2023考研英語閱讀獨(dú)守本土
Foreign policy
外交政策
Home alone
獨(dú)守本土
As China rises, must Australia tremble?
當(dāng)中國崛起時(shí)，澳大利亞必將戰(zhàn)栗?
BACK IN THE days of the tyranny of distance, the primal terror of Australians was the fear ofabandonment. During the countrys first few decades it looked for its security to Britain, afriendly but far-off power. After Singapore fell to the Japanese in 1942, Britain abandoned itsformer colony. Fortunately, America took its place and has been guaranteeing Australiassecurity ever since. Even so, Australia is once again feeling nervous about finding itself alone,prompted by three changes. The first is the growing economic power of China, followed closelyby its growing political and military power. The second is that Americas role as the single poleof a unipolar world is inevitably coming to an end. And third, Australias new pattern of trademeans that for the first time its main commercial partner, China, is not a strategic ally. Noneof this involves an immediate threat to Australians, but it makes life more complicated.
在世界還被距離所主宰的時(shí)代，澳大利亞人最大的恐懼莫過于遭到拋棄。在該國成立之初的幾十年中，澳大利亞仰仗友好卻遙遠(yuǎn)的強(qiáng)國英國為其提供安全保障。當(dāng)新加坡于1942年被日本人攻陷之后，英國拋棄了這片先前的殖民地。幸好，美國接了英國的位置，并在此后一直保障著澳大利亞的安全。即便如此，由于三方面變化所致，澳大利亞還是再一次為發(fā)覺自己孤立無援而憂心忡忡。第一種變化是中國正在增強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，以及該國緊隨經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力增長而增長的政治與軍事實(shí)力。第二種變化在于，美國所扮演的單極世界中唯一一極的角色正在不可避免地走向終結(jié)。第三種變化則是，澳大利亞新的貿(mào)易格局意味著出現(xiàn)了前所未有的情況，即該國主要的商業(yè)伙伴中國，并不是自己的戰(zhàn)略盟友。對于澳大利亞人而言，所有這一切并沒有包含迫在眉睫的威脅，但它卻使生活變得更加復(fù)雜。
Not yet on their doorstep. For years Australia wasneurotically concerned about Indonesia, a hugeneighbour that has sometimes looked violent orunstable but now seems benign, democratic andrather successful. Smaller neighbours, however, aremore worrying. In Papua New Guinea, for example,administered by Australia from 1906 to 1973, manyof the social indicators are heading down and it isbecoming increasingly violent. Some of the tinyisland states that speckle the map of the Pacific alsomake uncomfortable neighbours. Fiji has coups, theSolomons has scandals, and almost all have struggling economies. Since poverty and sizemake them potentially easy to influence, they need care and attention.
不過威脅尚未兵臨城下。多年來，澳大利亞對于印度尼西亞抱有一種神經(jīng)質(zhì)般的擔(dān)憂，印尼是一個(gè)曾經(jīng)時(shí)而看似狂暴或不穩(wěn)定的龐大鄰邦，但該國如今看起來既溫和又民主，而且相當(dāng)成功。不過，規(guī)模較小的鄰國則更加令人擔(dān)心。例如在1906年至1973年間由澳大利亞管理的巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞，該國許多社會指標(biāo)正在下滑，暴力色彩也日趨濃重。散布于太平洋版圖上的狹小島國中，也有一些變成了令人不安的鄰居。斐濟(jì)發(fā)生政變，所羅門群島出現(xiàn)丑聞，而且這些國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢幾乎都是舉步維艱。貧困和狹小使得它們在潛在層面上易于受到影響，因此這些國家需要得到關(guān)照和注意。
The wider region is the larger worry, partly because it encompasses so many poor, autocratic orunstable countries, partly because Australia does not fit in very comfortably. It has never reallytried to pass itself off as an Asian country, nor been accepted as such. Instead, it has madeitself seem less out of place by joining, and sometimes helping to create, various regionalgroups. Many of these are fine as far as they go, but some accept too many nasty members to allow useful agreement, and even the more discriminating clubs havetheir tensions. Mr Rudd, as prime minister, worked hard to promote the creation of an Asia-Pacific Community in which everything from security, trade and terrorism to energy, diseaseand natural disasters would be discussed, filling a large gap in the other arrangements. It mayprove useful if it comes off.
