2024高考英語人教版一輪學案：必修一 Unit4 Earthquakes

　　Unit4　Earthquakes

　　1、rescue n．&vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1) The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.

　　(2) The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.

　　(3) Michael rescued a boy from drowning.

　　根據語義找匹配：A. 營救　B. 救援

　　(1) A　(2) B　(3) A

　　rescue sb. / sth. from sb. / sp. 把……從……營救出來

　　come to/ go to sb.'s rescue ＝ rescue sb. 援救某人

　　a rescue team 救援隊

　　a rescue mission 救援任務

　　rescue workers 救援人員用rescue的適當形式填空

　　(1) The mother, along with her two children, has been rescued from the sinking boat by a passing ship.

　　(2) The firemen rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.

　　2、judge n．&vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1) His father used to be a judge.

　　(2) She's a good judge of wine.

　　(3) He was one of the judge in the final.

　　(4) Don't judge a man by his looks.

　　根據語義找匹配：

　　A. 判斷　B. 鑒賞家　C. 法官　D. 裁判

　　(1) C　(2) B　(3) D　(4) A

　　judge sb. / sth. by/from 通過……判斷……

　　judging from/by… 從……來看， 根據……判斷

　　judge between right and wrong 判斷是非

　　in one's judgement 依某人看；依某人判斷as far as I judge 在我看來

　　Don't judge a book by its cover. 不可憑外表作出判斷。

　　judging from/by…是一個獨立成分句型，一般地說，它只用其v.-ing形式作狀語。

　　Judging from the sky, it's likely to rain. 從天空中看，天好像要下雨了。用與judge相關的詞匯填空

　　(1)Judging from his appearance, he must be a rich man.

　　(2)In her judgment， he must be from the south.

　　3、ruin vt.&n.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1) The hurricane ruined all the houses here.

　　(2) He ruined his prospects by carelessness.

　　(3)After the earthquake, all the buildings in the city were in ruins.

　　根據語義找匹配：A. 斷送　B. 摧毀　C. 廢墟

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　be in ruins 呈一片廢墟

　　fall into ruin 變成廢墟

　　come to ruin 毀滅，落空

　　ruin oneself 自我毀滅

　　bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅ruin/damage/destroy

　　ruin 指徹底摧毀一件事物，特別是美好、珍貴的事物，并使其無法修復；

　　damage主要用于無生命的東西，常指對價值和功能的損壞，可修復；

　　destroy意為“毀壞，消滅”，指不可修復的破壞。

　　根據語境使用ruin的正確形式填空

　　We visited the ruins of Yuanmingyuan last summer. It was ruined by the foreign invaders. Seeing the ruined palace we feel very pitiful.

　　4、 injure vt.

　　根據語境猜詞義

　　(1) They were slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash.

　　(2) This could seriously injure the school's reputation. 根據語義找匹配：A. 受傷　B. 損害

　　(1) A　(2) B

　　injured adj. 受傷的

　　injury n. 傷口，受傷處

　　do an injury to sb. 傷害某人

　　an injured look / expression 一副委屈的樣子/神色

　　injured pride / feelings 受傷的自尊/感情 wound/harm/hurt/injure/spoil

　　wound 指利器或子彈對肉體造成的傷害。

　　In the modern war, not many soldiers were wounded or killed.

　　harm 指無形的傷害，“對……有害”。常指傷及一個人的健康、權利、事業等。

　　Don't often listen to the loud music. It will harm your hearing. hurt (肉體或精神上的)傷害；(身體部位)感到疼，強調疼痛。

　　Your words really hurt him a lot.

　　It hurts me to think that so many people died in the flood.

　　injure 常指各種性質的身體上或精神上的傷害。多指事故中人或物的損傷，包括容貌、生理、身體等。

　　He fell from the second floor and was badly injured/hurt. spoil vt. 強調“元氣上、價值上、或活力上的損壞”，也指日常生活中的某事“不順利，碰釘子”。

　　Postcards always spoil my holidays.

