法律工作
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Legal jobs 法律工作 The price of success 成功的代價 Some American law schools are paying many oftheir graduates salaries 一些美國法律院校正在為許多他們的畢業生支付薪水 EACH YEAR when U.S. News, an American publisher, releases its league table of law schools, 每當U.S.News發布他們的年度法學院排行榜， potential students seize on it and the universities decry it for oversimplifying a personal andunquantifiable decision. 有潛力的學生們會好好把握這份資料，而各大院校則會開始譴責該排名的公允性，認為這份榜單忽視了個人的選擇傾向，以及量化了無法量化的因素。 But the schools can ill afford to ignore it, 但這些學校都難以回避它， since not just applicants but donors and even credit-rating agencies pay close attention tothe scores. 因為不僅僅是入學申請的學生們，連學校的捐贈人，甚至是專業評級機構都十分重視排行榜上的分數。 Among the ranking s most important components is the share of graduates who find jobs. 就整個評級系統來說，最重要的指標便是畢業生的就業比例。 The 2023 table, announced on March 11th, shows that the University of Virginia and GeorgeWashington University do especially well on this. 3月11日公布的2023榜單顯示，弗吉尼亞大學和喬治華盛頓大學在這方面顯得尤為突出。 Although UVA s law students are only in ninth place for their scores in standard admissiontests, 雖然UVA的法律專業學生標準入學考試成績僅排第九位， 97.5% of the class of 2023 had a job on graduatingthe best mark in the country. 但其2023年畢業生97.5%的就業率，則名列全國第一。 At GW the discrepancy was even more striking: its 85% graduate-employment rate rankedninth, whereas its admission-test scores were 21st. 而GW的數據差異則更驚人：名列第九位的85%畢業生就業率的同時，他們的SAT入學成績僅排21位。 However, the two schools performance is not as stellar as it seems. 然而，兩所院校的表現并不像其外表那么璀璨。 A close look at the online employment database of the American Bar Association reveals thatGW and UVA are among the leaders in a striking trend: 在美國律師協會網上就業數據庫的研究揭示出，GW和UVA都呈現出一個驚人的趨勢： law schools paying the salaries of their alumni when they go to work in legal firms,non-profits or the government. 當畢業生們進入律師事務所、非盈利組織或政府工作時，法律院校將為他們支付薪水。 GW paid the starting salaries of a whopping 22% of its 2023 graduates; 2023年，GW驚人地為他們22%的畢業生支付了起始薪水; at 15%, UVA was not far behind. 而UVA也不甘落后，其比例為15%。 Some law schools have long given aid to a few alumni who forsake high-paying corporatefirms to pursue public-interest law. 部分法律院校一直以來都為一些放棄了高收入企業的職位，轉而投身于公益法律援助的畢業生提供幫助。 But since the 2008-09 recession, entry-level jobs at big firms have been scarce. 但自2008-09年的經濟衰退以來，大企業的入門級職位已十分稀少。 This has led to a big expansion of bridge to practice schemes, 這一趨勢，令法律院校不得不擴大所謂的就業橋梁計劃， in which the schools pay graduates a stipend to do a work placement. 其中的具體方式便是由學校去補貼畢業生的實習工作。 In a recent survey by the National Association for Law Placement, 近期，一份由全國法律就業組織所調查的結果顯示， 45 of the 94 schools that responded now run such programmes. 94所院校當中有45所正執行著該項計劃。 Half of them began in 2009 or 2010, but UVA s has run since 2007. 他們當中的半數，是從2009年或2010年才開始的。但UVA自2007年起便一直在執行就業橋梁計劃。 It now pays 31,500 for graduates to work in public service for a year. 目前，UVA為其服務于公共部門的畢業生支付每年31500美元的補貼。 Arizona State University plans to set up a non-profit law firm, modelled on teaching hospitals, 而亞利桑那州立大學則計劃仿照醫學院附屬醫院的模式，成立一家非盈利律師事務所。 