2024屆《名師A計劃》高考英語新人教版一輪復習配套練習：選修7 Unit 2《Robots》（含解析）
Unit 2 Robots
(60分鐘81分)
Part A
一、閱讀理解(共8小題;每小題2分,滿分16分)
A
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree?Animals can’t talk,but can they lie in other ways?Can they lie with their bodies and behaviors?Animal experts may not call it lying,but they do agree that many animals,from birds to chimpanzees,behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why?Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example,a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator(獵食動物)gets close to its nest,the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How?It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the “hurt” adult,leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird,the scrub jay,buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later,unbury the food,and bury it again somewhere else.
Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How?They don’t make nests.Instead,they get into other birds’ nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out,their adoptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees,or chimps,can also be sneaky.After a fight,the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand,too,the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways,too.When chimps find food that they love,such as bananas,it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way,other chimps don’t hear them,and they don’t need to share their food.
As is mentioned above,animals behave dishonestly for survival.Is it OK to lie for us human?
(2024·福建永安質檢)
1.The writer uses the three questions at the beginning of the passage to .?
A.ask the readers to answer the questions
B.draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C.seek answers to the questions
D.show he is at a loss about the questions
2.Which of the following is not an example of animal’s dishonest behaviors?
A.The plover pretended to have a broken wing to protect its baby birds.
B.A scrub jay dug out its buried food and reburied it somewhere else.
C.The adoptive parents feed their baby birds of cuckoos.
D.A losing chimp starts fighting again after taking the winner’s hand.
3.The underlined word “sneaky” in Paragraph 5 most probably means .?
A.selfish B.friendly
C.entertaining D.dishonest
4.What is the common reaction of most chimps when they find their favorite food?
A.They let out a loud cry.
B.They cry in a very low voice.
C.They hide their food immediately.
D.They share their food with other chimps.
【文章大意】本文是說明文。文章通過列舉一些鳥類和大猩猩的例子說明,動物有時會出于生存需要而撒謊。
1.B 推理判斷題。文章開頭提出幾個與主題相關的問題,又一一作出回答,可見作者意不在問,而是為了吸引讀者的注意。
2.C 細節理解題。文中第二、三、五段舉例說明了plover,scrub jay和chimp使用欺騙手段取得自保的做法,因此選擇C項。事實上,把蛋下在別的鳥巢里才是欺騙手段,而喂鳥并不是。
3.D 詞義推測題。結合第一段倒數第三句中的“from birds to chimpanzees,behave dishonestly to fool other animals”,第二段第一句以及劃線詞sneaky前的also一詞可知,此處指猩猩和鳥類一樣,也會表現得不誠實,故選D項。
4.A 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第二句和第三句“When chimps find food that they love,such as bananas,it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.”可知,當猩猩們找到自己喜歡的食物時,往往會大聲叫喊,呼朋引伴,故選A項。
B
Even though it doesn’t have a head,you can still tell what kind of animal it is:the robot is definitely modeled upon a cat.Developed by EPFL’s Biorobotics Laboratory(Biorob),the “cheetah-cub robot,” a small-size quadruped prototype robot,is described in an article appearing today in the International Journal of Robotics Research.What is special is the design of its legs,which makes it very fast and stable.
This robot is the fastest in its kind.During tests,it showed its ability to run nearly seven times its body length in one second.In addition,the robot is extremely light and can be easily made from materials that are inexpensive and readily available.
The machine’s strengths all lie in the design of its legs.The researchers developed a new model with this robot,one that is based on the careful observation and faithful reproduction of the cat-like leg.The number of segments(分段)—three on each leg—and their proportions(比例)are the same as they are on a cat.Springs are used to reproduce tendons(肌腱),and actuators—small motors that turn energy into movement—are used to replace the muscles.
Biorob director Auke Ijspeert said,“It’s still in the experimental stages,but the long-term goal of the cheetah-cub robot is to be able to develop fast,agile,grounded machines for use in exploration,for example for search and rescue in natural disaster situations.Studying and using the principles of the animal kingdom to develop new solutions for use in robots is the nature of our research.”
1.Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage?
