2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀兩個(gè)半場(chǎng)的競(jìng)賽
EVEN people who dont normally care much forfootball tune in to the Super Bowl to watch the bestcommercials Madison Avenue can dream up. Themost talked about this year was Chryslers grittytribute to the economic revival of America andDetroit. More short film than commercial, it endswith the actor Clint Eastwood huskily declaring thatOur second half is about to begin.
超級(jí)碗開(kāi)始時(shí)，就連平時(shí)不關(guān)注橄欖球的人們也紛紛轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)，觀看比賽間隙美國(guó)廣告界獨(dú)運(yùn)匠心的作品。今年，克萊斯勒汽車(chē)公司的廣告讓觀眾津津樂(lè)道，特別是廣告中向美國(guó)及汽車(chē)之城底特律的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇致以的崇高敬意。與其稱(chēng)之為廣告，倒不如將它歸為一部微電影。最后，它以演員克林特伊斯特伍德沙啞磁性的聲音結(jié)尾：我們的下半場(chǎng)馬上拉開(kāi)帷幕。
The muscular patriotism brought lumps to the throats of sentimental viewers; the morecynically minded called it a re-election ad for Barack Obama, whose administration savedChrysler from oblivion with a bail-out in 2009. A better explanation may simply be timing:it coincides with the best evidence in months that Americas economy, led by manufacturing,really is on the mend.
廣告中流露的熊熊愛(ài)國(guó)心使不少感性觀眾哽咽欲泣;相比之下，持懷疑態(tài)度的人則認(rèn)為這是貝拉克奧巴馬的連任競(jìng)選廣告，因?yàn)?009年奧巴馬政府以緊急資助資金從遺忘中挽救了克萊斯勒。此外，時(shí)機(jī)也許是一個(gè)更好更明了的解讀：廣告播出于美國(guó)數(shù)月以來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)最好的時(shí)候，以制造業(yè)領(lǐng)軍的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，確實(shí)正在復(fù)蘇。
Five days before its ad aired, Chrysler, now part of Italys Fiat, reported its best Januarysales since 2008, up 44% from a year earlier. The next day it announced it would hire 1,800people at a plant in Belvidere, Illinois, to build its new Dodge Dart. The good news is hardlyconfined to Chrysler. The auto industry as a whole sold 1.2m vehicles in January, manymore than expected, and a 4% increase from December.
此廣告播出五天前，現(xiàn)已被意大利菲亞特收購(gòu)的克萊斯勒，通報(bào)了自2008年至今最高的一月份銷(xiāo)售額，比去年同期增長(zhǎng)了44%。第二天，公司宣布將雇傭1800名工人去伊利諾斯州貝爾維戴爾制造新款道奇Dart汽車(chē)。好消息并不僅僅局限于克萊斯勒一家公司。整個(gè)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)一月份售出一百二十萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越預(yù)期，比去年十二月份銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)4%。
Then on February 3rd the government reported that non-farm employment jumped 243,000in January, or 0.2%, from December, the best in nine months, led by manufacturers, whoboosted payrolls by 50,000. Government statisticians also revised data for the previous yearand found that at year-end there were 266,000 more jobs than had previously beenthought.
另外，二月三日政府指出，非農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)一月份激增二十四萬(wàn)三千人，較十二月增長(zhǎng)0.2%，為九個(gè)月以來(lái)最佳紀(jì)錄，當(dāng)然應(yīng)歸功于猛增五萬(wàn)編制雇員的制造業(yè)。同時(shí)，政府統(tǒng)計(jì)員通過(guò)修正上一年數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際上2011年底已創(chuàng)造出超越估計(jì)的二十六萬(wàn)六千多個(gè)工作崗位。
The unemployment rate, which has repeatedly surprised economists with the speed of itsdescent, did so again: it fell to 8.3%, a three-year low, from 8.5%. Its decline from a peakof 10% in October 2009 has been helped by unusually stagnant growth in the labour force.When fewer people want to work, fewer are counted as unemployed. That, however, wasnot the case in January when the labour force grew by 250,000. The unemployment ratedropped anyway because the number of employed people leapt by 631,000.
