大學(xué)英語六級考試改錯題最后沖刺攻略
隨著2023年6月四六級考試的臨近，同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)也進(jìn)入了最后的沖刺階段。如何盡最大限度利用好這剩下的十多天時間提高自己的改錯成績。改錯作為六級考試的重要組成部分,一直是很多同學(xué)比較頭疼的一項(xiàng),感覺要在那么短的時間內(nèi)找出10個錯誤,實(shí)在不是一件容易的事.從得分情況來看,改錯單項(xiàng)得分率一直不高,有的同學(xué)甚至表達(dá)了放棄的念頭。
改錯到底有多難?從本質(zhì)上說,改錯就是考查考生最基本的語法,詞匯掌握情況,難度應(yīng)該是適中的,因此同學(xué)們一定得加強(qiáng)基本功的訓(xùn)練.但到現(xiàn)在這個階段,加強(qiáng)基本功實(shí)在是不怎么現(xiàn)實(shí),如何迅速提高同學(xué)們六級改錯的正確率才是擺在眼前的首要問題.我通過對2004年1月至2007年1月全部改錯題目的仔細(xì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其命題有著很強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性,一些考點(diǎn)更是屢考不爽,這就為同學(xué)們最后階段迅速提高改錯成績提供了可能.筆者想通過本文來揭示六級改錯題的一些命題規(guī)律,總結(jié)7大核心考點(diǎn),以期對同學(xué)們最后的沖刺復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助：
1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
這主要是指由and或or連接的幾個并列成分在形式上必須保持一致.這一考點(diǎn)在歷年六級改錯中出現(xiàn)頻率相當(dāng)高,同學(xué)們要給予相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?
At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief inour democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.這里的writing顯然與think和analyze并列,因此應(yīng)該用同樣的形式,所以應(yīng)該改成write.
Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment .這里的lazy應(yīng)該與stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此該用名詞形式laziness.
Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.通過and將restrict和listing聯(lián)系起來表示并列關(guān)系,所以listing應(yīng)該用原形list.
How do you know how to act in a classroom,
or a department store, or toward a person who
smiles or laugh at you?
這里的smiles和laugh肯定應(yīng)該用同樣的形式,而前面的
a person又提示我們該使用第三人稱單數(shù),所以將laugh改成laughs.
Most experts believe this can continue even as
ifthe population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding
10 billion people will not be easy for politics,
economic and environmental reasons.同樣,這里的politics應(yīng)該改成political和
economic, environmental并列。
(6)Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are
producing a plant with few stems and more seeds.
few應(yīng)該與more形成對應(yīng),所以應(yīng)改成比較級形式fewer.
2.A--A型錯誤。
所謂A--A型錯誤,就是指六級改錯命題經(jīng)常將形容詞與副詞混淆.這時我們的任務(wù)就是將文中的形容詞換成它的副詞形式,或?qū)⒏痹~換成形容詞：
Science should not only befunin the same way
as playing a video game, but hard fun----a deep
feeling of connection made possibly only by
imaginative engagement.我們都知道m(xù)ake sth possible, possible做為賓語補(bǔ)足語，那用被動語態(tài)就是sth be made possible,所以這里的possibly應(yīng)該改成possible.
Mass literacy is a relative new social goal.顯然這里表示相對地意思,因此要將relative改成它的副詞形式relatively.注意:relative改成 relatively不是第一次出現(xiàn)了，在04年1月的改錯題中也出現(xiàn)過。
A good CV is your passport to an interview and,
ultimate, to the job you want. ultimate在兩個逗號之間，肯定得用副詞形式ultimately.
She says efforts are continuing to complete end
the disease.complete要改成副詞形式completely修飾動詞end。
The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients
freely for the last five years.可以看出這里freely想表示免費(fèi)的意思,所以應(yīng)該改成形容詞形式free.
Culture is essentially to our humanness.be essential to是一個固定搭配,表示對...
很重要,所以essentially應(yīng)該換成形容詞essential.
Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like pres-
ent-day Somalia顯然應(yīng)該用副詞relatively來修飾動詞過去分詞isolated,表示相對隔絕的。
注意:A--A題錯誤有一種變體題型AN.所謂AN題型,
就是指A與N之間的混淆,舉例如下：
Now what started in schools across the country is
playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly
having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri-
can public.在國內(nèi)舞臺應(yīng)該是on a national stage,在這里名詞nation要改成它的形容詞形式national。
Understanding the original of the negative attit-
udes towards science may help us to modify them.
