2024屆江蘇宿遷宿豫中學高考英語專題復習精練：閱讀理解（10）
閱讀理解（10）
A
When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (確保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in very country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to slove common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
1. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?
A. By solving the cost problems.
B. By solving the transportation problems.
C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
2. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?
A. Providing food is vital.
B. Learning to fish is helpful.
C. Teaching skills is essential.
D. Looking after other is important.
3. The second paragraph is developed mainly________.
A. by exampleB. by process
C. by comparison
D. by contrast
4. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?
A. A medical team.
B. An exchange program.
C. A water plant.
D. Financial support.
5. What can we infer about international aid from the passage?
A. It is facing difficulties.
B. It is unnecessary during normal times.
C. It should be given in the form of materials.
D. It has gained support from developed countries.
[文章大意] 本文是一篇議論文。作者在文章中闡述了自己對國際援助的看法：授人以魚，不如授人以漁。
1．C。考查細節理解。從第一段的最后一句可知，聯合國組織可以建立樂于奉獻的團體，然后通過他們及時把救助品分發給那些受災的人。所以選C項。
2．C。考查推理判斷。畫線句子的意思是”授人以魚，不如授人以漁”，這句話告訴我們：教會別人技能非常重要。所以選C項。
3．A。考查寫作手法。作者在第二段先引用一句諺語，然后通過例子來闡述。由此可以推斷第二段是通過舉例子開展的。所以選A項。
4．D。考查推理判斷。第二段提到了多種援助的形式，如：分享在農業、醫學和衛星等方面的技術；建設純凈水廠；建學校；交流學生。由第二段最后一句可知，以上的援助形式能夠發揮真正的作用，故選D。
5．A。考查推理判斷。從文章最后一段最后一句可知，從長遠看，真正有效的國際援助形式是分享知識。其他形式的援助只能解一時的困難。所以選A項。
B
EP Portable Heater
We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world,
the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.
The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.
The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, you'll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.
The advanced EP also heats the room
evenly,_wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
The EP comes with a 3-year warranty (保修) and a 60-day, no questions asked, satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied,
return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.
Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that,
we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.
Take action right now!
6. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A. The heat of the EP.
B. The safety of the EP.
C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP.
7. From the passage,
we can learn that the EP________.
A. doesn't burn up oxygen
B. runs without any noise
C. makes people get sleepy
D. is unsuitable for children and pets
8. The underlined word
“evenly” in Paragraph 4
probably means________.
A. continuously
B. separately
C. quickly
D. equally
9. The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A. persuade people to buy the product
B. advise people to save on heating bills
C. report the new development of portable heaters
D. compare the functions of different heater brands
[文章大意] 無可比擬的高強性能，無與倫比的優質服務，無法想象的價格優惠，一款新型便攜式加熱器驚艷亮相！機不可失，失不再來，心動不如行動，此時不買，更待何時？
6．B。主旨大意題。這段主要介紹了此款加熱器不會引起火災、燒傷孩子或寵物，由此可知本段主要在講加熱器的安全性，故此題選擇B項。
7．A。細節理解題。根據第三段的第一句話“The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.”可知此題選擇A項。
8．D。詞義猜測題。根據本段內容可知，此款加熱器可以很均勻地加熱屋子而不像其他加熱器那樣只加熱屋子中心部分，故此題選擇D項equally平等地、均勻地。
9． A。推理判斷題。全文一直在介紹加熱器的優點，倒數第二段提到了打折，最后一段號召大家趕快行動，從這些方面都可以看出這篇文章的主要目的是鼓勵人們買此產品，故選擇A項。
C
Generally, the theory of the “wisdom of the crowd” has been true：Choices made by many are usually better than those made by a few or one. But new research from Arizona State University and Uppsala University in Sweden adds a warning to that notion,
showing that crowds might be wise when it comes to making tough choices.
But when the alternative is easy, the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.
For this study, the researchers divided ants into different groups. They were tasked with something humans might relate well to:
apartment hunting.
Specifically,
they were supposed to move from their existing dwelling to a new “house”—one of two pieces of hollowed-out wood, one of which was darker than the other. And if you're an ant, darker is better.
When they were hunting as a group, the ants made their choice by checking out the two houses.
When the difference
between the two houses was significant, the group of ants tended to make the wrong decision more often than an individual
ant house-hunting by himself.
“Out of 100 ants evaluating a poor nest,10 of them start bringing nestmates to the poor nest without visiting the other
nests.
