(五年高考)2024屆高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí):專題1 冠詞 名詞(全國通用)
專題一 名詞和冠詞
2024~2011年各省市高考
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空
(2024·江蘇)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement
with the national soccer reform.
解析 句意:為了與國家足球改革相一致
make adjustments 做出調(diào)整。
答案 adjustments
(2024·江蘇)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
解析 句意:——去和你的媽媽說對不起我想但我怕媽媽不會接受我的道歉。作介詞with的賓語和my的修飾語要用名詞形式。
答案 apology/apologies
(2024·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
解析 句意:減少壓力最有效的方法之一是與信任的人談?wù)勀愕母惺堋W鲃釉~reduce的賓語要用名詞形式壓力緊張為不可數(shù)名詞。
答案 stress
(2024·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
解析 句意:追趕哥哥時小男孩失去了平衡重重摔了一跤。作動詞lose的賓語要用名詞形式。lose his balance失去平衡失去均衡。
答案 balance
(2024·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it
some
(think) and then let me know.
解析 句意:現(xiàn)在沒有必要告訴我你的答案。思考一下然后讓我知道。 some后應(yīng)跟名詞想法。
答案 thought
(2024·安徽)—Why not buy a second-h(huán)and car first if you don't have enough
money for a new one?
—That's a good
(suggest).
解析 句意:——如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話為什么不先買一輛二
手車呢?——這是個不錯的建議(suggestion)。形容詞修飾名詞故用名詞形式。
答案 suggestion
(2024·湖北)Her
(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get
the right to higher education.
解析 句意:她寫作的動機是出于對女性獲得高等教育權(quán)利的渴望。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。
答案 motivation
(2024·江西)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
(patient).
解析 句意:每當我犯錯的時候老師都耐心地幫我指出來。with是介詞介詞后用名詞形式故用patience。
答案 patience
(2024·山東)My first
(impress) of him was that he was a kind and
thoughtful young man.
解析 句意:我對他的第一印象是他是一個友好且體貼的年輕人。序數(shù)詞first修飾名詞。
答案 impression
(2024·福建)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well,you know,English is my
(strong).So it is my best choice.
解析 句意:——你為什么選擇去一家國際旅行社工作?——哦你知道英語是我的強項。因此這是我的最佳選擇。形容詞性物主代詞my后跟名詞意為“長處強項”。
答案 strength
(2011·湖北)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big
(commit)
解析 句意:放棄工作回去接受全日制教育是個巨大的“投入”但是現(xiàn)在我意識到那是我所作出的最正確的決定。commitment“花費使用(資金、
答案 commitment
用適當?shù)墓谠~填空
(2024·江蘇)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
解析 句意:——為什a wet blanket 令人掃興的人或物。
答案 a
2.(2024·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book
for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
解析 句意:瓊的奶奶多年來一直想寫一本兒童書籍但總有這樣那樣的事情阻礙她不能實現(xiàn)。考查冠詞。第一空表泛指故用不定冠詞a;第二空為固定表達get in the way妨礙阻礙。
答案 a; the
(2024·重慶)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
解析 句意:我剛聽說Dora 工作的銀行被一位蒙面持槍歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指表示“Dora 工作的那家銀行”第二空為泛指表示“一位蒙面持槍歹徒”。
答案 the; a
(2024·陜西)
more learned a man is,
more modest he usually
becomes.
