2024年高考第二輪復習英語（安徽版）專題八非謂語動詞
2024年高考第二輪復習英語安徽版 八、非謂語動詞
真題試做
1．（2024·課標全國高考）The party will be held in the garden，weather ______.
A．permitting
B．to permit
C．permitted
D．permit
2．（2024·課標全國高考）Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting.
A．having compared to
B．comparing to
C．compare to
D．compared to
3．（2024·北京高考）One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A．corrects
B．correct
C．to correct
D．correcting
4．（2024·北京高考）______ with care，one tin will last for six weeks.
A．Use
B．Using
C．Used
D．To use
5．（2024·江西高考）Having finished her project，she was invited by the school ______ to the new students.
A．speaking
B．having spoken
C．to speak
D．to have spoken
考向分析
1．考查對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別，要求明確句子的結構和意義，掌握非謂語動詞的基本用法。
2．考查不定式和動名詞作賓語的區別，要求掌握一些常見動詞后面所接賓語的形式。
3．考查非謂語動詞作定語、狀語、補語時的區別，尤其是不定式、現在分詞短語、過去分詞短語所表示的不同時間、邏輯關系和意義。現在分詞和不定式作結果狀語時的區別應引起足夠重視。
4．考查非謂語動詞的否定式、完成式、被動式及復合結構，要求掌握其構成形式、所表示的時間以及邏輯關系。
熱點例析
考點一：謂語與非謂語形式的識別
試題以復雜的結構和冗長的句式呈現，考查考生是否能瞻前顧后地分清句子成分、理解句子結構、明白句子意義，正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當謂語。
【典例分析】（2024·浙江高考）I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or ______ his job.
A．quits
B．to quit
C．quitting
D．quit
答案為D項。該句使用了either ... or ...并列結構，either后面是動詞原形study，or后面也應該是動詞原形quit，故選擇D項構成并列謂語。
考點二：非謂語形式作主語
非謂語形式作主語時，形式主語it常用來代替不定式短語作主語。如：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中，it代替動名詞短語作主語。如：
It's no use arguing with them.
【典例分析】（2024·浙江高考）No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better ______ silent.
A．remain
B．be remaining
C．having remained
D．to remain
答案為D項。when在此處引導定語從句修飾times，在when引導的從句中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式to remain silent，表示“有時保持沉默更好”。
考點三：非謂語形式作賓語
1．部分動詞（短語）后面只能接不定式作賓語。
常見的有：agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like （love）
He agreed to lend me his bike.
He refused to say sorry to me.
2．部分動詞（短語）后面只能接動名詞作賓語。
常見的有：avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/suggest/keep （on）/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be （get）used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer...to...等。
He admitted taking my money.
Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?
3．部分動詞（短語）后接不定式和動名詞時，含義不同，應注意區分。
（1）remember
如：
I'll remember to post your letter.我會記住把你的信寄上的。
I don't remember saying this to him before.我不記得以前對他說過這件事。
（2）forget
如：
I forgot to tell him to come.我忘記叫他來了。
I'll never forget seeing him for the first time.我永遠忘不了和他初次見面的情景。
（3）regret
如：
I regret to say that I can't accept your kind offer.很抱歉，我不能接受你那善意的提議。
I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔說了心里話。
（4）try
如：
You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要試圖改進你的教學方法。
If no one answers，try knocking at the back door.如果沒人答應，試著敲敲后門。
（5）mean
如：
I meant to send you a postcard，but I didn't have your address with me.我本想寄一張明信片給你，但是我身邊沒有你的地址。
Starting too early means wasting your time.出發太早就是浪費時間。
（6）stop
如：
Let's stop to buy something to eat here.咱們在這里停停買些吃的吧。
Let's stop working and have a rest.咱們停下手里的活，歇一會兒。
（7）go on
如：
After reading the text，he went on to write the new words.讀完課文之后，他接著寫生詞。
He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接著給我們講故事。
（8）want/need/require
如：
I want to join the army.我想參軍。
The road needs rebuilding.這條路需要重新修建。
（9）can't help
如：
I can't help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能幫忙搬箱子，因為我胳膊疼。
They couldn't help laughing when they saw him.他們看到他，忍不住大笑起來。
（10）advise/allow/permit
如：
I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建議開一個會來討論這件事情。
He often advises people to use their brains.他常常勸人動動腦子。
【典例分析】（2024·安徽高考）I remembered ______ the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.
A．locking
B．to lock
C．having locked
D．to have locked
答案為B項。remember to do sth.意為“記著要做某事”，remember doing sth.意為“記著做過某事”。“在離開辦公室前就把門鎖上”顯然不合邏輯，所以應選不定式作賓語。句意：我在離開辦公室以前，記著了要鎖門，但是忘了要關燈。
考點四：非謂語形式作定語
1．時間關系不同：不定式作定語通常表示一個未發生的動作，或表示一個已完成的動作；現在分詞作定語通常表示一個正在進行的動作、經常性的動作或狀態；過去分詞作定語多表已完成的動作，或沒有一定的時間性（只表示被動）。如：
I have a lot of work to do.
