（福建省專用）高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題三 閱讀理解專題課件
十三、推斷文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題 各種文體的文章基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1．說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
Definition
(Introduction) Example Comparison Conclusion Conclusion
Description (Explanation)
2．議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
Topic
Arguments
Facts Examples Theory Conclusion
(Opinion)
(Supporting sentences) 論點(diǎn)
論據(jù)
結(jié)論 3．記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
Story presentation (account) Time clues
Ending
(surprising/humourous way) Inverted time clues 4．夾敘夾議文的基本結(jié)構(gòu) Story presentation
Conclusion
Opinion Advice Significance
A B 答案 C 答案 A 答案 B 答案 C 答案 D 答案 D 答案 A 答案 D A 答案 A B 答案 A 答案 B 答案 B B 答案 C 答案 D 答案 B 答案 C 答案 A B B D 答案 D 答案 A C D C 答案 A 答案 A 答案 D 答案 C 答案 D 答案 D *
專題三
閱讀理解
[命題特點(diǎn)]
試題中所選材料原汁原味，體現(xiàn)了跨文化交際意識(shí)，鍛煉了學(xué)生對外國文化的認(rèn)知能力和辨知力，這十分利于考查學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，符合考生的生活實(shí)際、學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)和認(rèn)知水平。并且各種題型的考查，不僅突出了語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用性，亦突出了試題的時(shí)代性，讓學(xué)生關(guān)心時(shí)事，關(guān)心自己身邊的生活。
[命題要求]要求考生讀懂有關(guān)公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應(yīng)能：
1．理解主旨要義；2.理解文中具體信息；3.根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4.作出簡單判斷和推理；5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)； 6.理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。7.根據(jù)文中提供的信息用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語完成與短文相關(guān)的圖表。
題型突破
一、主旨大意歸納題
這類試題要求對文章的整體或局部(如段落)進(jìn)行分析、概括，歸納相關(guān)部分的中心大意，旨在考查考生加工與濃縮信息的能力。題干表現(xiàn)形式：
1．
?The passage mainly discusses...
?Which of the following statements best expresses the main
idea of the passage?
?What is the main idea of the passage?
?What is the passage mainly about?
?What does the writer mainly tell us?
?Which of the following can summarize the main idea
of this text?
?Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
?What is the subject/topic discussed in the text?
2．目的類主旨大意題
?The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to...
?The passage is meant to...
3． 標(biāo)題類主旨大意題
?The best title for the passage might be...
?What would be the best title for the passage?
?The best headline for this newspaper article is...
尋找主題句是解決這類題的關(guān)鍵。主題句往往在文首、文末，有時(shí)在文章的中間，也可能沒有，要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。
正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：
(1)含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various，both，general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等詞的選項(xiàng)一般是正確選項(xiàng)；(2) 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， 內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)；
那些概括全文， 內(nèi)容全面， 含義深刻， 說明道理的選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)， 而選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容片面，單一的內(nèi)容一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：
(1)以偏概全；(2)過于籠統(tǒng)；(3)強(qiáng)加觀點(diǎn)；(4)無關(guān)信息。
閱讀下列文章或片段，從A、B、C、D中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Science can’t explain the power of pets，but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure(血壓) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack，reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.For some，an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress(緊張) levels and blood pressure in people—half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic(算術(shù)) or held a hand in ice water.Subjects completed the tasks alone，with a husband/wife，a close friend or with a pet.People with pets did it best.Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates.With pets in the room，people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions.It seems people feel more relaxed(放松) around pets，says Allen，who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating
habits.Researchers in Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs；a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program.On average，people lost about 11 pounds，or 5% of their body weight.Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more than 15% of their body weight.Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but，say researchers，got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing.
67．What does the text mainly discuss?
A．What pets bring to their owners.
B．How pets help people calm down.
C．People’s opinions of keeping pets.
D．Pets’value in medical research.
解析 由劃線部分是主題句可以總結(jié)本文主要介紹的是寵物給人們帶來的種種好處。D不夠全面，B、C文中沒有提及，是無關(guān)信息，不能選。
(2010年·湖北卷)
They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories(配飾)．Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies.A generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.
Professor Julia Twigg，a social policy expert said，“Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s.In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter.It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years—now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to.Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.”
Professor Twigg analysed family expenditure(支出)data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—at 5 or 6 per cent of spending—the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.