A.A robot that runs like a cat
B.How robots are widely used
C.The development of robots
D.A newly discovered animal
2.According to Paragraph 1,the robot is special for .?
A.its head B.its size
C.its model of a cat D.its design of the legs
3.The robot may be described as .?
A.fast,kind,strong and long
B.fast,light,stable and cheap
C.friendly,light,available and strong
D.friendly,long,stable and available
4.What’s the attitude of Auke Ijspeert towards the future of the cheetah-cub robot?
A.Negative. B.Indifferent.
C.Pessimistic. D.Optimistic.
【文章大意】本文是說明文,介紹了新研發的一種機器人。這種機器人成本較低、體重很輕,其四條腿像貓一樣,能夠跑得又快又穩。
1.A 主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了研究人員新開發的一種四條腿的、像貓一樣可以跑得又快又穩的機器人。
2.D 細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句“What is special is the design of its legs...”可知,機器人的特別之處在于對它腿部的設計,D項符合文意。
3.B 細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句“...which makes it very fast and stable.”和第二段內容可知B項正確。
4.D 觀點態度題。根據最后一段中的“the long-term goal...in natural disaster situations.”可知,此種機器人將會應用于很多領域,所以前景樂觀。
二、語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
On receiving my learner’s permit a couple of months ago,I started driving lessons straight away.However,it wasn’t until two days ago 1. Dad finally allowed me to drive on the motorway.Our destination was Orewa,2. seaside town.?
That morning I made sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet about three times 3. we left.I thought I was totally prepared 4. the journey,but nothing could have prepared me for my family’s complaints.?
“Relax!Don’t hold the steering wheel so 5.(tight),”called a nervous voice from the backseat.?
“Speed up.70km/h isn’t fast enough.You are holding up the traffic,” another voice ordered from the seat next to 6.(I).?
How 7.(annoy)!To content them,I 8.(step) hard on the accelerator,and within a second,an angry voice began to yell again.?
“Stop!Slow down!Are you crazy?Did I tell you to go above 100km/h?”
Finally I drove into the city,where the speed limit was 50km/h.
My family seemed relieved and stopped 9.(tell) me what to do.On our way home,the journey was much 10.(easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep.So,I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.?
(2024·河北冀州中學期中考試)
1.that。此處為“not...until...”結構的強調句,空處應填that。
2.a。Orewa是一個海濱小鎮,應用a表示泛指。
3.before。此處指啟程離家之前去了三次洗手間,before符合文意。
4.for。be prepared for“為……做準備”。
5.tightly。根據句子結構可知,此處應用副詞tightly修飾動詞hold。句意:放松些!方向盤不要握得太緊。
6.mine/me。此處表示從靠近“我”的那個座位處傳來又一聲命令,所以應填寫名詞性物主代詞mine或賓格代詞me。
7.annoying。以how開頭的感嘆句的中心詞為形容詞,此處指聲音是多么令人討厭,故空處填annoying“令人討厭的,惱人的”。
8.stepped。文章講述的是過去發生的事,應用一般過去時。句意:為了讓他們滿意,我用力踩下了油門。
9.telling。由relieved可知,家人們不再吩咐“我”怎么做了,應用動名詞telling。stop doing sth.意為“不再做某事”。
10.easier。由much和than可知此處應用比較級easier。
Part B
一、完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
Around three years ago,I was at a stop sign when I heard slight barking coming from a car parked on the street near me.It was very 1 and the dog was trying to get some of the cooler fresh air outside the car.Without thinking I 2 my car and got out to help him.?
There was no way to 3 the dog because the car was locked.Thinking of the irresponsible owner I became 4 .I didn’t know if I should 5 the window and take the dog or try to contact the owner.Just then,I 6 a police car on the opposite side of the street.I ran out to seek for help.?
When the police officer helped open the door,the dog 7 both of us and ran quickly behind the house the car was parked in front of.We 8 the dog to make sure he was OK.Then we saw 9 the dog had run:The dog’s owner was 10 in the middle of his garage.?
