China Central Television's Spring Festival Gala revealed Kangkang the monkey, as the official mascot for its 2023 gala on its Weibo account. But the 3D version of Kangkang was criticized by netizens as "too ugly".
央視春晚官方微博近日公布2023年猴年春晚吉祥物"康康"。但立體版"康康"的造型被不少網(wǎng)友批"丑到哭"。
"康康"的設(shè)計原稿(original design)由國家一級美術(shù)師、北京奧運會吉祥物"福娃"的創(chuàng)作者韓美林設(shè)計，以中國傳統(tǒng)水墨畫(traditional Chinese ink painting)的藝術(shù)形式，生動表現(xiàn)出"猴"的機靈活潑(quick-witted and lively)的特點。但換成立體效果圖后，"康康"賣萌的拳頭變成了兩個大肉瘤，奇特的造型引發(fā)網(wǎng)友吐槽。
央視春晚(Spring Festival gala, lunar New Year's Eve gala)從2023年開始，以十二生肖為原型(based on the Chinese zodiac)推出"春晚吉祥物"(Spring Festival Gala mascot)，當年的吉祥物諧羊年之音，取名"陽陽"，是33年春晚歷史上第一次設(shè)立吉祥物(the first mascot in 33 years of history in Spring Festival Gala)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
天干 Heavenly Stems
地支 Earthly Branches
孫悟空 Monkey King
騙人的把戲 monkey business
農(nóng)歷 lunar calendar
正月 the 1st month of the lunar year
臘月 the 12th month of the lunar year
6. 貪內(nèi)助
corrupt spouse
請看例句：
"Corrupt spouse" has already become a noticeable phenomenon in a number of cases involving corrupted government officials. The spouses of officials found to be involved in corruption have often helped their partners take bribes, or take advantage of their spouses' positions to make illegal profits.
在許多涉及貪腐官員的案件中，"貪內(nèi)助"已成為一個引人注目的現(xiàn)象。這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的配偶被曝牽涉貪污腐敗，通常助其配偶收受賄賂，或利用配偶職務(wù)之便牟取不法利益。
正是認識到"貪內(nèi)助"對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的消極影響(negative influence)，許多年以來，有關(guān)部門一直重視對"內(nèi)助"們(officials' spouses)的反腐倡廉建設(shè)。
媒體近日報道，廈門市公安局組織近期新提任的22名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部攜配偶(22 newly promoted officials and their spouses)走進廈門市黨風(fēng)廉政教育基地，共同接受反腐倡廉警示教育(anti-corruption awareness education)。配偶們參觀后深有觸動，紛紛表示今后要積極做好"廉內(nèi)助"和"監(jiān)督員"。此外，關(guān)鍵還是要給官員配偶立規(guī)矩(make rules)，防止她們?yōu)E用權(quán)力(abuse of power)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
反腐 anti-corruption
權(quán)錢交易 trade between money and power
親緣腐敗 immediate family corruption
公款吃喝 banquets using public funds
官商勾結(jié) collusion among officials and businessmen
腐敗官員 corrupt officials
7. 霧霾津貼
smog subsidy
請看例句：
Some 95% of respondents to a survey support a "smog subsidy" for those who work outdoors on smoggy days.
在近日進行的一項調(diào)查中，約95%的受訪者支持向霧霾天從事戶外作業(yè)的勞動者發(fā)放"霧霾津貼"。
該調(diào)查是由河南鄭州總工會(Trade Union in Zhengzhou)官方微信發(fā)起的，近400人參與調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，53%認為"霧霾津貼"應(yīng)由政府和企業(yè)共同買單(jointly pay the bill)；44%認為應(yīng)該由中央和地方(central and regional governments)財政補貼。
不過有9%的受訪者認為，所有人都受到空氣污染(air pollution)的影響，因此，只有從事戶外作業(yè)的勞動者享受"霧霾津貼"有失公平(unfair)。
對于"霧霾津貼怎么發(fā)"的問題，超過一半的受訪者(over half of respondents)力挺應(yīng)采用防霾工具(protective tools)和現(xiàn)金(cash)發(fā)放相結(jié)合的形式；22%的受訪者認為直接發(fā)錢最簡單(money is the easiest way)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
霧霾 smog
防霾口罩 anti-pollution mask
空氣末日 airpocalypse
霧霾費 smog fee
空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù) Air Quality Index, AQI
霧霾險 smog insurance
大氣污染防治 air pollution prevention and control
8. 地鐵圖書館
Subway Library
請看例句：
Since Beijing launched its Subway Library project a year ago, 40 good books have been recommended to the public through this way and nearly 160,000 commuters have read the books through their mobile devices.
北京啟動"地鐵圖書館"項目一年來，已向公眾推薦了40本優(yōu)秀讀物，近16萬通勤者通過移動設(shè)備閱讀了推薦圖書。
地鐵圖書館是北京京港地鐵公司和國家圖書館合作推出的大型公益項目(public welfare program)，旨在依托地鐵這一公共交通出行平臺(the platform of public transportation)，開放國家圖書館的部分優(yōu)質(zhì)圖書資源(qualified book resources)，讓乘客在日常出行中多一個閱讀的平臺和場所。乘客掃描車廂內(nèi)的二維碼(scan the QR code)，可免費在線閱讀圖書。 國家圖書館副館長魏大威表示，希望該項目能增加公共設(shè)施的人文氣息(help increase the public facilities' cultural atmosphere)，讓閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)成為大眾生活中的常態(tài)(be alive in people's daily lives)。
[相關(guān)詞匯]
目錄 catalogue
借書臺 delivery desk, circulation desk
借書單 call slip
借出 check out
過期并交罰款 overdue and pay a fine