The ants who rejected it eventually find the other nest and compare, but by that time, the ‘rash decision-making’ ants have already recruited many nestmates from the home to the poor nest, so the ‘careful decision-making’
ants may not
contribute much to the colony's decision.”
Personally,
these ants reminded me of soccer riots(騷亂),
mass attacks, or even the decision to join terror groups. We can sometimes be fooled into making an extremely poor choice － even when a much better alternative is clearly available—simply because those around us have made rash decisions and we're following their lead.
1．We know from the passage that
________.
A. the tougher the task is, the more often the crowd have no way out
B. it's possible for the crowd to act foolishly when facing an easy choice
C. most of the ants regarded the poor nest as a comfortable place
D. the research was carried out in a new house
2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. In this research, different groups of ants were faced with two choices.
B. Human beings are also likely to be fooled into acting foolishly.
C．A single ant is more likely to be correct because he is independent.
D. Ants are extremely fond of making their nests in a bright place.
3．What is probably the best title for the article?
A. There's Strength in Numbers
B. The Majority Have the Truth on Their Sides
C. The Stupidity of the Crowd
D. The Minority Should Submit to the Majority
[文章大意]
都說“星多天空亮，人多智慧廣”。人越多，智慧真的越廣嗎？科學家研究發現，并非總是這樣。
1．B。考查細節理解。根據文章第一段的最后一句“But when the alternative is easy，the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.”可知，B是答案；A項的意思正好與B項相反，細讀第一段可以排除；根據倒數第二段的第一句，我們可以排除C項，因為文章說只有10%的螞蟻可能會對住所誤判；根據第二段的倒數第二句我們可以排除D項，文章說研究是在兩根木頭中進行的。
2．D。考查細節理解。文章的第二段和第三段都提到這點，它們要在dark
house和not dark house之間做出選擇，故A項正確；由最后一段可知B項正確；第三段講到了“一群螞蟻更易作出錯誤的決定”，故C項與作者觀點一致。根據笫二段的最后一句“假如你是螞蟻，越暗越好”可知，D項與之相悖，故選D項。
3．C。考查標題判斷。根據文章講述的研究內容和研究結論，我們不難看出作者的意圖并不在于頌揚“人多力量大”“真理總是掌握在多數人手里”“少數服從多數”，而在于指明“眾人的愚蠢”。
閱讀理解（10）
A
When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (確保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in very country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to slove common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
1. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?
A. By solving the cost problems.
B. By solving the transportation problems.
C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
2. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?
A. Providing food is vital.
B. Learning to fish is helpful.
C. Teaching skills is essential.
D. Looking after other is important.
3. The second paragraph is developed mainly________.
A. by exampleB. by process
C. by comparison
D. by contrast
4. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?
A. A medical team.
B. An exchange program.
C. A water plant.
D. Financial support.
5. What can we infer about international aid from the passage?
A. It is facing difficulties.
B. It is unnecessary during normal times.
C. It should be given in the form of materials.
D. It has gained support from developed countries.
[文章大意] 本文是一篇議論文。作者在文章中闡述了自己對國際援助的看法：授人以魚，不如授人以漁。
1．C。考查細節理解。從第一段的最后一句可知，聯合國組織可以建立樂于奉獻的團體，然后通過他們及時把救助品分發給那些受災的人。所以選C項。
2．C。考查推理判斷。畫線句子的意思是”授人以魚，不如授人以漁”，這句話告訴我們：教會別人技能非常重要。所以選C項。
3．A。考查寫作手法。作者在第二段先引用一句諺語，然后通過例子來闡述。由此可以推斷第二段是通過舉例子開展的。所以選A項。
4．D。考查推理判斷。第二段提到了多種援助的形式，如：分享在農業、醫學和衛星等方面的技術；建設純凈水廠；建學校；交流學生。由第二段最后一句可知，以上的援助形式能夠發揮真正的作用，故選D。
5．A。考查推理判斷。從文章最后一段最后一句可知，從長遠看，真正有效的國際援助形式是分享知識。其他形式的援助只能解一時的困難。所以選A項。
B
EP Portable Heater
We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world,
the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.
The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.
The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, you'll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.
The advanced EP also heats the room
evenly,_wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
The EP comes with a 3-year warranty (保修) and a 60-day, no questions asked, satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied,
return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.
Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that,
we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.
Take action right now!
6. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A. The heat of the EP.
B. The safety of the EP.
C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP.
7. From the passage,
we can learn that the EP________.