Obviously the man had a condition that caused him to have a(n) 11 .This one was particularly 12 and required medical attention.After the incident I learned that had I not 13 ,both the dog and the man would likely have died.I was overcome with 14 and my eyes swelled up.I realized how much of an effect you can have on other people’s lives by doing the 15 thing.I was so quick to 16 assuming the dog’s owner ignored his pet.And had the police officer not been around I may have just left a(n) 17 on the car after I took the dog.?
I cannot 18 what I would feel if I knew that man had died because of any number of things that may have gone 19 .It made me understand that things are not always as they 20 ,and there are always several sides to every story.?
(2024·河南中原名校聯考)
1.A.quite B.dark
C.hot D.dry
2.A.drove B.parked
C.took D.looked
3.A.save B.feed
C.walk D.touch
4.A.sad B.bored
C.puzzled D.angry
5.A.open B.break
C.clean D.replace
6.A.hit B.called
C.noticed D.stopped
7.A.disappointed B.frightened
C.excited D.surprised
8.A.looked after B.went after
C.shouted at D.pointed at
9.A.why B.how
C.when D.where
10.A.working B.sleeping
C.standing D.lying
11.A.attack B.rest
C.opportunity D.fight
12.A.important B.strange
C.bad D.clear
13.A.known B.continued
C.stayed D.helped
14.A.uncertainty B.anxiety
C.exhaustion D.emotion
15.A.risky B.hard
C.right D.big
16.A.judge B.act
C.blame D.agree
17.A.address B.note
C.mark D.number
18.A.believe B.face
C.imagine D.remember
19.A.quickly B.differently
C.perfectly D.smoothly
20.A.seem B.happen
C.expect D.prefer
【文章大意】本文是記敘文。“我”救了一只被困在車中的狗,并誤以為是狗的主人失職所致,卻意外得知事情的真相:狗的主人突發疾病而暈倒。由此“我”感觸頗多。
1.C 根據下文“...to get some of the cooler fresh air outside the car.”可知,天氣很熱。
2.B 沒有多想,“我”便把車停了下來,下車去幫助它。
3.A 車門鎖著,沒辦法救這只狗。由上文“...got out to help him.”及下文“...take the dog or try to contact the owner.”可知,“我”在試圖救這只狗,所以選A項。
4.D 因為想到狗主人不負責任,所以“我”應該很生氣。
5.B 前文提到車門鎖著所以“我”在想是不是要“打破”車窗救狗。
6.C 就在這時,“我”“注意”到在街道對面有一輛警車。C項順承文意。
7.D 狗被救出后竟然跑走了,這讓“我”和警察很“吃驚”。
8.B “我”和警察為了確保狗的安全追了上去。look after“照顧,照看”;go after“追逐,追趕”;shout at“對……大喊”;point at“指向”。
9.A 下文“The dog’s owner was 10 in the middle of his garage.”告知了狗突然跑到屋后的原因,應選A項。?
10.D 狗的主人正躺在車庫內。由下文“...required medical attention.”可知應選擇D項。
11.A 很顯然,這個人是因為突發某種疾病而暈倒的。attack“(疾病)突然發作”。
12.C 由下文“...required medical attention.”以及“the man would likely have died”可知,狗主人的病情非常嚴重。bad“嚴重的,厲害的”,在此相當于serious。
13.D 如果“我”當時不施以援助的話,狗和狗的主人都可能會死去。D項符合文意。
14.D 根據下文“my eyes swelled up”可知,“我”情緒失控,應選D項。overcome“控制(感情)”。be overcome with emotion意為“激動得難以自持”。
15.C 由上文可知,“我”做了“正確的”事,救了狗和狗的主人,對別人的生活產生了巨大的影響。
16.A 根據下文中“assuming the dog’s owner ignored his pet”可知,“我”很快做出判斷,認定狗的主人失職。
17.B 如果當時沒有警察在場,“我”可能會在救出狗之后,在車上留張便條,從而錯失救狗主人的機會。
18.C 由would和if可知,這里指如果狗的主人死去,“我”會有什么樣的感受,這是無法想象的。C項符合句意。
19.B 此處指很多事情的結果都會有所不同,B項符合文意。go differently“結果不同”。any number of“許多”。
20.A 根據下文和“我”的經歷可知,很多事情并不總是像“看上去”那樣。
