2024屆高考英語二輪復習分項訓練（通用版）：第1部分專題1閱讀理解2 專題針對訓練（含答案）

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　　(一)

　　(2024·山東濰坊市高三一模)Can you imagine a world without chocolate？It’s not something I’d like to doard the future of chocolate!

　　The University of Reading，in England，has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s new cocoa varieties.They must be quarantined (進行檢疫) before they can be grown.Why？Cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last year but about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases.Now we don’t want thaty to solving this problem.

　　The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crop since 1985，after it took over the task from the Royal

　　Botanical

　　Gardens

　　Kew，London.And

　　has improved its facilities.The leader of the institution’s cocoa project，Professor Paul Hadley，says，“One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material.”

　　The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions.After up to two years in quarantine，clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries，including several in West Africa.That’s where 75%

　　of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide

　　comes

　　from.The

　　crop

　　extremely important for the local economy：it employs about two million people.he scientist says，“There is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly，particularly in countries like China，where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates.”

　　【解題導語】　本文主要介紹了英國一項保護可可種子的1．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Safeguarding cocoa seeds.

　　B．Planting cocoa seeds worldwide.

　　C．Keeping cocoa seeds in greenhouse.

　　D．Finding the new market for cocoa.

　　解析：選A。主旨大意題。

　　根據第一段的第二句“It’s not something I’d like to do及第五段中的“clean and safe seeds”可知本文主要講的是英國保護可可種子的項目即A項正確。________．解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據第四段的最后一句“The leader of the institution’s cocoa projectey，says，‘One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material.’”可知這個機構是要確保可可粉的質量即C項正確。B．Demand for cocoa is increasing continually.解析：選B。細節理解題。根據最后一段的關鍵詞“demand is increasing constantly”可知本段主要講可可需求的不斷增長即B項正確。4．What’s the purpose of the text?

　　A．To educate.

　　B．To advertise.解析：選D。寫作意圖題。文章第一段點題結合全文的整體內容可知本文主要介紹了英國保護可可種子的項目屬于向讀者傳遞信息的類型即D項正確。B

　　(2024·江西南昌市一模)Even if trees cannot walkthat marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward.Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.To do this(水平的)branches low to the ground.The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they And with all that leftover energy，these trees have started producing more seeds.This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.distances in the wind.When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line，they eventually can sprout (發芽) new trees.This explains how a forest can move.Of course whole planet has been warming.

　　New trees will provide shelters for some snow.Keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.Instead，the trees absorb the sun’s heat.This warms the surrounding air.The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds.That further boosts a forest’s ability to expand.In

　　addition，more

　　trees

　　will

　　trap

　　snow，preventing much of it from being blown away.Snow can trap heat in the soil below，which encourages trees to grow.The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line.People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

　　【解題導語】　本文是一篇科研報告主要研究了氣溫升高對北極圈植物的影響。 the Arctic moving northward?

　　A．The shrinking of northern tundra.

　　B．The rising temperature.

　　C．The fierce and cold wind.

　　D．The abundant resources in the north.

　　解析：選B。

　　細節理解題。根據第二段的第二句“Across the Arctic, ing faster than anywhere else in the world”以及本段的整體內容可知不斷上升的氣溫是北極圈樹木北移的主要原因即B項正確。To protect themselves from the cold wind.

　　解析：選D。

　　代詞指代題。根據畫線詞前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind”可知畫線詞 this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”即D項正確。ferred from the last paragraph?

　　A．New trees can trap the snow，which may make the soil colder.

　　B．The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.

　　C．New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.

　　D．New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“New trees will provide shelters for some snow.Keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.Insteadrrounding air”可推知新樹會讓周圍的空氣更加溫暖即C項正確。________．　解析：選A。文章出處題。根據文章的整體內容可推知本文主要研究的是氣候變暖對北極圈植物的影響故該文應選自科研報告即A項正確。C

　　(2024·河北七校高三聯合考試)High heelse for the greater number of accidents reported，women played their part by driving in high heels.Putting fashion over function meant 44 percent of female motorists had been prevented from using the pedals correctly by their high heels.

　　Being keen on a caffeine kick while driving can also create an accident if they leave empty coffee cups lying around their vehicles.Twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their cars or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or an empty drink bottle rolled under their brake pedals.

　　However，it is not just wearing and eating that cause a

　　threat from inside the car; man’s best friend could also cause a catastrophe if not safely secured.One in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape(擦傷) or miss on the road due to their dogs’ wandering freely British motorists.The survey has found drivers will pick up an average bill of ￡ 261.47 for the damage caused by every crash.Londoners were the most at risk of an accident closely followed by motorists in the West Midlands and Wales.managing director，said many accidents could be avoided if people cleaned their cars regularly，as one in ten drivers involved in crashes admitted to driving inside a mountain of waste materials.She said，“The possible dangers and distractions outside the car are well-known but as the evidence suggests，those within the car are often forgotten.”

　　【解題導語】　本文介紹了開車時最危險的三種東西：高跟鞋、咖啡杯以及狗并告訴我們在開車時應該多關注這些危險的東西。xpensive clothes.

　　B．They wear shoes with high heels.

　　C．They drink too much coffee in cars.

　　D．They take their dogs without tying them.

　　解析：選B。細節理解題。根據第二段中的“women played their part by driving in high heels”可知女性駕車所犯的錯誤是穿高跟鞋故B項。________．ook the same as brake pedals

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their cars or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or an empty bottle rolled under their brake pedals”可推知空的咖啡杯可能造成剎車失靈C項。ide of the car dirty.