that will hire 30 recent graduates to provide legal services to lower-income clients. 這家事務所將雇傭其大學30%的畢業生，并且將致力于為低收入的顧客提供法律服務。 With demand for newly minted lawyers down by around 30%, 市場對新律師的需求同比以下降百分之三十。 the schemes spare the alumni from having an awkward gap on their CV, 而在這一情況下，上述計劃能夠讓畢業生們免于在職業生涯中留下尷尬的空白， and give them valuable work experience and contacts. 同時還能給予他們寶貴的工作經驗和人脈資源。 Their cash-strapped temporary employers, meanwhile, get talented staff they can put tosocially useful ends. 與此同時，資金短缺的臨時雇主們，也能得到具有才能的員工，并讓他們一展所長。 Dennis Corkery, a GW graduate, GW畢業生丹尼斯?卡爾凱利， got 525 a week from his alma mater to work on job-discrimination cases at the WashingtonLawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, a non-profit. 正在為致力于公民權利和城市事務的非營利組織華盛頓律師委員會工作，主要工作是解決職業歧視方面的糾紛。而他得到了來自母校每周525美元的補貼。 The organisation started topping up his wages from the university after four months, andgave him a full salary after 11. 在四個月的工作過后，該組織補足了來自學校的補貼，并在11個月后給予了他一份全額薪水。 Mr Corkery sees the scheme as a good way to give young lawyers an apprenticeship. 卡爾凱利先生認為，該計劃確實是一個能夠給予年輕律師學徒資格的好方法。 But so long as graduates put on these schemes are lumped in with those who found genuinepaid work at law firms, 但只要參與這些計劃的畢業生們，仍然與真正得到事務所聘用的人混為一談， the schools will in effect be buying themselves precious U.S. 那么實際上就相當于各大法律院校每年支付數百萬美元的費用， News ranking spots for a few million dollars a year. 用以維持他們在美國資訊排行榜上珍貴的地位。 And applicants to law school who are considering taking on a six-figure debt will get amisleading picture of the job market. 與此同時，早已準備好承擔六位數學費貸款的法學專業申請者，也會被這些數據所誤導，從而對律師行業的市場需求有著錯誤的認識。 The programmes rarely last more than a year, and often pay a pittance. 這項補貼計劃很少能持續超過一年，而且補貼量往往很低。 GW, which spends 4% of its budget on these wages, 2023年，將總預算的4%投入到了該計劃的GW， tried to cut pay rates in 2023 from 15 an hour to 10 before reversing itself after an uproar. 試圖將補貼水平從時薪15美元降低到10美元，而經歷了一次抗議后便否決了之前的降薪計劃。 Moreover, their success in getting graduates into genuine jobs is spotty: 此外，畢業生真實的就業成功率并不盡如人意： the NALP survey found that only 24% of participants from the class of 2023 had been hiredby their employers or in related fields by the following February. NALP的調查結果顯示，只有24%的2023屆就業計劃參與者最終被他們的雇主聘請或是在接下來的二月里就職于相關領域。 GW and UVA say their success rate is far higher than this. GW和UVA則表示，他們畢業生的就業成功率遠高于上述比例。 Robert Morse of U.S. News says it would consider excluding or reducing the weight ofschool-funded jobs. 美國資訊出版社的羅伯特莫爾斯表示，院校排名榜單將考慮排除或減少由學校補貼就職情況的影響， if it could somehow distinguish which ones are genuinely sought-after placements with theprospect of a proper job. 但這一切的前提是，我們能夠去辨別出一份經過層層篩選并且具備良好就業前景的實習機會。 The risk is that, like pre-bail-out carmakers dumping surplus vehicles on their dealers, 目前，整個法律教育界所存在的風險是，法律院校早已習慣于為企業買單， the law schools get used to paying legal firms to soak up their excess graduates. 其目的是吸收多余的畢業生。這就像是提前采取的救助措施的汽車制造商一樣，把自己多余的汽車都往經銷商處輸送。 The real test of the schools motivations will be whether they continue to run suchprogrammes if and when it no longer bumps them up the rankings. 