英語講義【138】形似義異的句子
英語句子千變萬化,但都有一定的句法。有些句子,外表相似,但含義不同。有時兩個句子中,只有一個字不同,甚至只有一個標點不同,句子的意思也跟著不同。有趣的是,句子越淺白,問題可能越多。
現在看看這兩個句子:
(1) Ken said he had been fairly well treated.
(2) Ken said he had been fairly treated.
這兩個句子都有副詞fairly,但是在(1)里,它是個程度副詞(adverb of degree),意思是相當地。在(2)里,它是個狀態副詞(adverb of manner),意思是公平地。第一個fairly修飾另一個副詞well;第二個fairly修飾動詞treated。
再看看這兩個句子:
(3) Jimmy didnt buy the coat because it did not fit him.
(4) Jimmy didnt buy the coat because it did not suit him.
(3)和(4)的唯一差別是在動詞fit和suit。前者指尺寸;后者指款式。區區一字之別,意思大不相同。
最后,比較下面四組句子,看看它們又如何形似義異:
(5) Samuel, the manager, told me that he was leaving the job.
(6) Samuel, the manager, told me to leave the job.
這兩句主要的不同根源在told這動詞的內涵。(5)里的間接引語(indirect speech)是個陳述句(declarative sentence)。(6)里的間接引語是個祈使句(imperative sentence)。這兩句的直接引語(direct speech)如下:
- I am leaving the job, said Samuel, the manager.
- Leave the job ! said Samuel, the manager.
(7) The tourist spent two days in Singapore.
(8) The tourist spent two days on Singapore.
這兩句的差別僅在介詞in和on。
(7)里的意思就是旅客在新加坡觀光兩天。(8)里的目的不是觀光,而是研究。(7)里指的是spending time sightseeing Singapore。 (8)里指的是spending time studying about Singapore.
(9) I had a view of the London Bridge.
(10) I had a view from the London Bridge.
這兩句的差別也在兩個不同的介詞:of 和from。
在(9)里,倫敦大橋是說話人觀看的目標。在(10)里,倫敦大橋是說話人的立足點,去看別的東西。
(11) John helped her do the office work.
(12) John helped her to do the office work.
(11)表示約翰直接和全面的幫助她,從而減輕她的負擔。(12)并不指直接投入有關的工作,而是以其他方式協助她,讓她完成自己的任務。
英語句子千變萬化,但都有一定的句法。有些句子,外表相似,但含義不同。有時兩個句子中,只有一個字不同,甚至只有一個標點不同,句子的意思也跟著不同。有趣的是,句子越淺白,問題可能越多。
現在看看這兩個句子:
(1) Ken said he had been fairly well treated.
(2) Ken said he had been fairly treated.
這兩個句子都有副詞fairly,但是在(1)里,它是個程度副詞(adverb of degree),意思是相當地。在(2)里,它是個狀態副詞(adverb of manner),意思是公平地。第一個fairly修飾另一個副詞well;第二個fairly修飾動詞treated。
再看看這兩個句子:
(3) Jimmy didnt buy the coat because it did not fit him.
(4) Jimmy didnt buy the coat because it did not suit him.
(3)和(4)的唯一差別是在動詞fit和suit。前者指尺寸;后者指款式。區區一字之別,意思大不相同。
最后,比較下面四組句子,看看它們又如何形似義異:
(5) Samuel, the manager, told me that he was leaving the job.
(6) Samuel, the manager, told me to leave the job.
這兩句主要的不同根源在told這動詞的內涵。(5)里的間接引語(indirect speech)是個陳述句(declarative sentence)。(6)里的間接引語是個祈使句(imperative sentence)。這兩句的直接引語(direct speech)如下:
- I am leaving the job, said Samuel, the manager.
- Leave the job ! said Samuel, the manager.
(7) The tourist spent two days in Singapore.
(8) The tourist spent two days on Singapore.
這兩句的差別僅在介詞in和on。
(7)里的意思就是旅客在新加坡觀光兩天。(8)里的目的不是觀光,而是研究。(7)里指的是spending time sightseeing Singapore。 (8)里指的是spending time studying about Singapore.
(9) I had a view of the London Bridge.
(10) I had a view from the London Bridge.
這兩句的差別也在兩個不同的介詞:of 和from。
在(9)里,倫敦大橋是說話人觀看的目標。在(10)里,倫敦大橋是說話人的立足點,去看別的東西。
(11) John helped her do the office work.
(12) John helped her to do the office work.
(11)表示約翰直接和全面的幫助她,從而減輕她的負擔。(12)并不指直接投入有關的工作,而是以其他方式協助她,讓她完成自己的任務。