煎蛋小學(xué)堂:英語百科第19課:顛覆人類世界觀的量子理論

由雕龍文庫 分享時(shí)間：2024-03-25 16:24:36 收藏本文

To understand the true nature of the universe,there are a few ideas that pretty much everyone agrees on.為了理解宇宙的真正本質(zhì)，絕大多數(shù)人都會同意這幾個(gè)概念。

Like theres an objective reality made of space and time.Or nothing can travel faster than light.And things that happened are caused by other things.But,we humans are free to choose what we do.These ideas make up our modern view of reality.But,theres a problem:they cant actually all be right at the same time.Whys that?比如空間和時(shí)間構(gòu)成了客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。或者“任何物體都不能超過光速”，還有所發(fā)生的事情都是另一些事造成的。但是，我們?nèi)祟惗加凶杂蛇x擇權(quán)。這些概念構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)代人對現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀念。但有個(gè)問題，它們不能同時(shí)都是正確的。為什么？Well,in the quantum world,two particles like photons can be entangled,so that when you observe one,it affects the other,When this happens,we know that some sort of weird influence travels between the particles,almost instantaneously,faster than even the speed of light.在量子世界中，兩個(gè)光子或者其他微粒糾纏在一起，因此觀測任意一方都會影響另一方。當(dāng)這發(fā)生時(shí)，我們知道有一種奇怪的影響，會在粒子間傳遞傳遞幾乎是即刻的。速度比光速還快。But according to Einsteins Theory of Special Relativity,Nothing can travel faster than light.So either relativity is wrong or somehow reality is bigger than just normal space and time.But in fact,either way stuff that travels faster than light is the major problem.Since space and time are woven together,sending an influence faster than light means you can send it back in time.And that means you can have all kinds of weird things.like effects happening before the things that cause them.但是根據(jù)愛因斯坦的狹義相對論，任何物體無法超過光速。那么要么相對論錯(cuò)了，要么現(xiàn)實(shí)并不僅僅是常說的空間和時(shí)間。而事實(shí)上無論如何超過光速的物體才是主要問題。因?yàn)榭臻g和時(shí)間交織在一起，將影響因素超光速傳送意味著你能把送到時(shí)間之前，這就意味著你能讓各種奇異事件發(fā)生，比如后果在原因之前發(fā)生。How does that work?Well,just like how quantum particles can sort of being two places at once,recent research says it maybe possible for them to be at two different times at once.This means that at the most basic level of the universe,cause and effect maybe meaningless,But it gets even worse.那么它是怎么做到的？正如量子微粒可以在同一時(shí)間出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)地方一樣，近期的研究說明，他們也可能呈現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)，這就意味著在宇宙的最基本層面上，因果關(guān)系也許毫無意義。更糟的還在后面。At its heart,quantum mechanics can never tell you exactly where particle will be,It only gives probabilities.And it is not like if we only have more information or better math,we can make a more precise prediction.The only way to know what a particle would do is for us to choose to measure it.在其核心內(nèi)，量子力學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)不能告訴你微粒的精確位置，它只給出一些概率，這并不是說如果我們有更多的信息或者計(jì)算更精確，就能得到一個(gè)更精確的假設(shè)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)粒子行為的唯一方法就是去測量它.Until then,it actually really is fundamentally random.Unless we are actually choosing anything.If we get rid of the idea that we had a choice of when and how we measures the particle,then maybe it was somehow destined to be where and when we found it.That would mean the fundamental reality isnt random.But would also mean we have no free will.直到這時(shí)，本質(zhì)上說它還是隨機(jī)的，除非我們選擇了一切，如果我們拋棄“自己可以選擇何時(shí)通過什么方式測量微?！边@個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那么我們在某時(shí)某地找到它就是件命中注定的事了。這也就意味著現(xiàn)實(shí)的本質(zhì)并非隨機(jī)，但也意味著我們沒有自由意志。We have to belive our choices are just illusions and consiousness are just the side effect of completely predictable chemical reactions going on in our brains.Or something like that.So if you like relativity,you cant have normal space and time.If you want cause and effect,you can have free will.我們得相信，我們所有的選擇只是幻象，意識只是大腦中所發(fā)生的，完全可預(yù)知的化學(xué)反應(yīng)的副產(chǎn)物，或者是類似的事情。如果你偏愛相對論你就失去了常規(guī)的空間時(shí)間意識。如果你愛因果論，你就有自由意志。Our best theories about the way the universe works contradict each other.Does that mean science is wrong?Not really.Whats more likely is that our brains evolve to understand.space and time or cause and effect.because those things have mattered for our survival for most of our evolutionary history.對于宇宙的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)方式，我們最好的幾個(gè)理論都是互相矛盾。這是否意味著科學(xué)不科學(xué)。不僅如此。更可能的原因是我們的大腦在進(jìn)化中理解，空間和時(shí)間或者因果關(guān)系，是因?yàn)檫@些事在人類的進(jìn)化史上關(guān)乎到我們的存亡.But while they maybe important to us humans.nothing says that space and time,or cause and effect have to be key features for the universe,That doesnt mean reality is actually controlled by.I dont know,invisible unicorns?但盡管它們對我們?nèi)祟惪赡芎苤匾?，沒有什么東西說明空間和時(shí)間或者因果關(guān)系，一定是宇宙的主要特征，這并不意味著宇宙實(shí)際上是被，額... 隱形獨(dú)角獸控制的？Just that understanding the true nature of life,the universe and everything was never supposed to be easy.只是理解事物的本質(zhì)，比如生命宇宙以及一切從來都不是件簡單的事。