只有在這樣的計劃不再能夠提高他們的排名之時，我們才能通過觀察這些計劃的執行與否，來判斷各大院校的真實意圖。 Legal jobs 法律工作 The price of success 成功的代價 Some American law schools are paying many oftheir graduates salaries 一些美國法律院校正在為許多他們的畢業生支付薪水 EACH YEAR when U.S. News, an American publisher, releases its league table of law schools, 每當U.S.News發布他們的年度法學院排行榜， potential students seize on it and the universities decry it for oversimplifying a personal andunquantifiable decision. 有潛力的學生們會好好把握這份資料，而各大院校則會開始譴責該排名的公允性，認為這份榜單忽視了個人的選擇傾向，以及量化了無法量化的因素。 But the schools can ill afford to ignore it, 但這些學校都難以回避它， since not just applicants but donors and even credit-rating agencies pay close attention tothe scores. 因為不僅僅是入學申請的學生們，連學校的捐贈人，甚至是專業評級機構都十分重視排行榜上的分數。 Among the ranking s most important components is the share of graduates who find jobs. 就整個評級系統來說，最重要的指標便是畢業生的就業比例。 The 2023 table, announced on March 11th, shows that the University of Virginia and GeorgeWashington University do especially well on this. 3月11日公布的2023榜單顯示，弗吉尼亞大學和喬治華盛頓大學在這方面顯得尤為突出。 Although UVA s law students are only in ninth place for their scores in standard admissiontests, 雖然UVA的法律專業學生標準入學考試成績僅排第九位， 97.5% of the class of 2023 had a job on graduatingthe best mark in the country. 但其2023年畢業生97.5%的就業率，則名列全國第一。 At GW the discrepancy was even more striking: its 85% graduate-employment rate rankedninth, whereas its admission-test scores were 21st. 而GW的數據差異則更驚人：名列第九位的85%畢業生就業率的同時，他們的SAT入學成績僅排21位。 However, the two schools performance is not as stellar as it seems. 然而，兩所院校的表現并不像其外表那么璀璨。 A close look at the online employment database of the American Bar Association reveals thatGW and UVA are among the leaders in a striking trend: 在美國律師協會網上就業數據庫的研究揭示出，GW和UVA都呈現出一個驚人的趨勢： law schools paying the salaries of their alumni when they go to work in legal firms,non-profits or the government. 當畢業生們進入律師事務所、非盈利組織或政府工作時，法律院校將為他們支付薪水。 GW paid the starting salaries of a whopping 22% of its 2023 graduates; 2023年，GW驚人地為他們22%的畢業生支付了起始薪水; at 15%, UVA was not far behind. 而UVA也不甘落后，其比例為15%。 Some law schools have long given aid to a few alumni who forsake high-paying corporatefirms to pursue public-interest law. 部分法律院校一直以來都為一些放棄了高收入企業的職位，轉而投身于公益法律援助的畢業生提供幫助。 But since the 2008-09 recession, entry-level jobs at big firms have been scarce. 但自2008-09年的經濟衰退以來，大企業的入門級職位已十分稀少。 This has led to a big expansion of bridge to practice schemes, 這一趨勢，令法律院校不得不擴大所謂的就業橋梁計劃， in which the schools pay graduates a stipend to do a work placement. 其中的具體方式便是由學校去補貼畢業生的實習工作。 In a recent survey by the National Association for Law Placement, 近期，一份由全國法律就業組織所調查的結果顯示， 45 of the 94 schools that responded now run such programmes. 94所院校當中有45所正執行著該項計劃。 Half of them began in 2009 or 2010, but UVA s has run since 2007. 他們當中的半數，是從2009年或2010年才開始的。但UVA自2007年起便一直在執行就業橋梁計劃。 It now pays 31,500 for graduates to work in public service for a year. 目前，UVA為其服務于公共部門的畢業生支付每年31500美元的補貼。 Arizona State University plans to set up a non-profit law firm, modelled on teaching hospitals, 而亞利桑那州立大學則計劃仿照醫學院附屬醫院的模式，成立一家非盈利律師事務所。 