2024屆高考英語考前沖刺：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)回歸人教版新課標(biāo)必修四
2024屆高考英語考前沖刺精選基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)回歸人教版新課標(biāo)必修四
Unit 1
Great women and their achievements
一、語言要點(diǎn)
I單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）
詞匯
部分 詞語
辨析 1. campaign / war / battle
2.worth / worthy / worthwhile
3. argue / debate
詞形
變化 1. connect vt.連接；聯(lián)系；
接通電話 vi.連接，銜接 connection n.聯(lián)系，關(guān)
系；連接
2. argue vt.&vi.討論；辯論
argument n.[c]爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；
3. crowd n. 人群，群眾；
v. 聚集；擠滿；擠，推 crowded adj.充(擁)滿了的，擁擠的
4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激發(fā)；
啟示 inspiration n. 鼓舞；靈感 inspired adj.受靈感啟示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
5. considerate adj.體貼的，體諒的 consideration n.考慮，要考慮的事；體貼 considerable adj.相當(dāng)大(或多)的
6. deliver vt.遞送(郵件)，接
生；生(小孩)；發(fā)表(演說) delivery n.[c,u]投遞；
演講 deliverer 遞送者
重點(diǎn)
單詞
1. achievement n.[C]成就，功績(jī)
2. behave vt.&vi. 舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)
3. observe vt. 觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守
4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重視
5. argue vt.&vi. 討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論
6. support vt.&n. 支持；擁護(hù)；支撐；贍養(yǎng)；給予幫助﹑ 同情等的人
7. intend vt. 計(jì)劃；打算
8. deliver vt. 接生(小孩)，遞送，發(fā)表(演說)
重點(diǎn)
詞組 1. look down upon / on蔑視；瞧不起
2. refer to 談到；查閱；參考；查詢；提及；指……而言
3. come across (偶然) 遇見；碰見
4. carry on 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持
5. live/lead a... life過著……的生活
重點(diǎn)句子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them.
重點(diǎn)語法 主謂一致（見語法部分）
II 詞語辨析
(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. campaign / war / battle
【解釋】
war “戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的總稱，一般包括多個(gè)戰(zhàn)役的大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
battle “戰(zhàn)斗”，指有組織的武裝部隊(duì)之間的戰(zhàn)斗，有持續(xù)幾小時(shí)的，也有持續(xù)幾天的。
campaign“戰(zhàn)役”，指在某一地區(qū)所進(jìn)行的一連串有固定目的的軍事行動(dòng)，規(guī)模比battle大；還用來表“政治或商業(yè)性的活動(dòng)、競(jìng)選活動(dòng)”campaign for/against 從事運(yùn)動(dòng)
【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1). They won the _______ but lost the _______.
2). The city hall is planning to start a _______ against smoking.
Keys:
1). battle; war
2). campaign
2. worth / worthy / worthwhile
【解釋】
worth 只能作表語，其后接錢數(shù)、名詞或及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)一般形式: be worth doing
worthy可作表語，后接of+名詞/of+動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式/不定式的被動(dòng)形式: be worthy of + n.
/ of being done / to be done
也作定語，“值得……的”，“有價(jià)值的”：a worthy winner名副其實(shí)的贏家
worthwhile可作表語和定語: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing
【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1). The necklace was ______ 100 francs at most.
2). It’ s ______ to discuss the question again.
3). You would find it ______ your while to come to the meeting.
4). Can’ t you find something ______ doing at all? The book is _______ _______ _______ (很
值得讀) a second time.
5). This place of interest is worthy _______ _______ _______ / _______ _______ ______ /_______ _______ _______ (參觀).
Keys:
1). worth
2). worthwhile
3). worth
4). worth; well worth reading
5). of a visit / of being visited / to be visited
3. argue / debate
【解釋】
argue指某人堅(jiān)持自己的主張，舉出事實(shí)和理由說服某人或反對(duì)其他方面的意見。
debate指辯論者長(zhǎng)在自己的立場(chǎng)公開爭(zhēng)論一個(gè)問題。
【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1). We ______ with her ______ how to go there.
2). They ______ the case for hours.
3). They ______ the question openly.
4). Last week, our class had a ______ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.
Keys: 1). argued; about
2). argued
3). debated
4). debate
III 詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）
1. connect vt.連接；聯(lián)系；
接通電話 vi.連接，銜接 connection n.聯(lián)系，關(guān)
系；連接
2. argue vt.&vi.討論；辯論
argument n.[c]爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；
3. crowd n. 人群，群眾；
v. 聚集；擠滿；擠，推 crowded adj.充(擁)滿了的，擁擠的
4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激發(fā)；
啟示 inspiration n. 鼓舞；靈感 inspired adj.受靈感啟示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
5. considerate adj.體貼的，體諒的 consideration n.考慮，要考慮的事；體貼 considerable adj.相當(dāng)大(或多)的
6. deliver vt.遞送(郵件)，接
生；生(小孩)；發(fā)表(演說) delivery n.[c,u]投遞；演講 deliverer 遞送者
【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1). It was ________ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.
2). The good news _______ (inspire) us with hope.
3). The children had an _______ (argue) about what game to play.
4). Please pay on ________ (deliver).
5). Taking everything into ________ (consider), the event was a great success.