屢創(chuàng)新低的失業(yè)率震驚了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，日前再次給人們帶來(lái)驚喜：它從8.5%又降至8.3%，為三年來(lái)歷史最低點(diǎn)。失業(yè)率之所以能從2009年十月的頂峰值10%降至現(xiàn)在的水平，可以說(shuō)零增長(zhǎng)的勞動(dòng)力起到了一定作用。想找工作的人越少，失業(yè)的人數(shù)也就越少。但是，這不是一月份勞動(dòng)力增加二十五萬(wàn)人的原因。歸根到底，就業(yè)人數(shù)激增六十三萬(wàn)零一千人使失業(yè)率降低。改：但是一月份的勞動(dòng)力增加了二十五萬(wàn)人，所以這個(gè)月的失業(yè)率下降并不是因?yàn)閯趧?dòng)力增長(zhǎng)緩慢，而是因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)人數(shù)激增了整整六十三萬(wàn)零一千人。
The report was greeted with relief bordering on joy by the stockmarket and, no doubt, by MrObamas campaign team. But their happiness should be tempered by the reflection that inboth 2010 and 2011, job growth started out briskly only to fizzle out again.
報(bào)告讓廣大群眾松了口氣，繼而股票市場(chǎng)喜迎飄紅，當(dāng)然奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)也可輕松一下。但是，他們?cè)谂d奮之余更應(yīng)保持頭腦清醒：為何2010年和2011年就業(yè)光明的回暖之勢(shì)卻不明夭折了。
Will it do so again this year, possibly dooming Mr Obamas re-election? Two factors explainthe economys previous false starts. First, banks, households and governments are paringtheir debts. That deleveraging has further to go, but seems to have slowed as rock-bottominterest rates coax consumers to indulge some of their pent-up demand for homes and cars.State and local government lay-offs have also slowed. Meanwhile firms that were able tomeet increased demand by boosting the productivity of their existing workforce no longercan. Productivity growth, which topped 6% in the wake of the recession, slowed to just 0.5%in the fourth quarter . In December employers reported total jobvacancies of 3.4m, close to its highest since 2008.
今年是否還會(huì)如此?如果狀況再次發(fā)生，恐怕奧巴馬的連任競(jìng)選將面臨破產(chǎn)。兩個(gè)原因可解釋之前美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)錯(cuò)誤的著手點(diǎn)。第一，銀行，居民，和政府都在逐步清還債務(wù)。盡管降低債務(wù)杠桿還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，但至少借款已經(jīng)減緩，與此同時(shí)，低至谷底的銀行利率也誘惑消費(fèi)者暫時(shí)滿足下他們對(duì)住房及汽車(chē)壓抑已久的購(gòu)買(mǎi)欲。此外，之前，工廠可以通過(guò)提高已有勞動(dòng)力的生產(chǎn)效率滿足日益增加的需求，但現(xiàn)在，這種方法行不通了。即使生產(chǎn)效率一度在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退后以6%的速度增長(zhǎng)，去年第四季度也降低到了0.5%。去年十二月，雇主反饋職位空缺總量達(dá)到三百四十萬(wàn)，接近2008年以來(lái)的最高值。
The second stumbling block has been bad luck. In both 2010 and 2011 Europes sovereigndebt crisis flared up, damaging confidence in America. Last year the Arab spring sent petrolprices soaring, pinching incomes, while Japans earthquake and tsunami disrupted supplychains.
第二個(gè)障礙物可歸結(jié)為接踵而來(lái)的霉運(yùn)。在2010年和2011年里，歐洲主權(quán)國(guó)家的債務(wù)危機(jī)愈演愈烈，甚至打擊了美國(guó)對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)的信心。去年，阿拉伯之春又把汽油價(jià)格推上天，消費(fèi)者入不敷出。日本大地震和海嘯更嚴(yán)重干擾了供應(yīng)鏈。
The threat of more such setbacks still hangs over the economy. Europes crisis has not beensolved. The intensifying confrontation between Iran and the west has driven petrol prices up25 cents per gallon since mid-December. Federal austerity remains a threat: Congress isonce again locked in confrontation over a payroll-tax break that expires at the end of thismonth and a raft of other tax increases and spending cuts will kick in next year unless itintervenes. In the economy, as in football, there is no guarantee that the second half will beeasier than the first.
更多諸如此類(lèi)的阻礙仍像噩夢(mèng)般籠罩在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)周?chē)?。歐債危機(jī)尚未解決。伊朗與西方社會(huì)的緊張局勢(shì)使每加侖汽油價(jià)自十二月中旬以來(lái)上漲了二十五美分。聯(lián)邦政府的財(cái)政緊縮政策仍是一個(gè)威脅：針對(duì)本月到期的工資稅減免政策，國(guó)會(huì)再一次陷入僵局。除非國(guó)會(huì)加以干涉，有關(guān)增加稅收和削減開(kāi)支的一系列規(guī)定將自行生效。總之，在復(fù)蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)的過(guò)程中，正如橄欖球比賽一樣，什么也無(wú)法擔(dān)保下半場(chǎng)能比上半場(chǎng)輕松，抑或出現(xiàn)好兆頭就意味著勝利。
EVEN people who dont normally care much forfootball tune in to the Super Bowl to watch the bestcommercials Madison Avenue can dream up. Themost talked about this year was Chryslers grittytribute to the economic revival of America andDetroit. More short film than commercial, it endswith the actor Clint Eastwood huskily declaring thatOur second half is about to begin.