that will hire 30 recent graduates to provide legal services to lower-income clients. 這家事務所將雇傭其大學30%的畢業生，并且將致力于為低收入的顧客提供法律服務。 With demand for newly minted lawyers down by around 30%, 市場對新律師的需求同比以下降百分之三十。 the schemes spare the alumni from having an awkward gap on their CV, 而在這一情況下，上述計劃能夠讓畢業生們免于在職業生涯中留下尷尬的空白， and give them valuable work experience and contacts. 同時還能給予他們寶貴的工作經驗和人脈資源。 Their cash-strapped temporary employers, meanwhile, get talented staff they can put tosocially useful ends. 與此同時，資金短缺的臨時雇主們，也能得到具有才能的員工，并讓他們一展所長。 Dennis Corkery, a GW graduate, GW畢業生丹尼斯?卡爾凱利， got 525 a week from his alma mater to work on job-discrimination cases at the WashingtonLawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, a non-profit. 正在為致力于公民權利和城市事務的非營利組織華盛頓律師委員會工作，主要工作是解決職業歧視方面的糾紛。而他得到了來自母校每周525美元的補貼。 The organisation started topping up his wages from the university after four months, andgave him a full salary after 11. 在四個月的工作過后，該組織補足了來自學校的補貼，并在11個月后給予了他一份全額薪水。 Mr Corkery sees the scheme as a good way to give young lawyers an apprenticeship. 卡爾凱利先生認為，該計劃確實是一個能夠給予年輕律師學徒資格的好方法。 But so long as graduates put on these schemes are lumped in with those who found genuinepaid work at law firms, 但只要參與這些計劃的畢業生們，仍然與真正得到事務所聘用的人混為一談， the schools will in effect be buying themselves precious U.S. 那么實際上就相當于各大法律院校每年支付數百萬美元的費用， News ranking spots for a few million dollars a year. 用以維持他們在美國資訊排行榜上珍貴的地位。 And applicants to law school who are considering taking on a six-figure debt will get amisleading picture of the job market. 與此同時，早已準備好承擔六位數學費貸款的法學專業申請者，也會被這些數據所誤導，從而對律師行業的市場需求有著錯誤的認識。 The programmes rarely last more than a year, and often pay a pittance. 這項補貼計劃很少能持續超過一年，而且補貼量往往很低。 GW, which spends 4% of its budget on these wages, 2023年，將總預算的4%投入到了該計劃的GW， tried to cut pay rates in 2023 from 15 an hour to 10 before reversing itself after an uproar. 試圖將補貼水平從時薪15美元降低到10美元，而經歷了一次抗議后便否決了之前的降薪計劃。 Moreover, their success in getting graduates into genuine jobs is spotty: 此外，畢業生真實的就業成功率并不盡如人意： the NALP survey found that only 24% of participants from the class of 2023 had been hiredby their employers or in related fields by the following February. NALP的調查結果顯示，只有24%的2023屆就業計劃參與者最終被他們的雇主聘請或是在接下來的二月里就職于相關領域。 GW and UVA say their success rate is far higher than this. GW和UVA則表示，他們畢業生的就業成功率遠高于上述比例。 Robert Morse of U.S. News says it would consider excluding or reducing the weight ofschool-funded jobs. 美國資訊出版社的羅伯特莫爾斯表示，院校排名榜單將考慮排除或減少由學校補貼就職情況的影響， if it could somehow distinguish which ones are genuinely sought-after placements with theprospect of a proper job. 但這一切的前提是，我們能夠去辨別出一份經過層層篩選并且具備良好就業前景的實習機會。 The risk is that, like pre-bail-out carmakers dumping surplus vehicles on their dealers, 目前，整個法律教育界所存在的風險是，法律院校早已習慣于為企業買單， the law schools get used to paying legal firms to soak up their excess graduates. 其目的是吸收多余的畢業生。這就像是提前采取的救助措施的汽車制造商一樣，把自己多余的汽車都往經銷商處輸送。 The real test of the schools motivations will be whether they continue to run suchprogrammes if and when it no longer bumps them up the rankings. 