江西省信豐中學(xué)高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：讓書面表達靚起來（講義）
一、適當運用高級詞匯
在寫作中“較高級詞匯”的使用主要是指使用《大綱》上沒有的詞語、使用通過構(gòu)詞法變化來的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來代替常見詞語。在造句時,“較高級詞匯”如能運用貼切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一個，也會使你的作文顯示出與眾不同。
1.我對英語非常感興趣。
I’m very interested in English.I’m _____ interested in English
2. 我們的校園位于市中心。
Our school is in the center of the city. Our school _____ in the center of the city
3.放學(xué)后，我們有很多作業(yè)要做。
After school, we have a lot of homework to do.After school, we have ____ homework to do.
4.我們可以得到社會及工作經(jīng)驗。
We can get some working and social experience We can _____ some working as well as social experience
5． 洗澡間和廚房都很好。
The bathroom and the kitchen are good.The bathroom and the kitchen are _______.
6. 大部分學(xué)生認為應(yīng)當學(xué)好英語。
Most of the students think it is necessary to study English
The majority of the students _________ it is necessary to master English.
※請記住以下高級詞組：
1.經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩(wěn)步增長the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先進的科學(xué)技術(shù) advanced science and technology
4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn) be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社會發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否認 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate
10. 有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的觀點 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就…達到絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.雙方的論點 argument on both sides
17.發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18.對…必不可少 be indispensable to …
19.正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes:
20.…也不例外 …be no exception
1.對…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22.利遠遠大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.導(dǎo)致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.復(fù)雜的社會現(xiàn)象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.責(zé)任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.學(xué)習(xí)知識和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.經(jīng)濟/心理負擔(dān) financial burden / psychological burden
30.考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 從另一個角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 對…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society
35.打下堅實的基礎(chǔ) lay a solid foundation for…
36.綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality
37.無可非議 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 應(yīng)當承認 Admittedly,
41.不可推卸的義務(wù) unshakable duty
42. 滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources
45.因特網(wǎng) the Internet (一定要由冠詞，字母I 大寫)
46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.環(huán)保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49.社會進步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51.對這一問題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后種觀點的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion
53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據(jù) have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55. 理論和實踐相結(jié)合 integrate theory with practice
56. …必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of…
57.日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition
58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59.長遠利益. interest in the long run
60.…有其自身的優(yōu)缺點 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.揚長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。63.對…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上…的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latestdevelopment of …
66.采取有效措施來… take effective measures to do sth
67.…的健康發(fā)展 the healthy development of …
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。No garden without weeds。
69.對…觀點因人而異 Views on …vary from person to person。
70.重視 attach great importance to…
71.社會地位 social status
72.把時間和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…
73.擴大知識面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/間接關(guān)系 be directly / indirectly related to…
76. 提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal
77. 可以取代 “think”的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.緩解壓力/ 減輕負擔(dān) relieve stress/ burden
79.優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展… give (top) priority to sth。
80.與…比較 compared with…/ in comparison with
81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.經(jīng)不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84.提供就業(yè)機會 offer job opportunities
85. 社會進步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87.增進相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
二、簡單句的高級形式
簡單句其實也可以不簡單若將簡單句與非謂語動詞短語、形容詞短語、介詞短語、同位語、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等巧妙地合并在一起,可以表使句子變得更精彩。
1. 同位語
I want to have a pen friend, hopefully and with interests similar to mine. 我想有一個筆友, 希望是一個二十出頭且興趣相投的女孩子。2. 形容詞短語
, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. 出生于美國的托馬斯·愛迪生是一個偉大的科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。3. 不定式短語
, we need to do sports. 為了學(xué)習(xí)好, 我們需要做體育運動。4. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語In this picture, a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree,______________. 在這幅圖中, 一個鳥媽媽呆在一棵大樹的鳥巢里, 觀看她的鳥仔飛走。5. 過去分詞短語
, mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient. 與信件和公用電話相比, 手機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)更快也更方便。6. 介詞短語
, he encourages us to think by ourselves. 他鼓勵我們獨立思考, 而不是馬上告訴我們答案。即時練習(xí)按括號中的提示翻譯下列句子。
1. 我是李華, 四川的一個學(xué)生。(同位語)I’m Li Hua, _________________________________.
. 合并句子:
⑴ The moon travels round the earth once every month.
⑵ The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語)
_______________________________________________________________________________
. 合并句子：
⑴ He was well known for his expert advice.
