12月英語四級閱讀難點解析（5）
1.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they told.
主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了兩個并列的謂語動詞：noted 和confessed。or連接兩個名詞conversations和email exchanges構成并列結構，后面有定語從句they had和現在分詞短語lasting more then 10 minutes修飾。
譯文：在交流日記中，他們把長達10分鐘以上的談話或者電子郵件交流的次數記錄下來，并且承認了他們說謊的次數。
2.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to global as a concept.
主干：Its strategy rests
主句用了rest on短語。冒號后的first...and second...用以解釋說明冒號前的two beliefs，可以看做是該名詞短語的同位成分。with which引導定語從句修飾economies of scale。句末的be drawn to表示為...所吸引，as a concept介詞短語作global的后置定語，作為概念的全球化，或全球化概念。
譯文：公司的策略基于兩個信念：首先，全球性的產品能夠提供地方品牌無法與之競爭的規模經濟;其次，21世紀的消費者認可全球這個概念。
3.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say Im sorry youre upset; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分號間隔的兩個分句構成的并列句。前一分句中，by which引導定語從句，修飾主語another method，不定式to say作表語，引號里的直接引語作say的賓語。后一分句中，that引導的從句作suggests的賓語。
譯文：另外一種表面上看似乎是在道歉，而實際上并沒有道歉的做法是說你感到委屈，我很抱歉，這表明，如果因為別人所做的事情而讓你自己感到委屈的話，那么你多多少少是有過錯的。
4.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
主干：there is the apology
這句話用的是there be句型，主干部分容易理解。主語apology帶了多個修飾語，包括前置修飾語general和all covering，后置修飾語是一個which引導的非限制性定語從句。在該定語從句中，介詞of+動名詞短語identifying...作定語，修飾the necessity;identifying的賓語a specific act后面帶了兩個定語從句，一個是由that引導，另一個是由which引導，這兩個定語從句用and并列鏈接。which引導的定語從句中，主語the person也另外帶有一個who引導的定語從句。
譯文：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈，道歉者應該保證不會再犯的具體行為。
5.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.
主干：I recall an incident...
句子的賓語an accident后面有兩個修飾語，一個是介詞詞組in a handball game，一個是when引導的定語從句。when引導的定語從句中，有一個because引導的原因狀語從句：注意從句的賓語when是指gloves。
譯文：我回想起在一次手球比賽中發生的事情，一個球員曾一度要求到場外更換手套，但是裁判員認為他的手套沒有濕到必須更換的程度，所以拒絕了他。
1.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they told.
主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了兩個并列的謂語動詞：noted 和confessed。or連接兩個名詞conversations和email exchanges構成并列結構，后面有定語從句they had和現在分詞短語lasting more then 10 minutes修飾。
譯文：在交流日記中，他們把長達10分鐘以上的談話或者電子郵件交流的次數記錄下來，并且承認了他們說謊的次數。
2.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to global as a concept.
主干：Its strategy rests
主句用了rest on短語。冒號后的first...and second...用以解釋說明冒號前的two beliefs，可以看做是該名詞短語的同位成分。with which引導定語從句修飾economies of scale。句末的be drawn to表示為...所吸引，as a concept介詞短語作global的后置定語，作為概念的全球化，或全球化概念。
譯文：公司的策略基于兩個信念：首先，全球性的產品能夠提供地方品牌無法與之競爭的規模經濟;其次，21世紀的消費者認可全球這個概念。
3.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say Im sorry youre upset; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分號間隔的兩個分句構成的并列句。前一分句中，by which引導定語從句，修飾主語another method，不定式to say作表語，引號里的直接引語作say的賓語。后一分句中，that引導的從句作suggests的賓語。
譯文：另外一種表面上看似乎是在道歉，而實際上并沒有道歉的做法是說你感到委屈，我很抱歉，這表明，如果因為別人所做的事情而讓你自己感到委屈的話，那么你多多少少是有過錯的。
4.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
主干：there is the apology
這句話用的是there be句型，主干部分容易理解。主語apology帶了多個修飾語，包括前置修飾語general和all covering，后置修飾語是一個which引導的非限制性定語從句。在該定語從句中，介詞of+動名詞短語identifying...作定語，修飾the necessity;identifying的賓語a specific act后面帶了兩個定語從句，一個是由that引導，另一個是由which引導，這兩個定語從句用and并列鏈接。which引導的定語從句中，主語the person也另外帶有一個who引導的定語從句。
譯文：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈，道歉者應該保證不會再犯的具體行為。
5.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.
主干：I recall an incident...
句子的賓語an accident后面有兩個修飾語，一個是介詞詞組in a handball game，一個是when引導的定語從句。when引導的定語從句中，有一個because引導的原因狀語從句：注意從句的賓語when是指gloves。
譯文：我回想起在一次手球比賽中發生的事情，一個球員曾一度要求到場外更換手套，但是裁判員認為他的手套沒有濕到必須更換的程度，所以拒絕了他。