只有在這樣的計劃不再能夠提高他們的排名之時，我們才能通過觀察這些計劃的執行與否，來判斷各大院校的真實意圖。 詞語解釋 1.afford to 支付的起 They can t afford to buy their own yet. 他們目前還買不起自己的廠房。 The organization can afford to hire someoneinternally who will spur positive but minor changes. 從內部選擇一位新總裁，通過較小幅度的調整就能為組織帶來積極變化，這是IMF可以承受的。 2.striking trend 明顯趨勢 Is a striking trend in the current globalization process. 在全球化的進程中技術壟斷成為一個明顯的趨勢。 This striking trend is yet another manifestation of the rise of china. 這一顯著趨勢仍然是中國崛起的另一體現。 3.aid to 幫助 Aid to greece was coupled with fierce budget cuts. 對希臘的援助導致德國進行了嚴重的預算裁減。 Why should others give aid to india? 那別人為什么還要援助印度呢? 4.lead to 導致,引起 Osteoporosis may also lead to tooth loss. 骨質疏松可能會導致牙齒脫落。 Salary differences between countries can lead to resentment. 不同國家間的薪酬差異會引起相互的敵視。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Legal jobs 法律工作 The price of success 成功的代價 Some American law schools are paying many oftheir graduates salaries 一些美國法律院校正在為許多他們的畢業生支付薪水 EACH YEAR when U.S. News, an American publisher, releases its league table of law schools, 每當U.S.News發布他們的年度法學院排行榜， potential students seize on it and the universities decry it for oversimplifying a personal andunquantifiable decision. 有潛力的學生們會好好把握這份資料，而各大院校則會開始譴責該排名的公允性，認為這份榜單忽視了個人的選擇傾向，以及量化了無法量化的因素。 But the schools can ill afford to ignore it, 但這些學校都難以回避它， since not just applicants but donors and even credit-rating agencies pay close attention tothe scores. 因為不僅僅是入學申請的學生們，連學校的捐贈人，甚至是專業評級機構都十分重視排行榜上的分數。 Among the ranking s most important components is the share of graduates who find jobs. 就整個評級系統來說，最重要的指標便是畢業生的就業比例。 The 2023 table, announced on March 11th, shows that the University of Virginia and GeorgeWashington University do especially well on this. 3月11日公布的2023榜單顯示，弗吉尼亞大學和喬治華盛頓大學在這方面顯得尤為突出。 Although UVA s law students are only in ninth place for their scores in standard admissiontests, 雖然UVA的法律專業學生標準入學考試成績僅排第九位， 97.5% of the class of 2023 had a job on graduatingthe best mark in the country. 但其2023年畢業生97.5%的就業率，則名列全國第一。 At GW the discrepancy was even more striking: its 85% graduate-employment rate rankedninth, whereas its admission-test scores were 21st. 而GW的數據差異則更驚人：名列第九位的85%畢業生就業率的同時，他們的SAT入學成績僅排21位。 However, the two schools performance is not as stellar as it seems. 然而，兩所院校的表現并不像其外表那么璀璨。 A close look at the online employment database of the American Bar Association reveals thatGW and UVA are among the leaders in a striking trend: 在美國律師協會網上就業數據庫的研究揭示出，GW和UVA都呈現出一個驚人的趨勢： law schools paying the salaries of their alumni when they go to work in legal firms,non-profits or the government. 當畢業生們進入律師事務所、非盈利組織或政府工作時，法律院校將為他們支付薪水。 GW paid the starting salaries of a whopping 22% of its 2023 graduates; 2023年，GW驚人地為他們22%的畢業生支付了起始薪水; at 15%, UVA was not far behind. 而UVA也不甘落后，其比例為15%。 Some law schools have long given aid to a few alumni who forsake high-paying corporatefirms to pursue public-interest law. 部分法律院校一直以來都為一些放棄了高收入企業的職位，轉而投身于公益法律援助的畢業生提供幫助。 But since the 2008-09 recession, entry-level jobs at big firms have been scarce. 