超級(jí)碗開(kāi)始時(shí)，就連平時(shí)不關(guān)注橄欖球的人們也紛紛轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)，觀看比賽間隙美國(guó)廣告界獨(dú)運(yùn)匠心的作品。今年，克萊斯勒汽車(chē)公司的廣告讓觀眾津津樂(lè)道，特別是廣告中向美國(guó)及汽車(chē)之城底特律的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇致以的崇高敬意。與其稱(chēng)之為廣告，倒不如將它歸為一部微電影。最后，它以演員克林特伊斯特伍德沙啞磁性的聲音結(jié)尾：我們的下半場(chǎng)馬上拉開(kāi)帷幕。
The muscular patriotism brought lumps to the throats of sentimental viewers; the morecynically minded called it a re-election ad for Barack Obama, whose administration savedChrysler from oblivion with a bail-out in 2009. A better explanation may simply be timing:it coincides with the best evidence in months that Americas economy, led by manufacturing,really is on the mend.
廣告中流露的熊熊愛(ài)國(guó)心使不少感性觀眾哽咽欲泣;相比之下，持懷疑態(tài)度的人則認(rèn)為這是貝拉克奧巴馬的連任競(jìng)選廣告，因?yàn)?009年奧巴馬政府以緊急資助資金從遺忘中挽救了克萊斯勒。此外，時(shí)機(jī)也許是一個(gè)更好更明了的解讀：廣告播出于美國(guó)數(shù)月以來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)最好的時(shí)候，以制造業(yè)領(lǐng)軍的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，確實(shí)正在復(fù)蘇。
Five days before its ad aired, Chrysler, now part of Italys Fiat, reported its best Januarysales since 2008, up 44% from a year earlier. The next day it announced it would hire 1,800people at a plant in Belvidere, Illinois, to build its new Dodge Dart. The good news is hardlyconfined to Chrysler. The auto industry as a whole sold 1.2m vehicles in January, manymore than expected, and a 4% increase from December.
此廣告播出五天前，現(xiàn)已被意大利菲亞特收購(gòu)的克萊斯勒，通報(bào)了自2008年至今最高的一月份銷(xiāo)售額，比去年同期增長(zhǎng)了44%。第二天，公司宣布將雇傭1800名工人去伊利諾斯州貝爾維戴爾制造新款道奇Dart汽車(chē)。好消息并不僅僅局限于克萊斯勒一家公司。整個(gè)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)一月份售出一百二十萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越預(yù)期，比去年十二月份銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)4%。
Then on February 3rd the government reported that non-farm employment jumped 243,000in January, or 0.2%, from December, the best in nine months, led by manufacturers, whoboosted payrolls by 50,000. Government statisticians also revised data for the previous yearand found that at year-end there were 266,000 more jobs than had previously beenthought.
另外，二月三日政府指出，非農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)一月份激增二十四萬(wàn)三千人，較十二月增長(zhǎng)0.2%，為九個(gè)月以來(lái)最佳紀(jì)錄，當(dāng)然應(yīng)歸功于猛增五萬(wàn)編制雇員的制造業(yè)。同時(shí)，政府統(tǒng)計(jì)員通過(guò)修正上一年數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際上2011年底已創(chuàng)造出超越估計(jì)的二十六萬(wàn)六千多個(gè)工作崗位。
The unemployment rate, which has repeatedly surprised economists with the speed of itsdescent, did so again: it fell to 8.3%, a three-year low, from 8.5%. Its decline from a peakof 10% in October 2009 has been helped by unusually stagnant growth in the labour force.When fewer people want to work, fewer are counted as unemployed. That, however, wasnot the case in January when the labour force grew by 250,000. The unemployment ratedropped anyway because the number of employed people leapt by 631,000.