A. doesn't burn up oxygen
B. runs without any noise
C. makes people get sleepy
D. is unsuitable for children and pets
8. The underlined word
“evenly” in Paragraph 4
probably means________.
A. continuously
B. separately
C. quickly
D. equally
9. The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A. persuade people to buy the product
B. advise people to save on heating bills
C. report the new development of portable heaters
D. compare the functions of different heater brands
[文章大意] 無可比擬的高強性能，無與倫比的優質服務，無法想象的價格優惠，一款新型便攜式加熱器驚艷亮相！機不可失，失不再來，心動不如行動，此時不買，更待何時？
6．B。主旨大意題。這段主要介紹了此款加熱器不會引起火災、燒傷孩子或寵物，由此可知本段主要在講加熱器的安全性，故此題選擇B項。
7．A。細節理解題。根據第三段的第一句話“The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.”可知此題選擇A項。
8．D。詞義猜測題。根據本段內容可知，此款加熱器可以很均勻地加熱屋子而不像其他加熱器那樣只加熱屋子中心部分，故此題選擇D項equally平等地、均勻地。
9． A。推理判斷題。全文一直在介紹加熱器的優點，倒數第二段提到了打折，最后一段號召大家趕快行動，從這些方面都可以看出這篇文章的主要目的是鼓勵人們買此產品，故選擇A項。
C
Generally, the theory of the “wisdom of the crowd” has been true：Choices made by many are usually better than those made by a few or one. But new research from Arizona State University and Uppsala University in Sweden adds a warning to that notion,
showing that crowds might be wise when it comes to making tough choices.
But when the alternative is easy, the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.
For this study, the researchers divided ants into different groups. They were tasked with something humans might relate well to:
apartment hunting.
Specifically,
they were supposed to move from their existing dwelling to a new “house”—one of two pieces of hollowed-out wood, one of which was darker than the other. And if you're an ant, darker is better.
When they were hunting as a group, the ants made their choice by checking out the two houses.
When the difference
between the two houses was significant, the group of ants tended to make the wrong decision more often than an individual
ant house-hunting by himself.
“Out of 100 ants evaluating a poor nest,10 of them start bringing nestmates to the poor nest without visiting the other
nests.
The ants who rejected it eventually find the other nest and compare, but by that time, the ‘rash decision-making’ ants have already recruited many nestmates from the home to the poor nest, so the ‘careful decision-making’
ants may not
contribute much to the colony's decision.”
Personally,
these ants reminded me of soccer riots(騷亂),
mass attacks, or even the decision to join terror groups. We can sometimes be fooled into making an extremely poor choice － even when a much better alternative is clearly available—simply because those around us have made rash decisions and we're following their lead.
1．We know from the passage that
________.
A. the tougher the task is, the more often the crowd have no way out
B. it's possible for the crowd to act foolishly when facing an easy choice
C. most of the ants regarded the poor nest as a comfortable place
D. the research was carried out in a new house
2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. In this research, different groups of ants were faced with two choices.
B. Human beings are also likely to be fooled into acting foolishly.
C．A single ant is more likely to be correct because he is independent.
D. Ants are extremely fond of making their nests in a bright place.
3．What is probably the best title for the article?
A. There's Strength in Numbers
B. The Majority Have the Truth on Their Sides
C. The Stupidity of the Crowd
D. The Minority Should Submit to the Majority
[文章大意]
都說“星多天空亮，人多智慧廣”。人越多，智慧真的越廣嗎？科學家研究發現，并非總是這樣。
1．B。考查細節理解。根據文章第一段的最后一句“But when the alternative is easy，the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.”可知，B是答案；A項的意思正好與B項相反，細讀第一段可以排除；根據倒數第二段的第一句，我們可以排除C項，因為文章說只有10%的螞蟻可能會對住所誤判；根據第二段的倒數第二句我們可以排除D項，文章說研究是在兩根木頭中進行的。
2．D。考查細節理解。文章的第二段和第三段都提到這點，它們要在dark
house和not dark house之間做出選擇，故A項正確；由最后一段可知B項正確；第三段講到了“一群螞蟻更易作出錯誤的決定”，故C項與作者觀點一致。根據笫二段的最后一句“假如你是螞蟻，越暗越好”可知，D項與之相悖，故選D項。
3．C。考查標題判斷。根據文章講述的研究內容和研究結論，我們不難看出作者的意圖并不在于頌揚“人多力量大”“真理總是掌握在多數人手里”“少數服從多數”，而在于指明“眾人的愚蠢”。