但自2008-09年的經濟衰退以來，大企業的入門級職位已十分稀少。 This has led to a big expansion of bridge to practice schemes, 這一趨勢，令法律院校不得不擴大所謂的就業橋梁計劃， in which the schools pay graduates a stipend to do a work placement. 其中的具體方式便是由學校去補貼畢業生的實習工作。 In a recent survey by the National Association for Law Placement, 近期，一份由全國法律就業組織所調查的結果顯示， 45 of the 94 schools that responded now run such programmes. 94所院校當中有45所正執行著該項計劃。 Half of them began in 2009 or 2010, but UVA s has run since 2007. 他們當中的半數，是從2009年或2010年才開始的。但UVA自2007年起便一直在執行就業橋梁計劃。 It now pays 31,500 for graduates to work in public service for a year. 目前，UVA為其服務于公共部門的畢業生支付每年31500美元的補貼。 Arizona State University plans to set up a non-profit law firm, modelled on teaching hospitals, 而亞利桑那州立大學則計劃仿照醫學院附屬醫院的模式，成立一家非盈利律師事務所。 that will hire 30 recent graduates to provide legal services to lower-income clients. 這家事務所將雇傭其大學30%的畢業生，并且將致力于為低收入的顧客提供法律服務。 With demand for newly minted lawyers down by around 30%, 市場對新律師的需求同比以下降百分之三十。 the schemes spare the alumni from having an awkward gap on their CV, 而在這一情況下，上述計劃能夠讓畢業生們免于在職業生涯中留下尷尬的空白， and give them valuable work experience and contacts. 同時還能給予他們寶貴的工作經驗和人脈資源。 Their cash-strapped temporary employers, meanwhile, get talented staff they can put tosocially useful ends. 與此同時，資金短缺的臨時雇主們，也能得到具有才能的員工，并讓他們一展所長。 Dennis Corkery, a GW graduate, GW畢業生丹尼斯?卡爾凱利， got 525 a week from his alma mater to work on job-discrimination cases at the WashingtonLawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, a non-profit. 正在為致力于公民權利和城市事務的非營利組織華盛頓律師委員會工作，主要工作是解決職業歧視方面的糾紛。而他得到了來自母校每周525美元的補貼。 The organisation started topping up his wages from the university after four months, andgave him a full salary after 11. 在四個月的工作過后，該組織補足了來自學校的補貼，并在11個月后給予了他一份全額薪水。 Mr Corkery sees the scheme as a good way to give young lawyers an apprenticeship. 卡爾凱利先生認為，該計劃確實是一個能夠給予年輕律師學徒資格的好方法。 But so long as graduates put on these schemes are lumped in with those who found genuinepaid work at law firms, 但只要參與這些計劃的畢業生們，仍然與真正得到事務所聘用的人混為一談， the schools will in effect be buying themselves precious U.S. 那么實際上就相當于各大法律院校每年支付數百萬美元的費用， News ranking spots for a few million dollars a year. 用以維持他們在美國資訊排行榜上珍貴的地位。 And applicants to law school who are considering taking on a six-figure debt will get amisleading picture of the job market. 與此同時，早已準備好承擔六位數學費貸款的法學專業申請者，也會被這些數據所誤導，從而對律師行業的市場需求有著錯誤的認識。 The programmes rarely last more than a year, and often pay a pittance. 這項補貼計劃很少能持續超過一年，而且補貼量往往很低。 GW, which spends 4% of its budget on these wages, 2023年，將總預算的4%投入到了該計劃的GW， tried to cut pay rates in 2023 from 15 an hour to 10 before reversing itself after an uproar. 試圖將補貼水平從時薪15美元降低到10美元，而經歷了一次抗議后便否決了之前的降薪計劃。 Moreover, their success in getting graduates into genuine jobs is spotty: 此外，畢業生真實的就業成功率并不盡如人意： the NALP survey found that only 24% of participants from the class of 2023 had been hiredby their employers or in related fields by the following February. NALP的調查結果顯示，只有24%的2023屆就業計劃參與者最終被他們的雇主聘請或是在接下來的二月里就職于相關領域。 GW and UVA say their success rate is far higher than this. GW和UVA則表示，他們畢業生的就業成功率遠高于上述比例。 