解析 句意:一個人的知識越是淵博他通常就越謙虛。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。
答案 The;the
(2024·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:Brian在創(chuàng)作音樂上極有才華他很有可能成為一個像貝多芬那樣的人才。本題考查不定冠詞在人名前表示:一個像……那樣的人。
答案 a
(2024·陜西)
village where I was born has grown into
town.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我出生的那個小村莊已經(jīng)變成了一個城鎮(zhèn)了。根據(jù)句意可知我出生的村莊”由定語從句修飾表特指用定冠詞the;而第二空應(yīng)是泛指。
答案 The;a
(2024·天津)Life is like
ocean:Only
strong-willed can
reach the other shore.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:生活就像一個大洋只有那些意志堅強者才能到達彼岸。此句中的ocean是可數(shù)名詞且是第一次出現(xiàn)故用an;第二個空中the+表示一類人。
答案 an;the
(2024·浙江)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days
week,often long into
night.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:這篇論文預(yù)計下個月寫完我一星期工作七天經(jīng)常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期;第二空為習(xí)慣用法如work into the night工作到深夜。
答案 a;the
(2024·重慶)I can't tell you
way to the Wilson's because we don't have
Wilson here in the village.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我無法告訴你去威爾遜家怎么走因為我們村沒有叫威爾遜的。由句意可知前者是特指后者為泛指。
答案 the;a
(2024·江西)They chose Tom to be
captain of the team because they
knew he was
smart leader.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:因為他們知道湯姆是一位精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)所以就選他當球隊的隊長。可知第一空用定冠詞是特指這個球隊的隊長第二
答案 the;a
(2024·福建)The “Chinese Dream” is
dream to improve people's well-being and
dream of harmony,
解析 考a,表示泛指概念。
答案 a;a
(2024·山東)It was
cold winter night and the moon was shining
brightly across
night sky.
解析 考查冠詞用法。第一空“一個寒冷的冬夜”應(yīng)用不定冠詞a;第二空“夜空”指獨一無二的事物用定冠詞the。
答案 a;the
13.(2024·陜西19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on
his way to Java in
thirteenth century.
解析 句意:據(jù)說十三世紀時馬可波羅曾經(jīng)橫渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意為“在……世紀”。
答案 the;the
(2024·新課標全國)India attained
independence in 1947,after
long struggle.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:印度在長期抗爭后于1947年獲得獨立。 attain independence獲得獨立是零冠詞用法;after a long struggle經(jīng)過一段長時間的抗爭a表示數(shù)量。
答案 /;a
(2024·重慶)The parents were shocked by
news that their son needed
operation on his knee.
解析 考查冠詞。句中的news指的是that從句的內(nèi)容所以此處的news是特指the;第二空處意為“需要做一次手術(shù)”為泛指要用不定冠詞。
答案 the;an
(2024·江西)Animals are obviously
lower form of life than
man.
解析 本題考查冠詞。man表示“人類”的意義時前面不加冠詞。form是可數(shù)名a修飾。句意:很明顯動物是低于人類的一種生命形式。
答案 a;/
(2024·遼寧)I woke up with
bad headache,yet by
evening
the pain had gone.
解析 句意:我醒來時頭很痛但到了晚上頭痛就a;第二空表示特指加the。
答案 a;the
(2024·浙江)The development of industry has been
gradual process
throughout
human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:在整個人類歷史中工業(yè)的發(fā)展從石器時代到現(xiàn)代科技時代已經(jīng)成為一個漸進的過程。第一空process是可數(shù)名詞第一次出現(xiàn)一般用不定冠詞修飾且此次表示“一個”的概念;第二空existence是不可數(shù)名詞此處表示抽象概念故用零冠詞。
答案 a;/
(2011·重慶)In communication, a smile is usually
strong sign of a
friendly and
open attitude.
解析 考查冠詞的用法。句意:在相互交流中微笑通常是一種友好和開放的態(tài)度的明顯特征。 a 用在可數(shù)名詞sign前泛指一類事物;friendly and open 是并列關(guān)系修飾attitude。
答案 a;/
名詞是高考每年必考的語法項目。考查要點主要集中考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式可
數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞所有格等。
冠詞是虛詞本身不能單獨使用也沒有詞義常放在名詞前面幫助說明名詞
的含義與名詞共生共存。其考查的重點主要有:定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞的基本用法;冠詞的特殊用法;冠詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中和具體、真實語境中的用法;
冠詞在句中的位置以及冠詞在具體化的抽象名詞前的用法。
專題一 名詞和冠詞
2024~2011年各省市高考
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空
(2024·江蘇)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement
with the national soccer reform.