The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.
This is a play written by Shakespeare.
2．邏輯關系不同：不定式所修飾的詞可能是它的邏輯主語，也可能是它的邏輯賓語；現在分詞作定語時，它所修飾的詞一般是它的邏輯主語；過去分詞作定語所修飾的詞一般是它的邏輯賓語。如：
He is the first to get here.
He is the man to depend on.
He is the very person looking for you.
A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
3．不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，不要遺漏必要的介詞。如：
He found a good house to live in.
【典例分析】（2024·浙江高考）“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.
A．to be reserved
B．having reserved
C．reserving
D．reserved
答案為D項。分析句子結構可知，此處應用非謂語形式修飾table，“桌子”是“被預訂或保留”的，所以用過去分詞短語作后置定語。
考點五：非謂語形式作狀語
1．不定式作狀語：
（1）表示目的，直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如：
He worked day and night to get the money.
（2）表示結果，更常見于so...as to，such...as to，enough to，too...to結構中，only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的結果。如：
I visited him only to find him out.
（3）表示原因，用在作表語的某些表示情感的形容詞或過去分詞后面，說明產生某種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語所表示的情況等。如：
They were very sad to hear the news.
2．現在分詞作狀語：
現在分詞作狀語表示的必須是主語的一個動作，即分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
現在分詞可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。作原因狀語時，通常放在句首；作結果狀語時，通常放在句子后面，表示自然而然的結果。如：
Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.
He fired his gun，killing the wolf.
All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.
3．過去分詞作狀語：
過去分詞的動作與句子的主語是邏輯上的動賓關系。
過去分詞可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。如：
Seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.
Given better attention，the cabbages could have grown better.
【典例分析】（2024·遼寧高考）This machine is very easy ______.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A．operating
B．to be operating
C．operated
D．to operate
答案為D項。句意：這臺機器很容易操作。任何人幾分鐘就會學會使用。該題應選不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，說明在哪一方面存在這個形容詞表示的情況或產生這種情緒的原因。
（2024·天津高考）He got up late and hurried to his office，______ the breakfast untouched.
A．left
B．to leave
C．leaving
D．having left
答案為C項。句意：他起床晚了，匆忙趕往辦公室，早餐一動沒動。現在分詞短語在此處作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。
（2024·四川高考）Tom took a taxi to the airport，only______his plane high up in the sky.
A．finding
B．to find
C．being found
D．to have found
答案為B項。only后接不定式表示意想不到的結果，所以應選B項作結果狀語。to have found表示動作發生在主句謂語took之前，時間上有誤。句意：湯姆乘出租車去了飛機場，卻發現飛機已經飛在高空了。
考點六：非謂語形式作補語
1．advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動詞后面常用不定式作補語。如：
Tell the children not to play on the street.
The police warned us not to go out at night.
2．see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel等感官動詞及make/let/have等使役動詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補語，但在被動句中則使用帶to的不定式。如：
They make the students do too much homework every day.
The students are made to do too much homework every day.
3．感官動詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補語。
從時間上看，不定式表示發生或完成；現在分詞強調正在進行；過去分詞表示完成。
從邏輯關系上看，不定式和現在分詞與賓語之間存在著主謂關系；過去分詞與賓語之間存在著動賓關系。如：
I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿過了大街。
I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿過大街。
I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群學生圍著他。
4．介詞with和without后面可接復合賓語。不定式作補語常表示將來；現在分詞作補語常表示賓語與補語是主動關系或正在進行；過去分詞作補語常表示賓語與補語是被動關系或已經完成。如：
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
【典例分析】（2024·四川高考）I looked up and noticed a snake______its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A．to wind
B．wind
C．winding
D．wound
答案為C項。句意：我抬起頭來，注意到一條蛇為了捉到它的早餐，正盤旋著往樹上爬。在感官動詞noticed后面，賓語a snake和wind為主動關系，所以應選現在分詞形式作補語，表示主動、進行。
考點七：非謂語動詞的否定式、進行式、完成式和被動式
1．非謂語動詞的否定式均是在前面加not。
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.
2．不定式的進行式、完成式和被動式。
當謂語動詞表示的動作（情況）發生時，不定式動作正在進行，不定式要用進行式。
The boy pretended to be working hard.
當不定式的動作在謂語動作之前發生時，不定式要用完成式。
I happened to have seen the film.
當不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動式。
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
3．動名詞的完成式、被動式、完成被動式和帶有邏輯主語的復合結構。
We remembered having seen the film.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
4．現在分詞的完成式和被動式。
當現在分詞的動作早于謂語動作之前發生時，現在分詞要用完成式。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