Robert Morse of U.S. News says it would consider excluding or reducing the weight ofschool-funded jobs. 美國資訊出版社的羅伯特莫爾斯表示，院校排名榜單將考慮排除或減少由學校補貼就職情況的影響， if it could somehow distinguish which ones are genuinely sought-after placements with theprospect of a proper job. 但這一切的前提是，我們能夠去辨別出一份經過層層篩選并且具備良好就業前景的實習機會。 The risk is that, like pre-bail-out carmakers dumping surplus vehicles on their dealers, 目前，整個法律教育界所存在的風險是，法律院校早已習慣于為企業買單， the law schools get used to paying legal firms to soak up their excess graduates. 其目的是吸收多余的畢業生。這就像是提前采取的救助措施的汽車制造商一樣，把自己多余的汽車都往經銷商處輸送。 The real test of the schools motivations will be whether they continue to run suchprogrammes if and when it no longer bumps them up the rankings. 只有在這樣的計劃不再能夠提高他們的排名之時，我們才能通過觀察這些計劃的執行與否，來判斷各大院校的真實意圖。 Legal jobs 法律工作 The price of success 成功的代價 Some American law schools are paying many oftheir graduates salaries 一些美國法律院校正在為許多他們的畢業生支付薪水 EACH YEAR when U.S. News, an American publisher, releases its league table of law schools, 每當U.S.News發布他們的年度法學院排行榜， potential students seize on it and the universities decry it for oversimplifying a personal andunquantifiable decision. 有潛力的學生們會好好把握這份資料，而各大院校則會開始譴責該排名的公允性，認為這份榜單忽視了個人的選擇傾向，以及量化了無法量化的因素。 But the schools can ill afford to ignore it, 但這些學校都難以回避它， since not just applicants but donors and even credit-rating agencies pay close attention tothe scores. 因為不僅僅是入學申請的學生們，連學校的捐贈人，甚至是專業評級機構都十分重視排行榜上的分數。 Among the ranking s most important components is the share of graduates who find jobs. 就整個評級系統來說，最重要的指標便是畢業生的就業比例。 The 2023 table, announced on March 11th, shows that the University of Virginia and GeorgeWashington University do especially well on this. 3月11日公布的2023榜單顯示，弗吉尼亞大學和喬治華盛頓大學在這方面顯得尤為突出。 Although UVA s law students are only in ninth place for their scores in standard admissiontests, 雖然UVA的法律專業學生標準入學考試成績僅排第九位， 97.5% of the class of 2023 had a job on graduatingthe best mark in the country. 但其2023年畢業生97.5%的就業率，則名列全國第一。 At GW the discrepancy was even more striking: its 85% graduate-employment rate rankedninth, whereas its admission-test scores were 21st. 而GW的數據差異則更驚人：名列第九位的85%畢業生就業率的同時，他們的SAT入學成績僅排21位。 However, the two schools performance is not as stellar as it seems. 然而，兩所院校的表現并不像其外表那么璀璨。 A close look at the online employment database of the American Bar Association reveals thatGW and UVA are among the leaders in a striking trend: 在美國律師協會網上就業數據庫的研究揭示出，GW和UVA都呈現出一個驚人的趨勢： law schools paying the salaries of their alumni when they go to work in legal firms,non-profits or the government. 當畢業生們進入律師事務所、非盈利組織或政府工作時，法律院校將為他們支付薪水。 GW paid the starting salaries of a whopping 22% of its 2023 graduates; 2023年，GW驚人地為他們22%的畢業生支付了起始薪水; at 15%, UVA was not far behind. 而UVA也不甘落后，其比例為15%。 Some law schools have long given aid to a few alumni who forsake high-paying corporatefirms to pursue public-interest law. 部分法律院校一直以來都為一些放棄了高收入企業的職位，轉而投身于公益法律援助的畢業生提供幫助。 But since the 2008-09 recession, entry-level jobs at big firms have been scarce. 但自2008-09年的經濟衰退以來，大企業的入門級職位已十分稀少。 