高考英語閱讀沖刺：閱讀理解9
閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
The majority of astronauts（宇航員）from America have been men. At the start of the space programme there was strong resistance from some people against having women in space. However, some women were very keen to become astronauts and in the end they were successful. In 1978, NASA began the first training programme for women astronauts.
Judy Resnick and Christa McAuliffe were both astronauts and they were both women, but in many other ways they were very different. Both of them were on Flight STS-5L-L. Judy Resnick was born in 1949 and studied engineering at university and went on to obtain a PhD in 1977. She was a member of the first group of women selected for astronaut training in 1978, and in 1984, she became the second woman in space. During that flight, she helped to launch three new satellites and she carried out a programme of research. She was, in many ways, a professional astronaut whose whole life was devoted to space travel.
Christa McAuliffe was born in 1948 and she was an astronaut almost by accident. In 1984, NASA decided to find a teacher who could accompany astronauts into space. They hoped that she would be able to communicate with students from space and encourage every one of them to be interested in space travel. Christa was a secondary teacher in history and social studies. She was a gifted teacher and she was selected from over 11,000 applicants to go on flight STS-51-L. She was also a very good communicator and she immediately established a very good relationship with the news media(radio, television and newspapers）. It was partly because of this that there was a great deal of interest and excitement about the flight. Thousands of students in schools and universities all around the country were looking forward to communicating with Christa in space. Millions of people were watching her flight with great interest. It is partly because of the excitement over McAuliffe's place in the flight that the disaster in 1986 had such an effect on people.
56. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that ___________.
A. Judy was against the idea of having women in space at first
B. Judy was the first woman selected for astronaut training
C. Judy helped to launch three new satellites at the age of 35
D. Judy carried out a programme during her second space travel
57. Christa McAuliffe was chosen for training because _______.
A. she was popular with the news media
B. she expected to give history lessons in space
C. she was an excellent teacher and communicator
D. she made the students in space very excited
58. The reason why there was great interest in Flight STS-51-L is that ________.
A. both Christa and Judy got PhD degrees in the same year
B. a young secondary school teacher was on the flight
C. students were going to learn more about space travel
D. it was the first time for women to travel in space
59. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Two Astronauts?? B. Flight STS-51-L
C. Travelling in Space?? D. The Training Programme
B
What's on
Oscar Film Themes Symphony Concert
Film highlights accompanied by live performances of movie theme music by the China Opera and Dance Drama Theatre Symphony Orchestra, which has recorded the music for many films. Familiar tunes will come from such flicks as Titanic, Jurassic Park and Waterloo Bridge.
Where: Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre When: March 8, 7：30 pm Admission：80-380 yuan Tel：6528 7674 ext 508
Fantastic View All the Way
The mountains in this area are not very high, but the vistas are excellent. This walk is gentle and very interesting, going through valleys, over passes, along a ridge and through a few little tranquil villages that are located in amazing places. Many sites along the walk offer panoramic view of the surrounding mountains.
Where: Pinggu, northeast of Beijing When: March 9, meet 8：30 am outside Starbucks at Lido Hotel, or 9 am at Capital Paradise front gate, return 5 pm Admission: adults 150 yuan, children 100 yuan Tel: 13701003694 Email: fjhikers @ yahoo. co. uk
Spring Greetings
Paintings in bold colors in a traditional Chinese style by young artist Tian Xifeng are displayed to welcome the spring. Tian is a student of famous bird-and-flower painting artist Wang Qing. He has won several prizes at various national painting exhibitions and developed a style emphasizing vivid close-ups of natural scenes.
Where: Melodic Gallery, 14 Jianwai Dajie, opposite Friendship Store When：till March 31, 9 am- 5 pm Admission: free Tel: 65188123
Cala, My Dog
Directed by Lu Xuechang, starring Ge You. The story is about a middle- aged working man, known as Lao Er, whose chief source of stability and comfort in life is his dog, Cala . One day, when his wife is out walking Cala, a policeman confiscates the unregistered canine. As Lao Er endeavors to recover his dog , the difficult circumstances of his life are revealed. Chinese with English subtitle(字幕）.
Where: Dongchuang Theatre, 3 Xinzhongjie, Dongzhimenwai When: March 13 and 20, 8: 30 pm Admission: 20 yuan Tel: 64169253
60. If you are a music lover you can go to ________ on Women's Day.
A. Capital Paradise B. Dongchuang Theatre
C. Capital Gymnasium D. Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre
61. The exhibition held in Melodic Gallery ________.
A. is open to the public from 7:30 am - 5pm till April lst.
B. presents the works by Tian Xifeng and his teacher
C. is to display some bird-and-flower paintings
D. costs the art lovers much money to visit
62. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Both adults and children can take part in the walk in Pinggu.
