2023考研英語閱讀紐約警察監管過度
BECAUSE of the September 2001 attacks, the NewYork Police Department has become asophisticated counter-terrorism agency. In thedecade since then the NYPD has increased thenumber of detectives on a joint task-force it haslong operated with the FBI from 17 to more than100. It hired a former senior CIA spook to head itsintelligence division. Detectives have been postedall over the world, in Abu Dhabi, Amman, Israel,London and Madrid, among other places.
2001年的911恐怖襲擊事件后，美國紐約警方由此變成了一個資深的反恐機構。在911事件發生的十年時間內，紐約警方已經和美國聯邦調查局合作偵查的案件從17起突增到100起。紐約警察局雇傭了前任中情局的高級偵探來領導他們的情報部門。其探員遍布在阿布扎比，阿曼，以色列，倫敦以及馬德里等世界各個地區。
Scores of native speakers of around 50 languages, including Arabic, Dari, Persian, Urdu,Pushup and Bengali, have been hiredsome say the NYPD has more Arabic speakers than theFBI. It has, at times, irritated both the CIA and the FBI, who are jealous guardians of theirturf. But the results have spoken for themselves. Several plots to devastate New York havebeen foiled, including plans to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge, the stock exchange and TimesSquare.
許多會說當地語言的本地人都被雇傭起來了，包括阿拉伯語，波斯語，烏爾都語，Pushup和保加利亞語。其中一部分的人說紐約警方所雇傭的阿拉伯人比FBI還要多。偶爾，這會激怒中情局和聯邦調查局兩個強勢機構，他們都是懷著十分嫉妒情緒的人群。但是事情往往證明了他們的想法。有若干的情節還是會相當嚴重的，包括破壞布魯克林大橋，紐交所以及時代廣場。
The NYPD has been duly applauded for all this. Last year Barack Obamas head of counter-terrorism called its efforts heroic. But now it may have overstepped the mark. According toan expos by the Associated Press, the NYPD has been monitoring Muslims not just in NewYork, but also across the Hudson river in Newark, New Jersey. It appearsto have done so for no better reason than that its targets practise Islam.
紐約警方一直都以此為榮。去年，奧巴馬政府的反恐組織頭目高度贊揚他們的行為并稱之為極富有英雄主義色彩。但是，現在他可能已經越過雷池很多了。根據美國聯合通訊社的一則曝光內容稱紐約警方不僅一直監視著在紐約地區的穆斯林們，而且還越過哈德遜河監視著在新澤西州的紐瓦克市的穆斯林。這樣的行為明顯已經超出僅僅是針對伊斯蘭的目標了。
A 60-page demographics report about Newarks Muslims, compiled by NYPDs IntelligenceDivision, includes photographs of shops, restaurants and a school that are owned orfrequented by Muslims. It also catalogues information about Muslims on Long Island. And theNYPD has kept a close eye on students on several campuses in the north-east, includingRutgers, Columbia and Yale. An undercover cop apparently even went with students on awhite-water rafting trip.
一份六十頁的由紐約警方的情報部門匯編的關于紐瓦克市的穆斯林報告，包括商店店鋪，餐館以及有穆斯林學生學校的照片，還包括了一些在長島地區的穆斯林的信息分類。并且紐約警方還密切監視著在美國東北部地區的若干大學的穆斯林學生，包括紐澤西州立大學，哥倫比亞大學以及耶魯大學。甚至還有便衣警察在與那些學生漂流的時候趁機與其接觸并展開調查。
Muslims and civil-rights groups are angry and anxious about all this. Parents are advisingtheir children not to join Muslim student groups. Azka Mohyuddin, one such student, worriesthat her name will end up on a do-not-fly list. Cory Booker, Newarks mayor, and ChrisChristie, New Jerseys governor, who were not informed about the NYPDs activities, are nothappy either. New Jerseys attorney-general is looking into the matter, and the federalJustice Department is wondering whether to investigate the complaints. This being America,a class-action lawsuit is looking likely. But Ray Kelly, the police commissioner, defendedhis force in a speech on March 3rd, saying it would be folly to ignore what takes placeoutside the city. If terrorists are not limited by borders and boundaries, he said, we cantbe either.
