2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：選修7 unit 21 Human Biology（北師大版）

　　Ⅰ.核心單詞→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　一、單詞拼寫

　　1．(2024·湖北，閱讀D) Without gravity to help ________(循環(huán))air，the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around your head.

　　2．She is continually ________(濫用)her position by getting other people to do things for her.

　　3．The ________(根本的) cause of his success is his hard work.

　　4．*(2024·山東，10)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may ________(尋找) opportunities abroad.

　　5．In China we are carrying a nine－year ________(義務(wù)的) education movement.

　　6．Lacking money，they had to ________(推遲) their plan.

　　7．I engaged a young woman as a ________(臨時(shí)的) secretary.

　　8．They've promised a ________(詳盡的)inquiry into the plane crash.

　　9．*Their position in international trade rapidly ________(下降)．

　　10．(2024·湖北，24)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the ________(情況) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.

　　答案　1.circulate　2.abusing　3.fundamental　4.seek　5.compulsory

　　6．postpone　7.temporary　8.thorough　9.declined　10.circumstances

　　二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．(2024·浙江，閱讀B)And as far as your body is ________(concern)，it's“use it or lose it”！

　　2．From now on any ______(violate) of the regulation must be cruelly punished.

　　3．Tomorrow is the last date for ________(submit) of entries for the competition.

　　4．Hard work keeps away poverty.________(tolerate) keeps away violence.

　　5．We ________(prohibition)air guns and the weapons that might wound someone.

　　6．This is a modern，bright and well ________ hospital，and its ________ is of the first level.(equip)

　　7．Several ________ ________ the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest ________ of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)

　　8．As we all know，an ________ meeting is held ________．(annual)

　　答案　1.concerned　2.violation　3.submission　4.Toleration　5.prohibit

　　6．equipped；equipment　7.robbers robbed；robbery　8.annual；annually

　　三、開心詞場(chǎng)

　　It is reported that the building of the factory was postponed，because the villagers living near opposed it.They prohibited the workers from going on their work，for they couldn't tolerate the big noise.It was known to people that the factory was responsible for it.However，the factory didn't want to submit to the villagers. They were seeking good solutions to the matter.

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　表示“尋找，搜尋”的詞匯

　　①look for 尋找

　　②search for 搜尋

　　③seek for 尋找

　　④hunt for 搜尋，尋找

　　由decline所想到的

　　①表示“增加”：rise，increase，go up

　　②表示“減少”：fall，drop，decrease，decline，go down

　　詞匯拓展

　　①oppose vt.反對(duì)→opposite adj.相反的；反對(duì)的 n．反義詞→opposition n．反方；對(duì)立面→opposed adj.相反的，對(duì)立的

　　②faith n．信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠實(shí)的→faithfully adv.忠實(shí)地，真誠(chéng)地

　　③fortune n．大筆錢財(cái)；巨款 →fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地→unfortunately adv.不幸地

　　④concern n．擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂→concerned adj.擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的→concerning prep.關(guān)于

　　Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　一、補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)

　　1．*straight ________ 立刻，馬上

　　2．stop sth ________ its tracks 終止；消

　　3．________ any rate 無(wú)論如何；至少

　　4．________ random 隨便地，隨意地

　　5．________ all costs 不管多大代價(jià)

　　答案　1.away　2.in　3.at　4.at　5.at

　　二、短語(yǔ)填空

　　wipe out；rob...of；*get down to；bring up；get through；clear up；put off；miss out；focus on；in vain

　　1．I was ____________ my wallet in front of the hotel.

　　2．The noise made it hard for me to ____________ my work.

　　3．It is raining now，but I think it will ____________ soon.

　　4．He will ____________ the marks with an eraser.

　　5．It's not an easy task for you to ____________ a small child on your own.

　　6．I tried to make his peace with her，but ____________．

　　7．It's time I ____ thinking about that essay.

　　8．They have decided to ____________ handing in their reports.

　　9．Had the boy worked harder，he would have ____________ the exams.

