2024年職稱英語考試綜合類語法知識講解:第十三講讓步狀語
4) 讓步狀語從句:
主要連接詞:although (雖然)/ even if (though) (即使)/ while (盡管)后兩個是考試的重點。no matter what (= whatever無論什么) / no matter how (=however, 無論怎樣) / whetheror not (不論還是)這是讓步句考試的重點。
例如:
No matter what (或Whatever) may happen, we will not change our plan. (無論可能發(fā)生什么,我們決不改變計劃。)
No matter how difficult (或However difficult) the journey may be, we will not change our plan. (不管路程有多難,我們決不改變計劃。)
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill (或whether she is ill or not)。(無論她身體好壞,我們都不應(yīng)使她煩惱。)
注意:no matter what后面跟名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu);no matter how后面跟形容詞或副詞,不要搞錯;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.
5) 比較狀語從句:
這是英語語法必考內(nèi)容,要特別加以重視。
基本概念:兩個比較級,三個或三個以上最高級。要對數(shù)字2特別敏感,試選擇:
Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?
A. smart B.the smartest
C. more smarter D.the smarter
解題思路:很顯然這是一道考形容詞比較級的題目,從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選題A可以判斷smart是個形容詞原級,因此可以斷定C的形式錯了(重復(fù)比較,如不能說more happier 一樣的道理)。B是最高級,但句中只有兩個人Mary 和Jane,因此正確答案只能是D,這是一個較特殊的比較級句型,即the + 形容詞比較級 + of (兩個)。
比較級的主要句型:
(1) 原級比較:as +形容詞或副詞原級+ as, 否定式:not so (或as) +形容詞或副詞原級+ as
注意問題:asas 之間的形容詞或副詞是否采用了原級;asas 之間該用形容詞還是副詞;用as much as 還是用as many as
表示倍數(shù)時用下面結(jié)構(gòu), 如3倍:three times as as
例如:
The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.
A.three times as much as B.as three times much as
C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as
解題思路:B、C違反了上述句型規(guī)定,A、D的區(qū)別是size(大小 / 尺寸)是與much搭配還是與big搭配,D是對的。
?。?) 比較級:more than
注意:
1) 比較形式是否正確,如是否有類似more better這樣重復(fù)比較的錯誤;
2)兩者之間是比較級,三者以上是最高級,看看是兩者還是三者或三者以上;
3)只有同類的人或物才能比較(可比性);比較不能包括自己, 常用other表示排除。
例如不能說:
He is taller than any students in this class.
而應(yīng)說:
He is taller than any other student(s) in this class.
4)修飾比較級的詞有:much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等,例如:
John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse (than John did)。
你能看出下句的問題嗎?
His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher. ( 他是個公共汽車司機(jī),他的工資要比教師高。)
該句有兩個大錯1)high的比較級為higher,2)主語his salary(他的工資)而比較對象是a teacher,兩者不可比,怎樣的表達(dá)才是對的呢?請選擇:
His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.
A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher
C.than a teachers D.than that of a teachers
正確答案是C,也可以寫成than that of a teacher(請聯(lián)系名詞格的概念想一想)
最高級the most of +比較范圍 / 最高級+名詞+that (不是which)定語從句,例如:
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. (這是我看過的最有趣的電影。)
the morethe more
The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them. (眼鏡戴的時間越長越有依賴性。)
考試時,一般只要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)the 和比較級形式就不難判別。
其他表示比較意思的形式
A is superior / inferior to B(A 比B高級 / 低級)
注意:superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.
例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.(人比動物高級在于人能用語言進(jìn)行交際。)
prefer rather than (寧可而不)
例如:
I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there. (我寧可呆在外面受冷,也不在那兒過夜。)
Would ratherthan (用法和意思與上句型差不多)
4) 讓步狀語從句:
主要連接詞:although (雖然)/ even if (though) (即使)/ while (盡管)后兩個是考試的重點。no matter what (= whatever無論什么) / no matter how (=however, 無論怎樣) / whetheror not (不論還是)這是讓步句考試的重點。
例如:
No matter what (或Whatever) may happen, we will not change our plan. (無論可能發(fā)生什么,我們決不改變計劃。)
No matter how difficult (或However difficult) the journey may be, we will not change our plan. (不管路程有多難,我們決不改變計劃。)
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill (或whether she is ill or not)。(無論她身體好壞,我們都不應(yīng)使她煩惱。)
注意:no matter what后面跟名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu);no matter how后面跟形容詞或副詞,不要搞錯;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.
5) 比較狀語從句:
這是英語語法必考內(nèi)容,要特別加以重視。
基本概念:兩個比較級,三個或三個以上最高級。要對數(shù)字2特別敏感,試選擇:
Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?
A. smart B.the smartest
C. more smarter D.the smarter
解題思路:很顯然這是一道考形容詞比較級的題目,從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選題A可以判斷smart是個形容詞原級,因此可以斷定C的形式錯了(重復(fù)比較,如不能說more happier 一樣的道理)。B是最高級,但句中只有兩個人Mary 和Jane,因此正確答案只能是D,這是一個較特殊的比較級句型,即the + 形容詞比較級 + of (兩個)。
比較級的主要句型:
(1) 原級比較:as +形容詞或副詞原級+ as, 否定式:not so (或as) +形容詞或副詞原級+ as
注意問題:asas 之間的形容詞或副詞是否采用了原級;asas 之間該用形容詞還是副詞;用as much as 還是用as many as
表示倍數(shù)時用下面結(jié)構(gòu), 如3倍:three times as as
例如:
The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.
A.three times as much as B.as three times much as
C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as
解題思路:B、C違反了上述句型規(guī)定,A、D的區(qū)別是size(大小 / 尺寸)是與much搭配還是與big搭配,D是對的。
?。?) 比較級:more than
注意:
1) 比較形式是否正確,如是否有類似more better這樣重復(fù)比較的錯誤;
2)兩者之間是比較級,三者以上是最高級,看看是兩者還是三者或三者以上;
3)只有同類的人或物才能比較(可比性);比較不能包括自己, 常用other表示排除。
例如不能說:
He is taller than any students in this class.
而應(yīng)說:
He is taller than any other student(s) in this class.
4)修飾比較級的詞有:much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等,例如:
John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse (than John did)。
你能看出下句的問題嗎?
His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher. ( 他是個公共汽車司機(jī),他的工資要比教師高。)
該句有兩個大錯1)high的比較級為higher,2)主語his salary(他的工資)而比較對象是a teacher,兩者不可比,怎樣的表達(dá)才是對的呢?請選擇:
His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.
A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher
C.than a teachers D.than that of a teachers
正確答案是C,也可以寫成than that of a teacher(請聯(lián)系名詞格的概念想一想)
最高級the most of +比較范圍 / 最高級+名詞+that (不是which)定語從句,例如:
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. (這是我看過的最有趣的電影。)
the morethe more
The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them. (眼鏡戴的時間越長越有依賴性。)
考試時,一般只要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)the 和比較級形式就不難判別。
其他表示比較意思的形式
A is superior / inferior to B(A 比B高級 / 低級)
注意:superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.
例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.(人比動物高級在于人能用語言進(jìn)行交際。)
prefer rather than (寧可而不)
例如:
I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there. (我寧可呆在外面受冷,也不在那兒過夜。)
Would ratherthan (用法和意思與上句型差不多)