　　明信片老是破壞我的假期。

　　巧記：根據語境用injure的恰當形式填空

　　(1)Most people protect themselves from injury to their self-esteem, for they think if their self-esteem was injured greatly, they will feel

　　injured. 單項填空

　　()(2) My chest ______ when I make a deep breath, doctor.

　　A. harms

　　B. wounds

　　C. hurts

　　D. injures

　　C　考查動詞詞義辨析。根據語境：我在深呼吸時會胸痛。其后沒有賓語，只能用不及物動詞hurt，所以答案是C。

　　5、the number of ＋ n．(pl.)

　　The_number_of the students standing outside is about twenty.

　　站在外面的學生的數目大約是20。the number of ＋ n．(pl.)表示“……的數量”。作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。表示數量的多少，用large和small, 不用many和few。如：

　　表示“許多”的短語

　　(1)a large / great/ good number of

　　a great many

　　a good few / quite a few ＋ n. (復數)

　　(作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式)(2)many a

　　more than one ＋ n. (單數)

　　(作主語，謂語動詞用單數第三人稱形式)

　　(3)a great/ good deal of

　　quite a little＋ n. (不可數名詞)

　　(作主語，謂語動詞用單數第三人稱形式)(4)a large amount of

　　large amounts of ＋ n. (不可數名詞)

　　(作主語，謂語動詞根據amount的單復數決定)

　　(5)a large quantity of

　　large quantities of ＋ n. (復數)或＋ n. (不可數名詞)

　　(作主語，謂語動詞根據quantity 的數決定)the number of / a number of

　　a number of＋可數名詞，意為“許多的、大量的……”，其后的謂語動詞用復數；

　　the number of＋可數名詞，意為“……的數目”， 其后的謂語動詞用單數。單項填空

　　()(1) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since 2009.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　C　考查主謂一致和時態。主語是 the number of foreign students, 故謂語動詞用單數，又因時間狀語是since 2009，所以用完成時態。

　　() (2) With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.

　　A. is washing away

　　B. is being washed away

　　C. are washing away

　　D. are being washed away

　　D　考查主謂一致。quantities of后既可接不可數名詞，也可接可數名詞，其謂語動詞根據quantity的數確定，所以答案是D。() (3) Good amounts of sleep every night______ also important for your health.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　B　考查主謂一致和時態。amounts of 后只接不可數名詞，作主語時謂語動詞和amount的數保持一致，由于其時間是every night，要用一般現在時，所以答案是B。6、at an end

　　(1) Be patient, his speech will be at_an_end soon.

　　(2) The war was finally at_an_end. 根據語境，at an end意思是：

　　_________________________________________

　　_______________________________

　　at an end ＝ finished結束，終止(常作表語)at the end of 在……盡頭(末)(指時間和空間)

　　by the end of 到……末為止(與過去完成時連用)

　　in the end 最后，終于

　　at a loose end 無所事事，處于雜亂狀態

　　make ends meet 收支相抵

　　come to an end結束(用作謂語)

　　draw to an end 接近尾聲

　　bring…to an end使……終止

　　put an end to 使……終止用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空

　　(1)How many English words have you learned by the end of last term?

　　(2)He became an outstanding doctor in the end.

　　(3)My uncle will fly to China at the end of this year. 你知道這道題的正確答案是什么嗎？為什么？

　　()They walked and walked until they came ______ the end of the stream.

　　A. at

　　B. by

　　C. in

　　D. to

　　D　首先我們知道by the end of后不跟地點；in the end是一個獨立使用的短語；雖然at the end of 后接地點，但它所表示的是“在……的盡頭或末尾”，表示狀態。而本題的語境所表示的是“來到了溪流的盡頭”，所以答案是D。

　　7、In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(P26)

　　農家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。(1)too…to…太……以至不能……

　　The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box.

　　這男孩太虛弱，舉不起那個重箱子。

　　(2)當too…to…跟少數形容詞(如ready，glad，pleased，apt，willing，inclined，eager, easy, satisfied等)搭配時，不定式無否定意義。

　　He is too ready to promise. 他輕于許諾。

　　Beginners are too apt to make mistakes. 初學者極易出錯。

　　(3)too…to…的否定形式not too…to…的意思是“不是太……而不能”。

　　He is not too young to dress himself.