Like theres an objective reality made of space and time.Or nothing can travel faster than light.And things that happened are caused by other things.But,we humans are free to choose what we do.These ideas make up our modern view of reality.But,theres a problem:they cant actually all be right at the same time.Whys that?比如空間和時(shí)間構(gòu)成了客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)?；蛘摺叭魏挝矬w都不能超過光速”，還有所發(fā)生的事情都是另一些事造成的。但是，我們?nèi)祟惗加凶杂蛇x擇權(quán)。這些概念構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)代人對現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀念。但有個(gè)問題，它們不能同時(shí)都是正確的。為什么？Well,in the quantum world,two particles like photons can be entangled,so that when you observe one,it affects the other,When this happens,we know that some sort of weird influence travels between the particles,almost instantaneously,faster than even the speed of light.在量子世界中，兩個(gè)光子或者其他微粒糾纏在一起，因此觀測任意一方都會影響另一方。當(dāng)這發(fā)生時(shí)，我們知道有一種奇怪的影響，會在粒子間傳遞傳遞幾乎是即刻的。速度比光速還快。But according to Einsteins Theory of Special Relativity,Nothing can travel faster than light.So either relativity is wrong or somehow reality is bigger than just normal space and time.But in fact,either way stuff that travels faster than light is the major problem.Since space and time are woven together,sending an influence faster than light means you can send it back in time.And that means you can have all kinds of weird things.like effects happening before the things that cause them.但是根據(jù)愛因斯坦的狹義相對論，任何物體無法超過光速。那么要么相對論錯(cuò)了，要么現(xiàn)實(shí)并不僅僅是常說的空間和時(shí)間。而事實(shí)上無論如何超過光速的物體才是主要問題。因?yàn)榭臻g和時(shí)間交織在一起，將影響因素超光速傳送意味著你能把送到時(shí)間之前，這就意味著你能讓各種奇異事件發(fā)生，比如后果在原因之前發(fā)生。How does that work?Well,just like how quantum particles can sort of being two places at once,recent research says it maybe possible for them to be at two different times at once.This means that at the most basic level of the universe,cause and effect maybe meaningless,But it gets even worse.那么它是怎么做到的？正如量子微?？梢栽谕粫r(shí)間出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)地方一樣，近期的研究說明，他們也可能呈現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)，這就意味著在宇宙的最基本層面上，因果關(guān)系也許毫無意義。更糟的還在后面。At its heart,quantum mechanics can never tell you exactly where particle will be,It only gives probabilities.And it is not like if we only have more information or better math,we can make a more precise prediction.The only way to know what a particle would do is for us to choose to measure it.在其核心內(nèi)，量子力學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)不能告訴你微粒的精確位置，它只給出一些概率，這并不是說如果我們有更多的信息或者計(jì)算更精確，就能得到一個(gè)更精確的假設(shè)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)粒子行為的唯一方法就是去測量它.Until then,it actually really is fundamentally random.Unless we are actually choosing anything.If we get rid of the idea that we had a choice of when and how we measures the particle,then maybe it was somehow destined to be where and when we found it.That would mean the fundamental reality isnt random.But would also mean we have no free will.直到這時(shí)，本質(zhì)上說它還是隨機(jī)的，除非我們選擇了一切，如果我們拋棄“自己可以選擇何時(shí)通過什么方式測量微?！边@個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那么我們在某時(shí)某地找到它就是件命中注定的事了。這也就意味著現(xiàn)實(shí)的本質(zhì)并非隨機(jī)，但也意味著我們沒有自由意志。We have to belive our choices are just illusions and consiousness are just the side effect of completely predictable chemical reactions going on in our brains.Or something like that.So if you like relativity,you cant have normal space and time.If you want cause and effect,you can have free will.我們得相信，我們所有的選擇只是幻象，意識只是大腦中所發(fā)生的，完全可預(yù)知的化學(xué)反應(yīng)的副產(chǎn)物，或者是類似的事情。如果你偏愛相對論你就失去了常規(guī)的空間時(shí)間意識。如果你愛因果論，你就有自由意志。Our best theories about the way the universe works contradict each other.Does that mean science is wrong?Not really.Whats more likely is that our brains evolve to understand.space and time or cause and effect.because those things have mattered for our survival for most of our evolutionary history.對于宇宙的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)方式，我們最好的幾個(gè)理論都是互相矛盾。這是否意味著科學(xué)不科學(xué)。不僅如此。更可能的原因是我們的大腦在進(jìn)化中理解，空間和時(shí)間或者因果關(guān)系，是因?yàn)檫@些事在人類的進(jìn)化史上關(guān)乎到我們的存亡.But while they maybe important to us humans.nothing says that space and time,or cause and effect have to be key features for the universe,That doesnt mean reality is actually controlled by.I dont know,invisible unicorns?但盡管它們對我們?nèi)祟惪赡芎苤匾?，沒有什么東西說明空間和時(shí)間或者因果關(guān)系，一定是宇宙的主要特征，這并不意味著宇宙實(shí)際上是被，額... 隱形獨(dú)角獸控制的？Just that understanding the true nature of life,the universe and everything was never supposed to be easy.只是理解事物的本質(zhì)，比如生命宇宙以及一切從來都不是件簡單的事。