⑵ He was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.(過去分詞短語)
______________________________________________________________________________
、簡單句合并成復(fù)合句
1.有時為了使句子的連貫性更強, 表達也更為貼切、自然, 我們在兩個或者多個簡單句之間加上and, but, or(或者, 否則), for (因為), while(而, 卻), when(就在這個時候), not only ...but also等并列連詞, 使其成為并列句。
⑴ Our outdoor activity will last three hours. We’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.
→Our outdoor activity will last three hours ______ we’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.
⑵ You must hurry. You’ll miss the plane. →You must hurry _____ you’ll miss the plane.
⑶ Honey is sweet. The bee stings. →Honey is sweet _____ the bee stings.
2. 在兩個或者多個簡單句之間加上when, after, as, because, where, which, who等從屬連詞, 可以使簡單句變成復(fù)合句。如：
⑴ We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改為含定語從句的復(fù)合句)
→We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club______we can not only practise but also learn more English.
⑵ He missed the first bus. He came to school late.(改為含狀語從句的復(fù)合句)
→_______ he missed the first bus, he came to school late.→He missed the first bus, _____ he came to school late.
【即時練習(xí)
將下列各組句子合并成并列復(fù)合句或主從復(fù)合句。
1. He was tired. He went to bed. He was tired, _____ he went to bed.
2. Our teacher must be at home. The door is open.
=Our teacher must be at home, _____ the door is open.
3. ⑴ A satellite is an object. ⑵ A satellite travels in an orbit round another object in space.
⑶ A satellite is either natural or man-made.
=A satellite is an object, either natural or man-made, ______ travels in an orbit round another object in space.
4. ⑴ We high school students do have some growing pains.
⑵ We can get rid of them correctly and wisely.
=We high school students do have some growing pains, _____ we can get rid of them correctly and wisely.
5. ⑴ There was once a famous detective. ⑵ He was named Sherlock Holmes. ⑶ He lived in London.
⑷ The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.
=_____________________________________________________________________________
6. ⑴ The other day we had an English speech contest.⑵ I won the first prize in the contest.
=_____________________________________________________________________________
7. ⑴ Students can improve their writing ability in this way.
⑵ They can strengthen their self-confidence.
=____________________________________________________________________________
四、使用高級結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 使用強調(diào)句。
用do, does, did強調(diào)一般時態(tài)的謂語動詞; 用it is ...that ...強調(diào)謂語之外的各種句子成分。
her father recognized her. 直到她摘下眼鏡她父親才認出她。
2. 使用倒裝句。
learn English well. 只有用這種方法我們才可以學(xué)好英語。
3. 使用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
, I couldn’t go on studying. 由于那噪音的持續(xù), 我無法繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。
4. 使用非謂語動詞。
at the southwest corner of our school, the botanical garden has an area of 1000 square metres. 校園西南角/面積1000平方米。
5. 恰當使用被動句。
Above all, something to stop polluting. 最重要的是, 必須釆取某些措施來阻止污染。
6. 使用各類從句, 如使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。There’re many kinds of tea in China,
Longjing Tea is famous all over the world.
7. “數(shù)詞+名詞”改用“as many as+數(shù)詞+名詞”。
A great number of buildings were destroyed, leaving
10, 000, 000 people homeless.
8. 使用what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
was to find she was such a fine swimmer. 使我大為吃驚的是, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她竟是一位優(yōu)秀的游泳選手。
9. 適當使用插入語。
如I guess, I think， I believe, however, in a way，in my opinion, in other words, in brief, that is to say, generally speaking, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, to be honest, as we know, what’s worse等。
. 獨立主格：將主從句去掉連詞，前句動詞變?yōu)榉衷~即可。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.?
1. 感嘆句：凡是“I feel ……”之類表達感情的句子皆可如此改造。
How terrible I felt today! I failed again in the math exam.
1．虛擬語氣
The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.
the efforts of the captain, the ship __________ with all on board.
【即時練習(xí)使用上述潤色技巧, 合并或改寫下列句子。
1. I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school.(強調(diào)句)
2. We can live a happy life only by this means.(倒裝)
3. He fell asleep. The lights were still on. (with結(jié)構(gòu))
4. When I heard that, I was much moved.(非謂語動詞)
5. They carried out a survey among 260 students.(被動語態(tài))
6. They were faced with many problems. They didn’t lose heart.(非謂語動詞)
7. It was getting dark. And it began to rain.(插入語)
8. He worked very hard. He made great progress in his study.(改為復(fù)合句)
9. He offered me a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over again. (what引導(dǎo)的主語從句)