　　他不是小得連衣服都不會穿。

　　It is never too old to learn. 活到老，學到老。

　　(4)cannot(或can never)…too/enough…表示“怎么……也不會過分”、“越……越好”的含義。

　　One cannot be careful enough in making the decision as it was such a critical case. 因為這是一個如此重要的問題，所以在做出決定時無論怎樣謹慎都不過分。

　　I can't thank you too much for giving me so much help.

　　我對你給予我那么大的幫助感激不盡。

　　8、It seemed as_if the world was at an end! (P26)

　　世界似乎到了末日！

　　當as if引導從句時，我們一定要根據語境判斷語義是否符合客觀實際，符合客觀實際就用陳述語氣，即：該用什么時態就用什么時態；不符合客觀實際就用虛擬語氣，即：

　　as if ＋ 主語 ＋ had done sth. (從句謂語動詞發生在過去)

　　did / were (從句謂語動詞發生在現在)

　　would do sth. (從句謂語動詞發生在將來)巧記：

　　had done　did/ were　would do

　　之前　謂語動詞　之后(1)

　　as if/as though (似乎是，好像是)的功能

　　① 引導表語從句，常和動詞look / seem 連用：

　　She looks as if she were ten years younger.

　　她看上去好像年輕了10歲。

　　It seems as if our team is going to win.

　　好像我們隊會贏。

　　② 引導方式狀語從句：

　　He treated her as if she were his daughter.

　　他對待她好像是自己的女兒。(2)

　　as if (as though)可用于省略句中：as if 引導的從句常可省略主語和系動詞，這樣其后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞(如文中例句)。

　　He acts as if (he were)a fool / mad.

　　他做事像個傻子 / 像瘋了一樣。

　　Tom raised his hands as if (he were going) to say something. 湯姆舉起手好像要說什么。 根據漢語提示完成句子

　　(1) There are masses of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it is going to (將要) rain.

　　(2) He talked as if he had known (知曉) everything in the world. (1)is going to　從“天空中烏云密布”，我們就可以判斷出天要下雨的可能性相當大，所以我們用陳述語氣，因是客觀推測的將來，所以答案是is going to。

　　(2) had known　從語境：他說起話來就好像他窮知世界一切似的。“窮知世界”這是不可能的，所以我們要使用虛擬語氣。根據本句語境know的動作應發生在talk之前，所以用had known。

　　9、All hope was not lost. (P26)

　　并不是所有的希望都破滅了。

　　All the students do not know how to deal with the problem.

　　＝Not_all the students know how to deal with the problem.

　　并非所有的學生都知道如何解決個問題。1.all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容詞與否定詞not連用時，一般都表示部分否定。

　　巧記：

　　只要表示“全體”意義的詞與否定詞連用，都是部分否定。2.如果句子中出現下列詞或短語則該句為全部否定：

　　none of＋n./pro.;

　　neither＋n./pro.;

　　no＋n.;

　　nothing; nobody; neither; never; nowhere; neither…nor等。翻譯句子

　　(1) 并非這兩個學生都喜歡這個故事。

　　Both of the students don't like the story.

　　(2) 這兩個學生都不喜歡這個故事。

　　Neither of the students likes the story. ()1. (2006·全國Ⅰ)Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.

　　A. damaged

　　B. injured

　　C. hit

　　D. struckTwo-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. (P26)

　　B　本題考查動詞詞義辨析。damage指“破壞，損壞”；injure使……(肉體)受傷；hit擊中，打中；strike指“擊打，敲打”。句意為：Mike不能踢球是因為他的腿受傷了。故hurt符合要求。()2. (2006·全國Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.

　　A. was happening

　　B. happens

　　C. has happened

　　D. happenedIt seems as_if the world was at an end! (P26)

　　D　考查虛擬語氣的用法。as if仿佛，好像，其后的從句可出現虛擬語氣。句意為：Eliza清楚地記得每一件事，仿佛它是昨天發生的！句中remembers為一般現在時，故as if從句中用一般過去時來表示虛擬語氣。