表示起源顯然要用名詞形式
origin,這里用形容詞original是錯誤的。
3.邏輯錯誤。
這種錯誤一般得根據(jù)上下文判斷得出，分析這么多年六級改錯的邏輯錯誤，答案無一例外都是將文中某個用錯的詞改成它的反義詞或添上一個否定詞，這里要求同學(xué)們掌握一些常用的否定詞綴，如in-、un-等等，因?yàn)橛械男稳菰~加上否定詞綴就變成了它的反義詞,舉例如下：
the leaders of our country are unconsciously
sending the message that reading may be connected
to desirable activities thatdesirable undesirable
The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a
time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient.
efficient inefficient.本題中
efficient和laborious與boring并列,根據(jù)并列成分意思一致原則,也可以推斷出這里的efficient應(yīng)該換成它的反義詞.
But in the Information Age, no one can get by
with knowing how to read well and understand
increasingly complex material.with without.這里句子主語用了no one表示否定,而整個句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一個否定詞without
與no one構(gòu)成雙重否定表示肯定。
Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented
CV could mean acceptance, regardless of whats in
it.acceptance rejection
the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music,
literature, philosophy, or history. unfamiliar familiar
Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like
present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good
harvests, the worlds food crisis has remained just
around the corner.good
poor/bad
Get someone to check for spelling and grammatic-
al errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every
mistake.根據(jù)上下文,這里應(yīng)該表示不能挑出每個錯誤，所以在pick up之前要加上否定詞not.
4.-ing型與-ed型改錯題。
此類題一般是動詞后面少了ing或ed,這種題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),值得注意。
-ing型改錯題分兩種情況:介詞后面或某些動詞后面跟著的動詞需要使用該動詞的-ing形式用一個逗號將一個動詞與其邏輯主語分開,該動詞需要用-ing分詞形式,舉例如下：
The House proposal would have barred the federal
government from demand library records.這里的demand應(yīng)該改成demanding,
bar/stop/prevent sth from doing為固定搭配,介詞from后面的動詞必須使用其-ing形式。
As a result, too many kids passed through school
without mastering the printed page.介詞后面跟的動詞通常都要加-ing形式,所以這里的master應(yīng)該改成mastering.
Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject
pile.avoid后面跟動詞要加-ing, 所以end改成ending.
This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12
months, depend on the form of the disease.一個逗號將depend on和其邏輯主語this modern treatment分開,因此depend要用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式
depending.
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people----
the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting
that characterize a population or society, include the
expression of these patterns in material things.和上一題一樣,這里的include同樣得用分詞形式including.
-ed型改錯:
If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking
in a professional setting這里的one指代前文的photo,我們都知道照相用take a photo,
所以這里的one和take應(yīng)該表示被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用take的過去分詞taken做后置定語。
The rule here is to keep it factual and truthful-----
exaggerations usually get find out.表示被發(fā)現(xiàn)顯然要用過去分詞found out.
注意:-ed型改錯從本質(zhì)上說就是要能發(fā)現(xiàn)動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,動詞是施動者,而其邏輯主語接收動詞發(fā)出的動作.這和被動語態(tài)實(shí)際上是一個道理,下面舉幾個被動語態(tài)的題:
The day the NEA report released.這個報(bào)告被發(fā)表,所以在report和released之間要加上was.
Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as
well-----and not getting help.
受到影響顯然要用被動語態(tài),所以affecting要改成過去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改錯命題專家比較偏愛的一個詞,在05年1月的改錯中考查了effect與affect的區(qū)別,大家對這個詞要好好掌握。
The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by
leprosy.這里的the countries作為邏輯主語,與后面的動詞threaten成被動關(guān)系,而且后面句子的形式threatened by leprosy也提示我們這里應(yīng)該在threate-
ned的前面加上系動詞are.