部分是因?yàn)楦鼜V闊的地區(qū)包含著那么多貧困、獨(dú)裁或不穩(wěn)定的國家，部分是由于澳大利亞并沒有舒舒服服地融入其中，因此這片區(qū)域更令澳大利亞感到擔(dān)憂。澳大利亞從未真正試圖扮作一個(gè)亞洲國家，也從來沒有被接受為一個(gè)亞洲國家。該國轉(zhuǎn)而通過加入各種類型的地區(qū)集團(tuán)，以使自己在這片區(qū)域內(nèi)看上去并沒有那么格格不入。此類集團(tuán)中有許多就目前的發(fā)展而言還算不錯，不過有些集團(tuán)卻因?yàn)榻蛹{了太多可憎的成員，而無法產(chǎn)生有用的協(xié)定，而且即便是那些挑選成員時(shí)更加注意區(qū)分的集團(tuán)，也存在著自己的緊張局面。陸克文在擔(dān)任澳大利亞總理時(shí)，曾努力推動亞太共同體的創(chuàng)建，在這一組織中，各方可以對從安全、貿(mào)易及恐怖主義，到能源、疾病及自然災(zāi)害等所有議題展開討論，它將填補(bǔ)其他安排所留下的大片空白。如果該集團(tuán)能夠成功建立，它或許將被證明大有裨益。
The political task, though, has to some extent been taken over by the G20, in whose creationMr Rudd played a role, helping to ensure that it was not confined to just 14 countries. This isthe natural forum for a middle-ranking power, such as Australia, with global as well as regionalinterests. Australia, remember, has sent its troops to fight in wars from South Africa toVietnam. Nowadays they go to Iraq and Afghanistan. It is clearly right that it should have aplace among democracies of a certain economic weight, such as Canada, Mexico, South Koreaand Turkey.
不過，這一政治任務(wù)卻在某種程度上已被二十國集團(tuán)接手承擔(dān)，陸克文在后者的創(chuàng)建中也發(fā)揮了作用，他幫助確保該組織并不僅限于14個(gè)國家。對于類似澳大利亞這樣一個(gè)既具有地區(qū)利益，也擁有全球利益的中等強(qiáng)國而言，二十國集團(tuán)是一個(gè)天然論壇。請記住一點(diǎn)：從南非到越南，澳大利亞都曾出兵參戰(zhàn)，如今，澳軍則前往伊拉克和阿富汗作戰(zhàn)。澳大利亞應(yīng)當(dāng)在諸如加拿大、墨西哥、韓國以及土耳其等具有一定經(jīng)濟(jì)分量的民主國家中占據(jù)一席之地，這一點(diǎn)顯然并無不當(dāng)之處。
Foreign policy
外交政策
Home alone
獨(dú)守本土
As China rises, must Australia tremble?
當(dāng)中國崛起時(shí)，澳大利亞必將戰(zhàn)栗?
BACK IN THE days of the tyranny of distance, the primal terror of Australians was the fear ofabandonment. During the countrys first few decades it looked for its security to Britain, afriendly but far-off power. After Singapore fell to the Japanese in 1942, Britain abandoned itsformer colony. Fortunately, America took its place and has been guaranteeing Australiassecurity ever since. Even so, Australia is once again feeling nervous about finding itself alone,prompted by three changes. The first is the growing economic power of China, followed closelyby its growing political and military power. The second is that Americas role as the single poleof a unipolar world is inevitably coming to an end. And third, Australias new pattern of trademeans that for the first time its main commercial partner, China, is not a strategic ally. Noneof this involves an immediate threat to Australians, but it makes life more complicated.
在世界還被距離所主宰的時(shí)代，澳大利亞人最大的恐懼莫過于遭到拋棄。在該國成立之初的幾十年中，澳大利亞仰仗友好卻遙遠(yuǎn)的強(qiáng)國英國為其提供安全保障。當(dāng)新加坡于1942年被日本人攻陷之后，英國拋棄了這片先前的殖民地。幸好，美國接了英國的位置，并在此后一直保障著澳大利亞的安全。即便如此，由于三方面變化所致，澳大利亞還是再一次為發(fā)覺自己孤立無援而憂心忡忡。第一種變化是中國正在增強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，以及該國緊隨經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力增長而增長的政治與軍事實(shí)力。第二種變化在于，美國所扮演的單極世界中唯一一極的角色正在不可避免地走向終結(jié)。第三種變化則是，澳大利亞新的貿(mào)易格局意味著出現(xiàn)了前所未有的情況，即該國主要的商業(yè)伙伴中國，并不是自己的戰(zhàn)略盟友。對于澳大利亞人而言，所有這一切并沒有包含迫在眉睫的威脅，但它卻使生活變得更加復(fù)雜。
Not yet on their doorstep. For years Australia wasneurotically concerned about Indonesia, a hugeneighbour that has sometimes looked violent orunstable but now seems benign, democratic andrather successful. Smaller neighbours, however, aremore worrying. In Papua New Guinea, for example,administered by Australia from 1906 to 1973, manyof the social indicators are heading down and it isbecoming increasingly violent. Some of the tinyisland states that speckle the map of the Pacific alsomake uncomfortable neighbours. Fiji has coups, theSolomons has scandals, and almost all have struggling economies. Since poverty and sizemake them potentially easy to influence, they need care and attention.