解析 句意:為了與國家足球改革相一致
make adjustments 做出調(diào)整。
答案 adjustments
(2024·江蘇)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
解析 句意:——去和你的媽媽說對不起我想但我怕媽媽不會接受我的道歉。作介詞with的賓語和my的修飾語要用名詞形式。
答案 apology/apologies
(2024·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
解析 句意:減少壓力最有效的方法之一是與信任的人談?wù)勀愕母惺堋W鲃釉~reduce的賓語要用名詞形式壓力緊張為不可數(shù)名詞。
答案 stress
(2024·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
解析 句意:追趕哥哥時小男孩失去了平衡重重摔了一跤。作動詞lose的賓語要用名詞形式。lose his balance失去平衡失去均衡。
答案 balance
(2024·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it
some
(think) and then let me know.
解析 句意:現(xiàn)在沒有必要告訴我你的答案。思考一下然后讓我知道。 some后應(yīng)跟名詞想法。
答案 thought
(2024·安徽)—Why not buy a second-h(huán)and car first if you don't have enough
money for a new one?
—That's a good
(suggest).
解析 句意:——如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話為什么不先買一輛二
手車呢?——這是個不錯的建議(suggestion)。形容詞修飾名詞故用名詞形式。
答案 suggestion
(2024·湖北)Her
(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get
the right to higher education.
解析 句意:她寫作的動機是出于對女性獲得高等教育權(quán)利的渴望。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。
答案 motivation
(2024·江西)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
(patient).
解析 句意:每當我犯錯的時候老師都耐心地幫我指出來。with是介詞介詞后用名詞形式故用patience。
答案 patience
(2024·山東)My first
(impress) of him was that he was a kind and
thoughtful young man.
解析 句意:我對他的第一印象是他是一個友好且體貼的年輕人。序數(shù)詞first修飾名詞。
答案 impression
(2024·福建)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well,you know,English is my
(strong).So it is my best choice.
解析 句意:——你為什么選擇去一家國際旅行社工作?——哦你知道英語是我的強項。因此這是我的最佳選擇。形容詞性物主代詞my后跟名詞意為“長處強項”。
答案 strength
(2011·湖北)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big
(commit)
解析 句意:放棄工作回去接受全日制教育是個巨大的“投入”但是現(xiàn)在我意識到那是我所作出的最正確的決定。commitment“花費使用(資金、
答案 commitment
用適當?shù)墓谠~填空
(2024·江蘇)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
解析 句意:——為什a wet blanket 令人掃興的人或物。
答案 a
2.(2024·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book
for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
解析 句意:瓊的奶奶多年來一直想寫一本兒童書籍但總有這樣那樣的事情阻礙她不能實現(xiàn)。考查冠詞。第一空表泛指故用不定冠詞a;第二空為固定表達get in the way妨礙阻礙。
答案 a; the
(2024·重慶)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
解析 句意:我剛聽說Dora 工作的銀行被一位蒙面持槍歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指表示“Dora 工作的那家銀行”第二空為泛指表示“一位蒙面持槍歹徒”。
答案 the; a
(2024·陜西)
more learned a man is,
more modest he usually
becomes.