　　解析：選B。細節理解題。根據第四段中的“One in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape(擦傷) or miss on the road due to their dogs’wandering freely可知狗可能到處走動或B項。________．more attention to

　　D．only 10% of the drivers remember to keep their cars clean

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The possible dangers and distractions outside the car are well-known but as the evidence suggestsorgotten”可推知車內的這些潛在的危險和使人分心的事情也是事故發生的原因但是經常被人們忘記所以需要我們給予更多的關注故選C項。(二)A

　　(2024·河北唐山市高三統一考試)Hybrid cars(混合動力車) are cars that run on petrol and electricity.They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery(電池) electric motor to provide electric power.power is required，for example，when going uphill or accelerating.In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed，for example when the car has stopped at traffic lights，keeping only the electric engine running.

　　Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating.Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，improved by electric motors when needed，so they use less petrol.Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of “regenerative (再生的) braking”．The electric motor is used to slow down the carentional cars

　　the

　　energy

　　produced

　　when

　　braking

　　is wasted.

　　In 1928，Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car.The first mass-produced hybrid car，the Toyota Prius，came out in Japan at the end of 1997.However，hybrid cars became available—in the USA only in 1999.As they use less fuel，hybrid cars are cheaper to run.There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them.In some countries，hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax，and don’t have to pay on certain roads.In some cities，hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.

　　【解題導語】　文章介紹了以汽油和電為動力的混合動力車它是一種節約能源的汽車。________．B．have conventional brakes to slow down the car解析：選D。細節理解題。根據第三段中的第二句“Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol enginestors when needed，so they use less petrol”可知混合動力車必要時有電力支持所以消耗較少的能源。________．the

　　battery　解析：選B。細節理解題。根據第三段可知混合動力車用電動馬達減速而不是用傳統的剎車電動馬達降低車速時產生的電能會被自動儲存在電池里B項表述正確。________．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“As they use less fuel可推知使用混合動力車有很多好處所以混合動力車會很受歡迎。________．rm people of a kind of energy-saving car

　　D．explain why hybrid cars use less energy

　　解析：選C。寫作意圖題。該文主要介紹了一種節約能源的車——混合動力車應選擇C。B

　　(2024·河南鄭州市第二次質檢)Beauty is only skin deep.This expression means that beauty is only a temporary surface quality.Some beauty products can cause lasting damage that goes far below the surface of the skin. what is called “tanning” because of its links to skin cancer.In the African country of Senegal (塞內加爾)eams and soaps.The World Health Organization says that 25% of Senegalese women use skin-lightening products on a usual basis.These products can contain chemicals，like mercury (汞)(對苯二酚) and possibly other physical damage to the skin.They can actually burn the eyes and skin.

　　Shop worker Adama Diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results.She uses a cream that is made from carrots，not the strong chemical，hydroquinone.She says that it is a personal choice and that no one pressures her.Some women want to be black every day，but for her，she likes to be a shade of brown.

　　Women in Senegal say they lighten their skin for the same reason that women all over the world make changes to their appearance.They say they want to look beautiful，to find a husband，to stand out in a crowd or simply to look great for a special event.

　　This thinking troubles Senegalese film-maker Khardiata Pouye Sall.So，she made “This Color That Bothers Me”，a film about the subject of skin lightening.She said，“I used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers.It is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful.It is in their heads.They want to please a man，to be loved or they want to please society，to succeed.”

　　Ms.Sall says that the government needs to better control the marketing and the sale of skin-lightening products.But she adds that education is the best way to persuade people against using them.

　　【解題導語】　塞內加爾的女性為了美使用一些化學產品帶來了極大的危害。________．C．use products to lighten their skin

　　D．take health risks to become beautiful

　　解析：選C。詞義猜測題。根據第二段的第一句“In America可推知塞內加爾的一些女性正好和美國人相反與“darken their skin”相反故C項正確。6．According to Adama Diagne，women shouldn’t believe ________．解析：選D。細節理解題。根據第四段的第一句“Shop worker Adama Diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results”可知不贊同人們用快速見效的美容產品即D項正確。．n with shocking images

　　B．don’t consider dark skin to be beautiful

　　C．find it hard to understand the true beauty

　　D．put beauty in the first place in their heads

　　解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據第六段的“It is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful”可推知塞內加爾的女性并不認為黑皮膚是漂亮的即B項正確。B．Casual.解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據第六段的“I used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers” 以及最后一段的內容可推知對亮膚的產品持不贊成的態度即A項正確。C

　　(2024·遼寧沈陽市第一次教學質量檢測)Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16% were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active，particularly at younger ages.

　　Researchers followed 11，135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50，recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood.They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%.In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”，and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.

　　“Assuming the association is causal，physical activity has a protective effect against depression.If an adult between his twenties and forties who isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week，he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%，” said Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health，lead author of the study.

　　Professor Mark，Director of the Public Health Research Centre，said：“Many people are already s of physical activity

　　on their general health，but now we are seeing more evidence that suggests it also has a positive effect on a person’s mental well-being.The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are

　　working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.”

　　【解題導語】　最新研究表明增加每周鍛煉身體的次數能降低人們患抑郁癥的風險。________”．解析：選C。詞義猜測題。根據第四段中的“If an 可知人們每周鍛煉三次能讓患抑郁癥的可能性降低大約16%。由此可推斷出s和risks的意思一樣故C項正確。________．will become more depressive

　　解析：選A。細節理解題。根據第二段中的“People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms”可知如果人們增加他們每周鍛煉的次數就會有較少的抑郁癥狀故A項正確。ng to the passage?