穆斯林和人權組織對此表示十分的憤怒和憂慮。家長們則建議他們的子女最好遠離穆斯林學生群體。AzkaMohyuddin就是這樣的一個的一名學生，她擔心她會被列入不予培養的名單當中。紐瓦克市市長CoryBooker，以及新西南州州長Chris Christie，都不知道紐約警方的這一系列的行為。他們對此也表示十分的反感。新澤西州的司法部長已經著手介入調查。聯邦司法部門正在猶豫是否去調查這樣的一些抱怨之聲。在美國，這樣的一場集體訴訟可能即將要上演。但是，警察委員會委員長Ray Kelly在三月三號的一次演講中力挺他們這樣的行動，并認為忽略這個城市以外將發生的事情是一件十分愚蠢的事情。如果恐怖分子不受制于國界與邊界，我們當然也就不會這樣做了
At the federal level, mechanisms are in place to keep agents in check. In New York the NYPDhas to abide by the so-called Handschu guidelines, which are designed to keep the police frominvestigating a person or group solely because of politics or religion; they need somethingconcrete to go on. But the guidelines were relaxed after the 2001 attacks, and are anywayopen to broad interpretation. Faiza Patel of the Brennan Centre for Justice feels that anindependent oversight authority, like the inspector-general in Los Angeles, may beneeded.
事件上升到聯邦的級別，機制的存在是為了讓機構能夠有效的運行。在紐約，警方的力量被那些所謂的Handschu規則所限制，這樣的一種機制是專門為了阻止警方因為宗教和政治的原因去單獨隨意地調查一個人或者一個團體，而是需要一些具體的措施來跟進。但是這樣的一些規則在2001年的恐怖襲擊之后開始睜一只眼閉一只眼了，對涉及的一些問題給出了一些更寬泛的解釋來作為一個所謂的掩飾。布魯南司法中心的Faiza Patel認為一個像洛杉磯的綜合監管機構那樣的獨立的監管機構是非常有存在的必要的。
The irony about this surveillance, says Eugene ODonnell of John Jay College of CriminalJusticea former policeman himselfis that it is alienating the very groups the NYPD need tokeep sweet in order to induce them to give information about extremists. This dragnetapproach was a recipe for trouble, he says.
但是，刑事司法學院的約翰?杰伊，原來曾身為一位警察的他卻認為這樣的一個監管本身就是一件很諷刺的事情，因為機構本身會疏遠很多紐約警察廳想要親近的群體來誘使他們提供一些關于極端分子的信息。只能說是自作孽不可活。
BECAUSE of the September 2001 attacks, the NewYork Police Department has become asophisticated counter-terrorism agency. In thedecade since then the NYPD has increased thenumber of detectives on a joint task-force it haslong operated with the FBI from 17 to more than100. It hired a former senior CIA spook to head itsintelligence division. Detectives have been postedall over the world, in Abu Dhabi, Amman, Israel,London and Madrid, among other places.
2001年的911恐怖襲擊事件后，美國紐約警方由此變成了一個資深的反恐機構。在911事件發生的十年時間內，紐約警方已經和美國聯邦調查局合作偵查的案件從17起突增到100起。紐約警察局雇傭了前任中情局的高級偵探來領導他們的情報部門。其探員遍布在阿布扎比，阿曼，以色列，倫敦以及馬德里等世界各個地區。
Scores of native speakers of around 50 languages, including Arabic, Dari, Persian, Urdu,Pushup and Bengali, have been hiredsome say the NYPD has more Arabic speakers than theFBI. It has, at times, irritated both the CIA and the FBI, who are jealous guardians of theirturf. But the results have spoken for themselves. Several plots to devastate New York havebeen foiled, including plans to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge, the stock exchange and TimesSquare.
許多會說當地語言的本地人都被雇傭起來了，包括阿拉伯語，波斯語，烏爾都語，Pushup和保加利亞語。其中一部分的人說紐約警方所雇傭的阿拉伯人比FBI還要多。偶爾，這會激怒中情局和聯邦調查局兩個強勢機構，他們都是懷著十分嫉妒情緒的人群。但是事情往往證明了他們的想法。有若干的情節還是會相當嚴重的，包括破壞布魯克林大橋，紐交所以及時代廣場。
The NYPD has been duly applauded for all this. Last year Barack Obamas head of counter-terrorism called its efforts heroic. But now it may have overstepped the mark. According toan expos by the Associated Press, the NYPD has been monitoring Muslims not just in NewYork, but also across the Hudson river in Newark, New Jersey. It appearsto have done so for no better reason than that its targets practise Islam.