5.單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤與主謂不一致錯誤。
這個考點(diǎn)在六級改錯中出現(xiàn)的也很頻繁,同學(xué)們對這種錯誤也比較熟悉,做題時一定得仔細(xì)觀察句子的主語：
Most education system neglect exploration, under-
standing and reflection.句子的主語是education system，而前面的most和后面的neglect都提示我們這里主語應(yīng)該是個復(fù)數(shù),所以將system改成systems.
There is therefore a need for resources and
methods of teaching that facilitates a deep under-
standing of science in an enjoyable way.這里facilitates前面跟的主語是resources and methods of teaching,主語是復(fù)數(shù),所以根據(jù)主謂一致原則,要把facilitates改成facilitate。
New screening tests are identifying children at
risk before they get discouraged by year of frustra-
tion and failure.表示多年的沮喪與失敗是一個復(fù)數(shù)的概念,因此要把year改成years.
physical object like cooking pots, computers and
bathtubs.這里的主語是physical object，也就是后面的那么些東西,因?yàn)椴恢挂粯訓(xùn)|西,所以object得用復(fù)數(shù)形式objects.
There is no guarantee that plant breeders can cont-
inue to develop new, higher-yielding crop在形容詞前沒有不定冠詞,所以可以認(rèn)為這里的crop表示一個復(fù)數(shù)概念,因此用crops.
6.指代錯誤與冠詞錯誤。
同單復(fù)數(shù)一樣,解指代錯誤題也要關(guān)注指代的對象到底是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù):
During the 1980s culture wars, school systems
across the country pulled some books from library
shelves because its content was deemed by parents
and teachers to be inappropriate.這里its指代前面的some books，所以物主代詞應(yīng)該是
their而不是its.
As a result, children memorize processes such as
mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to
forget it shortly afterwards.
容易發(fā)現(xiàn)it指代前面的processes，因?yàn)槭菑?fù)數(shù),所以該用復(fù)數(shù)的賓格them.
At same time地球人都知道的at the same time是固定短語。
in first paragraph序數(shù)詞前面要加the，這是初中的知識。
a number of leprosy cases around the world has
been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years.
表示數(shù)量多少應(yīng)該用the number of
The fast-growing populations demand for food,
they warned, would soon exceed their supply這里的their指代population，而人口是一個單數(shù)的概念,所以物主代詞要用its.
隨著2023年6月四六級考試的臨近，同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)也進(jìn)入了最后的沖刺階段。如何盡最大限度利用好這剩下的十多天時間提高自己的改錯成績。改錯作為六級考試的重要組成部分,一直是很多同學(xué)比較頭疼的一項(xiàng),感覺要在那么短的時間內(nèi)找出10個錯誤,實(shí)在不是一件容易的事.從得分情況來看,改錯單項(xiàng)得分率一直不高,有的同學(xué)甚至表達(dá)了放棄的念頭。
改錯到底有多難?從本質(zhì)上說,改錯就是考查考生最基本的語法,詞匯掌握情況,難度應(yīng)該是適中的,因此同學(xué)們一定得加強(qiáng)基本功的訓(xùn)練.但到現(xiàn)在這個階段,加強(qiáng)基本功實(shí)在是不怎么現(xiàn)實(shí),如何迅速提高同學(xué)們六級改錯的正確率才是擺在眼前的首要問題.我通過對2004年1月至2007年1月全部改錯題目的仔細(xì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其命題有著很強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性,一些考點(diǎn)更是屢考不爽,這就為同學(xué)們最后階段迅速提高改錯成績提供了可能.筆者想通過本文來揭示六級改錯題的一些命題規(guī)律,總結(jié)7大核心考點(diǎn),以期對同學(xué)們最后的沖刺復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助：
1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
這主要是指由and或or連接的幾個并列成分在形式上必須保持一致.這一考點(diǎn)在歷年六級改錯中出現(xiàn)頻率相當(dāng)高,同學(xué)們要給予相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?
At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief inour democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.這里的writing顯然與think和analyze并列,因此應(yīng)該用同樣的形式,所以應(yīng)該改成write.
Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment .這里的lazy應(yīng)該與stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此該用名詞形式laziness.
Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.通過and將restrict和listing聯(lián)系起來表示并列關(guān)系,所以listing應(yīng)該用原形list.
How do you know how to act in a classroom,
or a department store, or toward a person who
smiles or laugh at you?