解析 句意:一個人的知識越是淵博他通常就越謙虛。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。
答案 The;the
(2024·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:Brian在創(chuàng)作音樂上極有才華他很有可能成為一個像貝多芬那樣的人才。本題考查不定冠詞在人名前表示:一個像……那樣的人。
答案 a
(2024·陜西)
village where I was born has grown into
town.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我出生的那個小村莊已經(jīng)變成了一個城鎮(zhèn)了。根據(jù)句意可知我出生的村莊”由定語從句修飾表特指用定冠詞the;而第二空應(yīng)是泛指。
答案 The;a
(2024·天津)Life is like
ocean:Only
strong-willed can
reach the other shore.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:生活就像一個大洋只有那些意志堅強者才能到達彼岸。此句中的ocean是可數(shù)名詞且是第一次出現(xiàn)故用an;第二個空中the+表示一類人。
答案 an;the
(2024·浙江)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days
week,often long into
night.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:這篇論文預(yù)計下個月寫完我一星期工作七天經(jīng)常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期;第二空為習(xí)慣用法如work into the night工作到深夜。
答案 a;the
(2024·重慶)I can't tell you
way to the Wilson's because we don't have
Wilson here in the village.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我無法告訴你去威爾遜家怎么走因為我們村沒有叫威爾遜的。由句意可知前者是特指后者為泛指。
答案 the;a
(2024·江西)They chose Tom to be
captain of the team because they
knew he was
smart leader.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:因為他們知道湯姆是一位精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)所以就選他當球隊的隊長。可知第一空用定冠詞是特指這個球隊的隊長第二
答案 the;a
(2024·福建)The “Chinese Dream” is
dream to improve people's well-being and
dream of harmony,
解析 考a,表示泛指概念。
答案 a;a
(2024·山東)It was
cold winter night and the moon was shining
brightly across
night sky.
解析 考查冠詞用法。第一空“一個寒冷的冬夜”應(yīng)用不定冠詞a;第二空“夜空”指獨一無二的事物用定冠詞the。
答案 a;the
13.(2024·陜西19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on
his way to Java in
thirteenth century.
解析 句意:據(jù)說十三世紀時馬可波羅曾經(jīng)橫渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意為“在……世紀”。
答案 the;the
(2024·新課標全國)India attained
independence in 1947,after
long struggle.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:印度在長期抗爭后于1947年獲得獨立。 attain independence獲得獨立是零冠詞用法;after a long struggle經(jīng)過一段長時間的抗爭a表示數(shù)量。
答案 /;a
(2024·重慶)The parents were shocked by
news that their son needed
operation on his knee.
解析 考查冠詞。句中的news指的是that從句的內(nèi)容所以此處的news是特指the;第二空處意為“需要做一次手術(shù)”為泛指要用不定冠詞。
答案 the;an
(2024·江西)Animals are obviously
lower form of life than
man.
解析 本題考查冠詞。man表示“人類”的意義時前面不加冠詞。form是可數(shù)名a修飾。句意:很明顯動物是低于人類的一種生命形式。
答案 a;/
(2024·遼寧)I woke up with
bad headache,yet by
evening
the pain had gone.
解析 句意:我醒來時頭很痛但到了晚上頭痛就a;第二空表示特指加the。
答案 a;the
(2024·浙江)The development of industry has been
gradual process
throughout
human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:在整個人類歷史中工業(yè)的發(fā)展從石器時代到現(xiàn)代科技時代已經(jīng)成為一個漸進的過程。第一空process是可數(shù)名詞第一次出現(xiàn)一般用不定冠詞修飾且此次表示“一個”的概念;第二空existence是不可數(shù)名詞此處表示抽象概念故用零冠詞。
答案 a;/
(2011·重慶)In communication, a smile is usually
strong sign of a
friendly and
open attitude.
解析 考查冠詞的用法。句意:在相互交流中微笑通常是一種友好和開放的態(tài)度的明顯特征。 a 用在可數(shù)名詞sign前泛指一類事物;friendly and open 是并列關(guān)系修飾attitude。
答案 a;/
名詞是高考每年必考的語法項目。考查要點主要集中考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式可
數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞所有格等。
冠詞是虛詞本身不能單獨使用也沒有詞義常放在名詞前面幫助說明名詞
的含義與名詞共生共存。其考查的重點主要有:定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞的基本用法;冠詞的特殊用法;冠詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中和具體、真實語境中的用法;
冠詞在句中的位置以及冠詞在具體化的抽象名詞前的用法。