The professor said，“Clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East.In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from，but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere.Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.”
Fashion designer Angela Barnard，who runs her own fashion business in London，said older women were much more affected by celebrity(名流) style than in previous years.
She said，“When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties，they want to follow them.Older women are much more aware of celebrities.There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their looks，and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties.When I started my business a few years ago，my older customers tended to be very rich，but now they are what I would call ordinary women.My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago.”
62．Which is the best possible title of the passage?
A．Age Is No Barrier for Fashion Fans
B．The More Fashionable, the Less Expensive
C．Unexpected Changes in Fashion
D．Boom of the British Fashion Industry
解析 通讀全文可知，本文主要分析了老年婦女著裝風(fēng)格的變化，說明隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，時(shí)裝不再是年輕人的專利，老年人一樣喜歡穿時(shí)裝。所以A項(xiàng)做標(biāo)題最適合。
(2010年·四川卷)
Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co.，Ltd.，a major Australian medicine-making company.Opened in 1992，ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases.A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield，due to open in the autumn of 2010.
Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL’s health and safety，and to communicate (溝通)with support employees at ALRL’s laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees，you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.
Candidates(申請人) will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary.Education to degree level is also desirable.
If you are interested in this position，please send your CV(簡歷)to Alex London Research Laboratory，University College London，Hatfield，London，W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@alex.co.uk..For more information，please visit www.alex.co.uk..
51．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The technical skills of a would-be ROM.
B．The practical experience of a would-be ROM.
C．The personal information of a would-be ROM.
D．The necessary requirements for a would-be ROM.
解析 根據(jù)第四段提供的信息：申請人要有管理和技術(shù)服務(wù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、研究操作的知識(shí)及極好的交際技能等，可知本段主要談及對應(yīng)聘職位者的具體能力要求。
52．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To describe the job of a ROM.
B．To provide information about ALRL.
C．To announce an open position at ALRL.
D．To make known the opening of the new laboratories.
解析 本篇文章為廣告招聘，提供了Alex Co., Ltd招聘一名ROM的信息，并對要招聘的職位提出了具體的要求。目的自然是讓大家了解ALRL公司有一公開招聘的職位。
二、推測寓意題
Andy rode slowly on his way to school，day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him.He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present.He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens.What he saw shocked and terrified him.A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
With no time to waste，Andy sped off in the opposite direction，riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm.With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously，he sped down the rough road.As the bees came closer，his panic increased.Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇)．The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting！He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days.Suddenly，his father’s words came to him.“When you are in a tight situation，don’t panic.Use your brain and think your way out of it.”
On a nearby hill，he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home.“Bees don’t like smoke，” he thought.“They couldn’t get into the house.”Andy raced towards the Nelson house，but the bees were gaining around.Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.
Suddenly，out of the corner of his eyes，he spotted a small dam used by Mr.Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden.Off his bike and into the cool water he dived，disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects.After holding his breath for as long as he could，Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone.Dragging himself out of the dam，he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell.Mr.Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，”laughed his mother with relief.“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！”But Andy did not hear her.He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
59．Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees?
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Once bitten, twice shy.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．In time of danger, one’s mind works fast.
解析 文章最后一段的第二句，Andy的媽媽說道： Thank goodness you didn’t panic.謝天謝地你沒有慌神，可知情急之下Andy仍然成功想到辦法脫險(xiǎn)，再綜合A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，可以判斷出D選項(xiàng)。A.不勞無獲；B.一朝被蛇咬，三年怕井繩；C.有志者，事竟成；D.急中生智。
(2010年·新課標(biāo)卷)
There were smiling children all the way.Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway，wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang.Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives.This is the simple village people of Malaysia.I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car，so this was the first time I was on a train.I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread.I looked about the train.There was not one familiar face.I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia.Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore，so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past.As we went beyond the city，I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green.Then the first village came into sight.Immediately I came alive，I decided to wave back.
From then on my journey became interesting.I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life.Then everything came alive.The mountains seemed to speak to me.Even the trees were smiling.I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry.I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3∶00 pm.Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth.I looked at the people all around me.They all looked beautiful.When my uncle arrived with a smile，I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (擁抱)．I had never done this before.He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile.We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
75．What can we learn from the story?
A．Comfort in traveling by train.
B．Pleasure of living in the country.
C．Reading gives people delight.
D．Smiles brighten people up.