B. Even you don't know English you can enjoy Cala, My Dog.
C. You'll have to dial 65188123 to book a ticket for the film.
D. You'll have a choice of two meeting places on March 9th.
63. All the advertisements in this passage are about ________.
A. music B. movies C. exhibitions D. entertainments
C
Most episodes（情況）of absent- mindedness- forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded （譯成密碼）it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact（影響）on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe（衣柜）. "Your memory itself isn't failing you,"says Schacter."Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness."A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,"says Zelinski,"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox."Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
"Visual cues can help prevent absent -mindedness",says Schacter."But be sure the cue is clear and available,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication（藥物）with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time,"says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.
64. We can learn from the passage that encoding ________.
A. slows down the process of losing our memories
B. helps us understand our memory system better
C. gets us to recall something from our memories
D. helps us to find out the mobile phone in the pocket
65. Why do women have better memories than men?
A. They seldom use their mobile phones.
B. They are more nervous about the environment.
C. They are more interested in what's happening around them.
D. They usually take some special medicine to improve memories.
66. The sentence underlined in Paragraph 4 means that ___________.
A. a note in the pocket will easily get lost
B. putting something in sight can be a good reminder
C. taking medicine can get rid of absent-mindedness
D. people of absent-mindedness must take medicine with them
67. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The causes of absent-mindedness.
B. The environment and memory.
C. A way of encoding and recalling.
D. The process of gradual memory loss.
?D
We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity（機會）and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed - no examination is perfect - but to have no external( 外部的 )tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency（實力）,the ideal and the purpose of each teacher.
Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them - a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill - respected school can show certificates（證書）to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well - respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school's fame（名譽）,unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.
The opponents（對手）of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.
These people are not just against school organisation, but are at war with the whole idea of modem competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive（破壞性的）purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organised when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society as a whole.
68. According to the passage, the writer thinks that ________.
A. changing the standards could mean the end of equality
B. standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality
C. there would be no standards without external examinations
D. we cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect
69. In the writer's opinion, what would happen if external examinations were taken away?
A. There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence.
B. Children from poor families would not be able to change schools.
C. Going to a favoured school should be the only way to get a good job.
D. Schools for bright children would lose their fame.
70. The situation at the moment is that ________.
A. many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability
B. a school's fame is not important, as long as a child has a certificate.
C. children attending well - respected schools need not get certificates.
D. a bright child doesn't need a certificate a t all to get a good job.
71. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A. Most students from poor families can't get a good job.
B. Some people are using students to destroy our society.
C. The writer thinks it a good way to choose a job by computer.
D. The opponents of the examination want to reorganize schools.
72. The opponents would agree that _________.
A. computers should be selected to take over many jobs
B. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobs
C. well - respected schools should be got rid of as soon as possible
D. the students are not equally treated if they take external examinations
E
He works 10 hours a day, makes more than US $98000 a year, doesn't bother to take holidays, dresses as he pleases, he's never been happier and is looking for another job. This 33-year-old, white, university-educated person is the typical Internet worker, according to a study by the Internet Standard, a San Francisco news magazine.
There is also a reasonable chance that his employer will arrange his dry cleaning, allow him to bring his dog to work, offer him free massages（按摩） and give him stock options（股票自由買賣權）.And he still thinks people in other firms are doing better.
The typical worker, it appears, not only enjoys an income about three times the national average but also enjoys himself. At present 2. 5 million people are employed by Internet firms in the US. The results of the study give plenty of reasons why so many people think the grass is greener in Silicon Valley（硅谷）.
Even after tech stocks sharply went down in April, closing many star - ups, there is still a mood of enthusiasm（熱情）and special advantage among those still employed. So what makes 52 percent of them "very happy"?"Demanding work"is given as the main reason and "salary"is unsurprisingly close behind. Those questioned in the study also listed working weekends and long holidays as signs of the pleasures of the workplaces.
Only 13 percent were paid for the extra hours worked while 14 percent put in more than 12 hours work on an average day. "It wasn't all about money"wrote Maryann Thompson in the introduction to the study,"It was fun. What other job could a college and graduate walk into at 10 a. m. wearing shorts and sandals?"And spend days with his dog at his feet, working on projects that required real brain power- then leave at 9 p. m. with a belly full of free food, a few happy - hour beers and a big fat check? The average income works out at $104000 with the average basic salary at $84700.
73. The job as an Internet worker ______.
A. calls for strict rules B. allows much freedom
C. leaves more time for housework D. requires shorter working hours
74. The phrase "a big fat check"in the last paragraph means ________.
A. tasty food B. beautiful clothes
C. good earnings D. healthy bodies
75. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. employers try many ways to satisfy their Internet workers
B. youths prefer much more freedom in their work
C. Internet workers earn much more than an average worker
D. college graduates are greatly attracted by Internet work
56. C 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. C
66. B 67. A 68. C 69. A 70. B 71. D 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. D