　　10．I'll just read through the form again to make sure I haven't ________ anything ________．

　　答案　1.robbed of　2.focus on　3.clear up　4.wipe out　5.bring up　6.in vain　7.got down to　8.put off　9.got through　10.missed；out

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　①immediately adv.立即，即刻

　　②instantly adv.即刻，馬上

　　③at once 立即

　　④in no time 立刻，馬上

　　⑤in a flash 即刻

　　⑥r(nóng)ight now/away 立刻

　　⑦straight away 立刻

　　表示“開始/著手做某事”的短語(yǔ)精選

　　①get down to doing sth

　　②set out to do sth

　　③set about doing sth

　　④settle down to sth

　　⑤start/begin doing/to do sth

　　Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　1．It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(it作形式主語(yǔ))

　　獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。

　　[仿寫]________________ a key university with such a low score.

　　這樣低的分?jǐn)?shù)被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是不可能的。

　　2．The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than而不是)

　　人們不惜任何代價(jià)想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。

　　[仿寫]As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard ________________．

　　作為學(xué)生，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)努力學(xué)習(xí)而非

　　3．*Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to...某人或某物被認(rèn)為是……)

　　西班牙流感在18個(gè)月內(nèi)使多達(dá)5千萬(wàn)人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向?yàn)槟贻p力壯的而不是老年人，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最嚴(yán)重的流行性傳染病。

　　[仿寫]The book ________________ several foreign languages.

　　這本書據(jù)說(shuō)已被翻譯成了好幾種外國(guó)語(yǔ)言。

　　答案　1.It is impossible to be admitted to　2.rather than cheating in exams

　　3．is said to have been translated into

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　“sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”用法小結(jié)

　　(1) “sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“人們認(rèn)為(相信)……，被認(rèn)為是/做……”，其中的不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞有say/hope/think/report/know等。動(dòng)詞用/希望/認(rèn)為/報(bào)道/眾所周知……”。

　　(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，不定式用完成式；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，不定式用進(jìn)行式。

　　(3)sb/sth be believed/said/thought/reported...to be/do...句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為People believe/say/think/report...(that)．../It is believed/said/thought/reported...that...“人們相信/說(shuō)//報(bào)道……”。

　　Ⅳ.單元語(yǔ)法→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用

　　條件句與混合條件句

　　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．If Mother ________(tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now.

　　2．You could answer most of the questions now if you ________(review) the lessons last night.

　　3．If you had studied hard before，you ________(be) a college student now.

　　4．*I didn't hear the phone.I must (be) asleep.

　　5．*I could ________(work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.

　　答案　1.had told　2.had reviewed　3.would be　4.have been　5.have worked

　　【聯(lián)想·積累】

　　混合條件句

　　當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的行為和主句所

　　If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now.

　　如果你接受了醫(yī)生的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。

　　[單 詞 點(diǎn) 睛]

　　1．seek (sought，sought)vt.尋找，尋求；追求；探求；探索；試圖

　　[高考例句](2024·重慶，閱讀B)Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses.

　　此外，商業(yè)公司尋求吸引顧客們的感官。

　　seek sth from sb 向某人請(qǐng)求/尋求某物

　　seek after/for sb(sth) 尋求某人(某物)

　　seek one's fortune 尋找成功(致富)的機(jī)會(huì)

　　seek out 找出；尋出

　　seek to do sth 試圖做某事

　　①They sought ________ a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.

　　他們找到了一個(gè)可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。

　　②He told us that he was going to Beijing ____________ (seek)his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice ____________ his teacher and shouldn't seek ________ comfort，personal fame or gain.

　　他告訴我們他要去北京碰碰運(yùn)氣，我建議他這件事情他應(yīng)該請(qǐng)教他的老師，不要一味地貪圖安逸，追名逐利。

　　答案　①out　②to seek；from；after/for

　　2．oppose vt.& vi.反對(duì)；反抗

　　[教材原句]Gene－therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.