這里的smiles和laugh肯定應(yīng)該用同樣的形式,而前面的
a person又提示我們該使用第三人稱單數(shù),所以將laugh改成laughs.
Most experts believe this can continue even as
ifthe population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding
10 billion people will not be easy for politics,
economic and environmental reasons.同樣,這里的politics應(yīng)該改成political和
economic, environmental并列。
(6)Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are
producing a plant with few stems and more seeds.
few應(yīng)該與more形成對應(yīng),所以應(yīng)改成比較級形式fewer.
2.A--A型錯誤。
所謂A--A型錯誤,就是指六級改錯命題經(jīng)常將形容詞與副詞混淆.這時我們的任務(wù)就是將文中的形容詞換成它的副詞形式,或?qū)⒏痹~換成形容詞：
Science should not only befunin the same way
as playing a video game, but hard fun----a deep
feeling of connection made possibly only by
imaginative engagement.我們都知道m(xù)ake sth possible, possible做為賓語補(bǔ)足語，那用被動語態(tài)就是sth be made possible,所以這里的possibly應(yīng)該改成possible.
Mass literacy is a relative new social goal.顯然這里表示相對地意思,因此要將relative改成它的副詞形式relatively.注意:relative改成 relatively不是第一次出現(xiàn)了，在04年1月的改錯題中也出現(xiàn)過。
A good CV is your passport to an interview and,
ultimate, to the job you want. ultimate在兩個逗號之間，肯定得用副詞形式ultimately.
She says efforts are continuing to complete end
the disease.complete要改成副詞形式completely修飾動詞end。
The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients
freely for the last five years.可以看出這里freely想表示免費(fèi)的意思,所以應(yīng)該改成形容詞形式free.
Culture is essentially to our humanness.be essential to是一個固定搭配,表示對...
很重要,所以essentially應(yīng)該換成形容詞essential.
Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like pres-
ent-day Somalia顯然應(yīng)該用副詞relatively來修飾動詞過去分詞isolated,表示相對隔絕的。
注意:A--A題錯誤有一種變體題型AN.所謂AN題型,
就是指A與N之間的混淆,舉例如下：
Now what started in schools across the country is
playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly
having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri-
can public.在國內(nèi)舞臺應(yīng)該是on a national stage,在這里名詞nation要改成它的形容詞形式national。
Understanding the original of the negative attit-
udes towards science may help us to modify them.
表示起源顯然要用名詞形式
origin,這里用形容詞original是錯誤的。
3.邏輯錯誤。
這種錯誤一般得根據(jù)上下文判斷得出，分析這么多年六級改錯的邏輯錯誤，答案無一例外都是將文中某個用錯的詞改成它的反義詞或添上一個否定詞，這里要求同學(xué)們掌握一些常用的否定詞綴，如in-、un-等等，因?yàn)橛械男稳菰~加上否定詞綴就變成了它的反義詞,舉例如下：
the leaders of our country are unconsciously
sending the message that reading may be connected
to desirable activities thatdesirable undesirable
The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a
time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient.
efficient inefficient.本題中
efficient和laborious與boring并列,根據(jù)并列成分意思一致原則,也可以推斷出這里的efficient應(yīng)該換成它的反義詞.
But in the Information Age, no one can get by
with knowing how to read well and understand
increasingly complex material.with without.這里句子主語用了no one表示否定,而整個句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一個否定詞without
與no one構(gòu)成雙重否定表示肯定。
Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented
CV could mean acceptance, regardless of whats in
it.acceptance rejection
the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music,
literature, philosophy, or history. unfamiliar familiar
Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like
present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good
harvests, the worlds food crisis has remained just
around the corner.good
poor/bad
Get someone to check for spelling and grammatic-
al errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every
mistake.根據(jù)上下文,這里應(yīng)該表示不能挑出每個錯誤，所以在pick up之前要加上否定詞not.
4.-ing型與-ed型改錯題。
此類題一般是動詞后面少了ing或ed,這種題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),值得注意。
-ing型改錯題分兩種情況:介詞后面或某些動詞后面跟著的動詞需要使用該動詞的-ing形式用一個逗號將一個動詞與其邏輯主語分開,該動詞需要用-ing分詞形式,舉例如下：
The House proposal would have barred the federal
government from demand library records.這里的demand應(yīng)該改成demanding,
bar/stop/prevent sth from doing為固定搭配,介詞from后面的動詞必須使用其-ing形式。
As a result, too many kids passed through school
without mastering the printed page.介詞后面跟的動詞通常都要加-ing形式,所以這里的master應(yīng)該改成mastering.
Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject
pile.avoid后面跟動詞要加-ing, 所以end改成ending.
This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12
months, depend on the form of the disease.一個逗號將depend on和其邏輯主語this modern treatment分開,因此depend要用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式
depending.
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people----
the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting
that characterize a population or society, include the
expression of these patterns in material things.和上一題一樣,這里的include同樣得用分詞形式including.
-ed型改錯:
If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking
in a professional setting這里的one指代前文的photo,我們都知道照相用take a photo,
所以這里的one和take應(yīng)該表示被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用take的過去分詞taken做后置定語。
The rule here is to keep it factual and truthful-----
exaggerations usually get find out.表示被發(fā)現(xiàn)顯然要用過去分詞found out.
注意:-ed型改錯從本質(zhì)上說就是要能發(fā)現(xiàn)動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,動詞是施動者,而其邏輯主語接收動詞發(fā)出的動作.這和被動語態(tài)實(shí)際上是一個道理,下面舉幾個被動語態(tài)的題:
The day the NEA report released.這個報(bào)告被發(fā)表,所以在report和released之間要加上was.
Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as
well-----and not getting help.
受到影響顯然要用被動語態(tài),所以affecting要改成過去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改錯命題專家比較偏愛的一個詞,在05年1月的改錯中考查了effect與affect的區(qū)別,大家對這個詞要好好掌握。
The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by
leprosy.這里的the countries作為邏輯主語,與后面的動詞threaten成被動關(guān)系,而且后面句子的形式threatened by leprosy也提示我們這里應(yīng)該在threate-
ned的前面加上系動詞are.
5.單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤與主謂不一致錯誤。
這個考點(diǎn)在六級改錯中出現(xiàn)的也很頻繁,同學(xué)們對這種錯誤也比較熟悉,做題時一定得仔細(xì)觀察句子的主語：
Most education system neglect exploration, under-
standing and reflection.句子的主語是education system，而前面的most和后面的neglect都提示我們這里主語應(yīng)該是個復(fù)數(shù),所以將system改成systems.
There is therefore a need for resources and
methods of teaching that facilitates a deep under-
standing of science in an enjoyable way.這里facilitates前面跟的主語是resources and methods of teaching,主語是復(fù)數(shù),所以根據(jù)主謂一致原則,要把facilitates改成facilitate。
New screening tests are identifying children at
risk before they get discouraged by year of frustra-
tion and failure.表示多年的沮喪與失敗是一個復(fù)數(shù)的概念,因此要把year改成years.
physical object like cooking pots, computers and
bathtubs.這里的主語是physical object，也就是后面的那么些東西,因?yàn)椴恢挂粯訓(xùn)|西,所以object得用復(fù)數(shù)形式objects.
There is no guarantee that plant breeders can cont-
inue to develop new, higher-yielding crop在形容詞前沒有不定冠詞,所以可以認(rèn)為這里的crop表示一個復(fù)數(shù)概念,因此用crops.
6.指代錯誤與冠詞錯誤。
同單復(fù)數(shù)一樣,解指代錯誤題也要關(guān)注指代的對象到底是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù):
During the 1980s culture wars, school systems
across the country pulled some books from library
shelves because its content was deemed by parents
and teachers to be inappropriate.這里its指代前面的some books，所以物主代詞應(yīng)該是
their而不是its.
As a result, children memorize processes such as
mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to
forget it shortly afterwards.
容易發(fā)現(xiàn)it指代前面的processes，因?yàn)槭菑?fù)數(shù),所以該用復(fù)數(shù)的賓格them.
At same time地球人都知道的at the same time是固定短語。
in first paragraph序數(shù)詞前面要加the，這是初中的知識。
a number of leprosy cases around the world has
been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years.
表示數(shù)量多少應(yīng)該用the number of
The fast-growing populations demand for food,
they warned, would soon exceed their supply這里的their指代population，而人口是一個單數(shù)的概念,所以物主代詞要用its.