屢創(chuàng)新低的失業(yè)率震驚了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，日前再次給人們帶來(lái)驚喜：它從8.5%又降至8.3%，為三年來(lái)歷史最低點(diǎn)。失業(yè)率之所以能從2009年十月的頂峰值10%降至現(xiàn)在的水平，可以說(shuō)零增長(zhǎng)的勞動(dòng)力起到了一定作用。想找工作的人越少，失業(yè)的人數(shù)也就越少。但是，這不是一月份勞動(dòng)力增加二十五萬(wàn)人的原因。歸根到底，就業(yè)人數(shù)激增六十三萬(wàn)零一千人使失業(yè)率降低。改：但是一月份的勞動(dòng)力增加了二十五萬(wàn)人，所以這個(gè)月的失業(yè)率下降并不是因?yàn)閯趧?dòng)力增長(zhǎng)緩慢，而是因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)人數(shù)激增了整整六十三萬(wàn)零一千人。
The report was greeted with relief bordering on joy by the stockmarket and, no doubt, by MrObamas campaign team. But their happiness should be tempered by the reflection that inboth 2010 and 2011, job growth started out briskly only to fizzle out again.
報(bào)告讓廣大群眾松了口氣，繼而股票市場(chǎng)喜迎飄紅，當(dāng)然奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)也可輕松一下。但是，他們?cè)谂d奮之余更應(yīng)保持頭腦清醒：為何2010年和2011年就業(yè)光明的回暖之勢(shì)卻不明夭折了。
Will it do so again this year, possibly dooming Mr Obamas re-election? Two factors explainthe economys previous false starts. First, banks, households and governments are paringtheir debts. That deleveraging has further to go, but seems to have slowed as rock-bottominterest rates coax consumers to indulge some of their pent-up demand for homes and cars.State and local government lay-offs have also slowed. Meanwhile firms that were able tomeet increased demand by boosting the productivity of their existing workforce no longercan. Productivity growth, which topped 6% in the wake of the recession, slowed to just 0.5%in the fourth quarter . In December employers reported total jobvacancies of 3.4m, close to its highest since 2008.
今年是否還會(huì)如此?如果狀況再次發(fā)生，恐怕奧巴馬的連任競(jìng)選將面臨破產(chǎn)。兩個(gè)原因可解釋之前美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)錯(cuò)誤的著手點(diǎn)。第一，銀行，居民，和政府都在逐步清還債務(wù)。盡管降低債務(wù)杠桿還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，但至少借款已經(jīng)減緩，與此同時(shí)，低至谷底的銀行利率也誘惑消費(fèi)者暫時(shí)滿足下他們對(duì)住房及汽車(chē)壓抑已久的購(gòu)買(mǎi)欲。此外，之前，工廠可以通過(guò)提高已有勞動(dòng)力的生產(chǎn)效率滿足日益增加的需求，但現(xiàn)在，這種方法行不通了。即使生產(chǎn)效率一度在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退后以6%的速度增長(zhǎng)，去年第四季度也降低到了0.5%。去年十二月，雇主反饋職位空缺總量達(dá)到三百四十萬(wàn)，接近2008年以來(lái)的最高值。
The second stumbling block has been bad luck. In both 2010 and 2011 Europes sovereigndebt crisis flared up, damaging confidence in America. Last year the Arab spring sent petrolprices soaring, pinching incomes, while Japans earthquake and tsunami disrupted supplychains.
第二個(gè)障礙物可歸結(jié)為接踵而來(lái)的霉運(yùn)。在2010年和2011年里，歐洲主權(quán)國(guó)家的債務(wù)危機(jī)愈演愈烈，甚至打擊了美國(guó)對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)的信心。去年，阿拉伯之春又把汽油價(jià)格推上天，消費(fèi)者入不敷出。日本大地震和海嘯更嚴(yán)重干擾了供應(yīng)鏈。
The threat of more such setbacks still hangs over the economy. Europes crisis has not beensolved. The intensifying confrontation between Iran and the west has driven petrol prices up25 cents per gallon since mid-December. Federal austerity remains a threat: Congress isonce again locked in confrontation over a payroll-tax break that expires at the end of thismonth and a raft of other tax increases and spending cuts will kick in next year unless itintervenes. In the economy, as in football, there is no guarantee that the second half will beeasier than the first.
更多諸如此類(lèi)的阻礙仍像噩夢(mèng)般籠罩在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)周?chē)?。歐債危機(jī)尚未解決。伊朗與西方社會(huì)的緊張局勢(shì)使每加侖汽油價(jià)自十二月中旬以來(lái)上漲了二十五美分。聯(lián)邦政府的財(cái)政緊縮政策仍是一個(gè)威脅：針對(duì)本月到期的工資稅減免政策，國(guó)會(huì)再一次陷入僵局。除非國(guó)會(huì)加以干涉，有關(guān)增加稅收和削減開(kāi)支的一系列規(guī)定將自行生效?？傊趶?fù)蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)的過(guò)程中，正如橄欖球比賽一樣，什么也無(wú)法擔(dān)保下半場(chǎng)能比上半場(chǎng)輕松，抑或出現(xiàn)好兆頭就意味著勝利。