　　基因治療有很多爭(zhēng)議，許多人反對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究。

　　(1)oppose doing sth 反對(duì)做某事

　　oppose sb's doing sth 反對(duì)某人做某事

　　(2)opposed adj.相反的；對(duì)立的

　　be opposed to (doing) sth 反對(duì)(做)某事；與(做)某事對(duì)立

　　①Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to ________(she)marrying a boy from a poor family.

　　她那富有的父母反對(duì)她同貧寒家庭的孩子結(jié)婚。

　　②We all strongly oppose ________(drive)after drinking. 我們都強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)酒后駕駛。

　　答案　①her　②driving

　　3．postpone vt.推遲；延期

　　[教材原句]I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.

　　我決定不推遲學(xué)習(xí)(就像我平常那樣！)，而是每天早上早點(diǎn)起床立刻開始學(xué)習(xí)。

　　postpone doing sth 延緩做某事，推遲做某事

　　postpone sth until/to...把某事推遲到……

　　①We are postponing our trip ________ the weather is fine. 我們推遲旅行直到天氣晴好。

　　②Our school has decided to postpone ________(hold)the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.

　　我們學(xué)校已決定推遲舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，因?yàn)橛晏蟆?/p>

　　答案　①to/until　②holding

　　4．prohibit vt.禁止

　　[教材原句]Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.

　　“非典”疫潮結(jié)束后，科學(xué)家們就在做醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)以預(yù)防將來(lái)再次爆發(fā)。

　　(1)prohibit (doing) sth 禁止(做)某事

　　(2)禁止某人做某事

　　(3)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令

　　①14 departments are working together ________(prohibit)the hunting of wild animals in the province.

　　14個(gè)部門正在共同努力禁止在全

　　②Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.

　　＝Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people ________(use) mobile phones in some places.

　　一些人認(rèn)為有必要禁止人們?cè)谝恍﹫?chǎng)合使用手機(jī)。

　　答案　①to prohibit　②from using

　　【聯(lián)想歸納】類似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表達(dá)法：

　　阻止某人做某事

　　protect sb from...保護(hù)某人不受傷害……

　　5．decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；謝絕 n．下降；衰退

　　[高考例句](2024·天津，完形)Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined.

　　盡管她的描述聽起來(lái)很精彩，但這所房子

　　寫出下列句中decline的詞性和含義

　　①I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.____________

　　②The company reported a small decline in its profits.

　　____________

　　③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.

　　____________

　　④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.

　　____________

　　(1)decline to do sth 婉拒做某事

　　(2)decline in/of sth 在某方面減少/下降

　　on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中

　　fall/go into (a) decline 開始衰落，陷入衰退

　　⑤The number of people who run the red light has been ________ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.

　　自從

　　⑥The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall ________ a decline.

　　來(lái)自海外的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的衰退。

　　答案　①v.謝絕　②n.下降　③v.下降　④n.衰退　⑤on　⑥into

　　6．equip vt.使有準(zhǔn)備；配備；裝備

　　[牛津例句]The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.

　　男孩們帶上火把和繩索出發(fā)了。

　　(1)equip...with...用……裝備……

　　equip...for sth/to do sth 為了……而裝備……

　　be equipped for/to do sth 為……裝備好；做好準(zhǔn)備

　　(2)equipment [U]n.設(shè)備，設(shè)施

　　①(2024·遼寧，閱讀D)Now it means a small piece of ________(equip) that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.

　　現(xiàn)在它意味著它是人們用來(lái)偷聽他人的談話秘密的一小件設(shè)備。

　　Your education will equip you ________ your future life. 你所受的教育將使你能適應(yīng)今后的生活。

　　答案　①equipment　②for

　　7．submit vt.提交；遞交vi.& vt.服從，屈服

　　[教材原句] You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.

　　你本應(yīng)該在6月14日提交它(文章)。

　　submit...to...把……提交給……；向……提出

　　submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服從

　　submit to 服從于，屈服于

　　①They had to submit ________(they)to his judgement. 他們不得不服從他的判決。