紐約警方一直都以此為榮。去年，奧巴馬政府的反恐組織頭目高度贊揚他們的行為并稱之為極富有英雄主義色彩。但是，現在他可能已經越過雷池很多了。根據美國聯合通訊社的一則曝光內容稱紐約警方不僅一直監視著在紐約地區的穆斯林們，而且還越過哈德遜河監視著在新澤西州的紐瓦克市的穆斯林。這樣的行為明顯已經超出僅僅是針對伊斯蘭的目標了。
A 60-page demographics report about Newarks Muslims, compiled by NYPDs IntelligenceDivision, includes photographs of shops, restaurants and a school that are owned orfrequented by Muslims. It also catalogues information about Muslims on Long Island. And theNYPD has kept a close eye on students on several campuses in the north-east, includingRutgers, Columbia and Yale. An undercover cop apparently even went with students on awhite-water rafting trip.
一份六十頁的由紐約警方的情報部門匯編的關于紐瓦克市的穆斯林報告，包括商店店鋪，餐館以及有穆斯林學生學校的照片，還包括了一些在長島地區的穆斯林的信息分類。并且紐約警方還密切監視著在美國東北部地區的若干大學的穆斯林學生，包括紐澤西州立大學，哥倫比亞大學以及耶魯大學。甚至還有便衣警察在與那些學生漂流的時候趁機與其接觸并展開調查。
Muslims and civil-rights groups are angry and anxious about all this. Parents are advisingtheir children not to join Muslim student groups. Azka Mohyuddin, one such student, worriesthat her name will end up on a do-not-fly list. Cory Booker, Newarks mayor, and ChrisChristie, New Jerseys governor, who were not informed about the NYPDs activities, are nothappy either. New Jerseys attorney-general is looking into the matter, and the federalJustice Department is wondering whether to investigate the complaints. This being America,a class-action lawsuit is looking likely. But Ray Kelly, the police commissioner, defendedhis force in a speech on March 3rd, saying it would be folly to ignore what takes placeoutside the city. If terrorists are not limited by borders and boundaries, he said, we cantbe either.
穆斯林和人權組織對此表示十分的憤怒和憂慮。家長們則建議他們的子女最好遠離穆斯林學生群體。AzkaMohyuddin就是這樣的一個的一名學生，她擔心她會被列入不予培養的名單當中。紐瓦克市市長CoryBooker，以及新西南州州長Chris Christie，都不知道紐約警方的這一系列的行為。他們對此也表示十分的反感。新澤西州的司法部長已經著手介入調查。聯邦司法部門正在猶豫是否去調查這樣的一些抱怨之聲。在美國，這樣的一場集體訴訟可能即將要上演。但是，警察委員會委員長Ray Kelly在三月三號的一次演講中力挺他們這樣的行動，并認為忽略這個城市以外將發生的事情是一件十分愚蠢的事情。如果恐怖分子不受制于國界與邊界，我們當然也就不會這樣做了
At the federal level, mechanisms are in place to keep agents in check. In New York the NYPDhas to abide by the so-called Handschu guidelines, which are designed to keep the police frominvestigating a person or group solely because of politics or religion; they need somethingconcrete to go on. But the guidelines were relaxed after the 2001 attacks, and are anywayopen to broad interpretation. Faiza Patel of the Brennan Centre for Justice feels that anindependent oversight authority, like the inspector-general in Los Angeles, may beneeded.
事件上升到聯邦的級別，機制的存在是為了讓機構能夠有效的運行。在紐約，警方的力量被那些所謂的Handschu規則所限制，這樣的一種機制是專門為了阻止警方因為宗教和政治的原因去單獨隨意地調查一個人或者一個團體，而是需要一些具體的措施來跟進。但是這樣的一些規則在2001年的恐怖襲擊之后開始睜一只眼閉一只眼了，對涉及的一些問題給出了一些更寬泛的解釋來作為一個所謂的掩飾。布魯南司法中心的Faiza Patel認為一個像洛杉磯的綜合監管機構那樣的獨立的監管機構是非常有存在的必要的。
The irony about this surveillance, says Eugene ODonnell of John Jay College of CriminalJusticea former policeman himselfis that it is alienating the very groups the NYPD need tokeep sweet in order to induce them to give information about extremists. This dragnetapproach was a recipe for trouble, he says.
但是，刑事司法學院的約翰?杰伊，原來曾身為一位警察的他卻認為這樣的一個監管本身就是一件很諷刺的事情，因為機構本身會疏遠很多紐約警察廳想要親近的群體來誘使他們提供一些關于極端分子的信息。只能說是自作孽不可活。