6). The narrow roads were ________ (crowd) with holiday traffic.
7). What is the _______ (connect) between the two ideas?
Keys:
1). considerate
2). inspired
3). argument
4). delivery
5). consideration 6). crowded
7). connection
IV 重點(diǎn)詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）
1. behave vt.&vi. 舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)
behavio(u)r n. 行為；舉止；習(xí)慣
[典例]
1). Behave yourself; don’ t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的舉止, 別鬧出笑話來。
2). How is your new car behaving? 你的新車性能如何？
[重點(diǎn)用法]
behave oneself 使某人自己舉止規(guī)矩
behaviour towards/to... 對(duì)……的態(tài)度/行為
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。
1). It’ s hard to train children to _______ _______ (舉止得體) at the table.
2). She is always _______ _______ (舉止得體) at school.
3). Their _______ (behave) _______ (介詞) me shows that they do not like me.
Keys: 1). behave well
2). well behaved
3). behaviour towards
2. achievement n.[c]成就，功績(jī)
achieve vt. 取得，完成
[典例]
1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科學(xué)上取得的成就而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。
2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飛越大西洋是一個(gè)偉大的功績(jī)。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
achieve an aim / goal達(dá)到目標(biāo)
achieve success 獲得成功
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1). Without the support of the people we can _______ _______.
2). I have achieved only half of _______ I hope to do.
3). Congratulations to you
(介詞) _______ such a complete victory.
Keys: 1). achieve nothing
2). what
3). on; achieving
3. observe vt. 觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守
observation n.[u] 觀察；觀測(cè)；監(jiān)視
[典例]
1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方監(jiān)視著那男子進(jìn)入銀行的情況。
2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子緊跟著他。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
observe sb. do sth. 觀察某人做某事(已做完)
observe sb. doing sth. 觀察某人正在做某事
under observation 被監(jiān)視
[練習(xí)] 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或翻譯。
1). They were observed ______ (enter) the bank then.
2). Keynes _______ _______ (觀察到) humans fall into two classes.
Keys: 1). entering
2). observed that
4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重視
[典例]
1). If you don’ t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎能受到別人尊重呢?
2). I have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人
have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人/事
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 贏得某人的尊敬
out of respect 出于尊敬
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。
1). The new officer soon ________ (贏得) the respect of his men.
2). I ________ you ________ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty.
3). I have great respect _______ (介詞) his ideas, although I don’ t agree with them.
Keys: 1). won/earned
2). respect; for
3). for
5. argue vt.&vi. 討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論
argument n.[c]爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵
[典例]
1). Don’ t argue with your mother. 不要和母親爭(zhēng)辯。
2). I argued that we needed a larger office. 我據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)我們需要大些的辦公室。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
argue for (sb./sth.)為(某人/某事)而辯護(hù)
argue against (sb./sth.) 反對(duì)某人/某事)而辯護(hù)
argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 與某人(為某事)而爭(zhēng)吵
argue that... 主張……
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通過爭(zhēng)論使某人做/不做某事 have an argument about/over sth. 辯論某事
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。
1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (說服她加入) us.
2). We argued _______ the waiter _______ the price ______ the meal.
Keys: 1). argued her into joining
2). with; about; of
6. support vt.&n. 支持；擁護(hù)；支撐；贍養(yǎng)；給予幫助﹑ 同情等的人
[典例]
1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 這座橋禁得住重型卡車通行嗎?
2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他餓得沒有力氣, 我得攙著他。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 贍養(yǎng)家庭
support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人
support sb. by (doing) sth. 通過做某事支持某人 in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物
support oneself 自力更生
give support to sb. 支持、支援某人
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。
1). Will you support me _______ (介詞) my campaign for election?
2). Jim was a great support _______ (介詞) them when their father died.
3). 我求學(xué)期間由父母供養(yǎng)。
___________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). in
2). to
3). I was supported by my parents when I was studying.
7. intend vt. 計(jì)劃；打算
intention n. 意圖，意向，目的
[典例]
1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 聽說他們要結(jié)婚了。
2). I intend you to take over. 我打算讓你來接管。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某
sth. be intended for (某物)是為而準(zhǔn)備的
intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事
intend sth. as/to be 打算讓某物作……用
intend that... 打算……
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。
1). This book is ______ ______ ______ (是為初學(xué)者寫的).
2). Was that remark intended _______ (介詞) a joke?
3). I didn’ t intend her ______ (see) the painting until it was finished.
Keys: 1). intended for
2). as
3). to see
8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，遞送，發(fā)表(演說)
delivery n. 投遞
deliverer 遞送者，交貨人
[典例]
1). The baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子是在一個(gè)醫(yī)療站接生的。
2). Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. 楊同志致開幕詞。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩
delivere sth. to ...... 把某物送到……
express delivery快遞
on delivery 送達(dá)時(shí)，貨到時(shí)
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1). Some new books have ______ (deliver) ______ (介詞) the schoo1.
2). The actor _______ his speech _______ (介詞) a soft voice.
Keys: 1). been delivered; to
2). delivered/gave; in
V 重點(diǎn)詞組
（旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）
1. look down upon/on蔑視；瞧不起
[典例]
1). She looks down on people who've never been to university. 她瞧不起沒上過大學(xué)的人。
2). You can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)人窮而瞧不起他。