不過威脅尚未兵臨城下。多年來，澳大利亞對于印度尼西亞抱有一種神經(jīng)質(zhì)般的擔(dān)憂，印尼是一個(gè)曾經(jīng)時(shí)而看似狂暴或不穩(wěn)定的龐大鄰邦，但該國如今看起來既溫和又民主，而且相當(dāng)成功。不過，規(guī)模較小的鄰國則更加令人擔(dān)心。例如在1906年至1973年間由澳大利亞管理的巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞，該國許多社會指標(biāo)正在下滑，暴力色彩也日趨濃重。散布于太平洋版圖上的狹小島國中，也有一些變成了令人不安的鄰居。斐濟(jì)發(fā)生政變，所羅門群島出現(xiàn)丑聞，而且這些國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢幾乎都是舉步維艱。貧困和狹小使得它們在潛在層面上易于受到影響，因此這些國家需要得到關(guān)照和注意。
The wider region is the larger worry, partly because it encompasses so many poor, autocratic orunstable countries, partly because Australia does not fit in very comfortably. It has never reallytried to pass itself off as an Asian country, nor been accepted as such. Instead, it has madeitself seem less out of place by joining, and sometimes helping to create, various regionalgroups. Many of these are fine as far as they go, but some accept too many nasty members to allow useful agreement, and even the more discriminating clubs havetheir tensions. Mr Rudd, as prime minister, worked hard to promote the creation of an Asia-Pacific Community in which everything from security, trade and terrorism to energy, diseaseand natural disasters would be discussed, filling a large gap in the other arrangements. It mayprove useful if it comes off.
部分是因?yàn)楦鼜V闊的地區(qū)包含著那么多貧困、獨(dú)裁或不穩(wěn)定的國家，部分是由于澳大利亞并沒有舒舒服服地融入其中，因此這片區(qū)域更令澳大利亞感到擔(dān)憂。澳大利亞從未真正試圖扮作一個(gè)亞洲國家，也從來沒有被接受為一個(gè)亞洲國家。該國轉(zhuǎn)而通過加入各種類型的地區(qū)集團(tuán)，以使自己在這片區(qū)域內(nèi)看上去并沒有那么格格不入。此類集團(tuán)中有許多就目前的發(fā)展而言還算不錯，不過有些集團(tuán)卻因?yàn)榻蛹{了太多可憎的成員，而無法產(chǎn)生有用的協(xié)定，而且即便是那些挑選成員時(shí)更加注意區(qū)分的集團(tuán)，也存在著自己的緊張局面。陸克文在擔(dān)任澳大利亞總理時(shí)，曾努力推動亞太共同體的創(chuàng)建，在這一組織中，各方可以對從安全、貿(mào)易及恐怖主義，到能源、疾病及自然災(zāi)害等所有議題展開討論，它將填補(bǔ)其他安排所留下的大片空白。如果該集團(tuán)能夠成功建立，它或許將被證明大有裨益。
The political task, though, has to some extent been taken over by the G20, in whose creationMr Rudd played a role, helping to ensure that it was not confined to just 14 countries. This isthe natural forum for a middle-ranking power, such as Australia, with global as well as regionalinterests. Australia, remember, has sent its troops to fight in wars from South Africa toVietnam. Nowadays they go to Iraq and Afghanistan. It is clearly right that it should have aplace among democracies of a certain economic weight, such as Canada, Mexico, South Koreaand Turkey.
不過，這一政治任務(wù)卻在某種程度上已被二十國集團(tuán)接手承擔(dān)，陸克文在后者的創(chuàng)建中也發(fā)揮了作用，他幫助確保該組織并不僅限于14個(gè)國家。對于類似澳大利亞這樣一個(gè)既具有地區(qū)利益，也擁有全球利益的中等強(qiáng)國而言，二十國集團(tuán)是一個(gè)天然論壇。請記住一點(diǎn)：從南非到越南，澳大利亞都曾出兵參戰(zhàn)，如今，澳軍則前往伊拉克和阿富汗作戰(zhàn)。澳大利亞應(yīng)當(dāng)在諸如加拿大、墨西哥、韓國以及土耳其等具有一定經(jīng)濟(jì)分量的民主國家中占據(jù)一席之地，這一點(diǎn)顯然并無不當(dāng)之處。