This has led to a big expansion of bridge to practice schemes, 這一趨勢，令法律院校不得不擴大所謂的就業橋梁計劃， in which the schools pay graduates a stipend to do a work placement. 其中的具體方式便是由學校去補貼畢業生的實習工作。 In a recent survey by the National Association for Law Placement, 近期，一份由全國法律就業組織所調查的結果顯示， 45 of the 94 schools that responded now run such programmes. 94所院校當中有45所正執行著該項計劃。 Half of them began in 2009 or 2010, but UVA s has run since 2007. 他們當中的半數，是從2009年或2010年才開始的。但UVA自2007年起便一直在執行就業橋梁計劃。 It now pays 31,500 for graduates to work in public service for a year. 目前，UVA為其服務于公共部門的畢業生支付每年31500美元的補貼。 Arizona State University plans to set up a non-profit law firm, modelled on teaching hospitals, 而亞利桑那州立大學則計劃仿照醫學院附屬醫院的模式，成立一家非盈利律師事務所。 that will hire 30 recent graduates to provide legal services to lower-income clients. 這家事務所將雇傭其大學30%的畢業生，并且將致力于為低收入的顧客提供法律服務。 With demand for newly minted lawyers down by around 30%, 市場對新律師的需求同比以下降百分之三十。 the schemes spare the alumni from having an awkward gap on their CV, 而在這一情況下，上述計劃能夠讓畢業生們免于在職業生涯中留下尷尬的空白， and give them valuable work experience and contacts. 同時還能給予他們寶貴的工作經驗和人脈資源。 Their cash-strapped temporary employers, meanwhile, get talented staff they can put tosocially useful ends. 與此同時，資金短缺的臨時雇主們，也能得到具有才能的員工，并讓他們一展所長。 Dennis Corkery, a GW graduate, GW畢業生丹尼斯?卡爾凱利， got 525 a week from his alma mater to work on job-discrimination cases at the WashingtonLawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, a non-profit. 正在為致力于公民權利和城市事務的非營利組織華盛頓律師委員會工作，主要工作是解決職業歧視方面的糾紛。而他得到了來自母校每周525美元的補貼。 The organisation started topping up his wages from the university after four months, andgave him a full salary after 11. 在四個月的工作過后，該組織補足了來自學校的補貼，并在11個月后給予了他一份全額薪水。 Mr Corkery sees the scheme as a good way to give young lawyers an apprenticeship. 卡爾凱利先生認為，該計劃確實是一個能夠給予年輕律師學徒資格的好方法。 But so long as graduates put on these schemes are lumped in with those who found genuinepaid work at law firms, 但只要參與這些計劃的畢業生們，仍然與真正得到事務所聘用的人混為一談， the schools will in effect be buying themselves precious U.S. 那么實際上就相當于各大法律院校每年支付數百萬美元的費用， News ranking spots for a few million dollars a year. 用以維持他們在美國資訊排行榜上珍貴的地位。 And applicants to law school who are considering taking on a six-figure debt will get amisleading picture of the job market. 與此同時，早已準備好承擔六位數學費貸款的法學專業申請者，也會被這些數據所誤導，從而對律師行業的市場需求有著錯誤的認識。 The programmes rarely last more than a year, and often pay a pittance. 這項補貼計劃很少能持續超過一年，而且補貼量往往很低。 GW, which spends 4% of its budget on these wages, 2023年，將總預算的4%投入到了該計劃的GW， tried to cut pay rates in 2023 from 15 an hour to 10 before reversing itself after an uproar. 試圖將補貼水平從時薪15美元降低到10美元，而經歷了一次抗議后便否決了之前的降薪計劃。 Moreover, their success in getting graduates into genuine jobs is spotty: 此外，畢業生真實的就業成功率并不盡如人意： the NALP survey found that only 24% of participants from the class of 2023 had been hiredby their employers or in related fields by the following February. NALP的調查結果顯示，只有24%的2023屆就業計劃參與者最終被他們的雇主聘請或是在接下來的二月里就職于相關領域。 GW and UVA say their success rate is far higher than this. GW和UVA則表示，他們畢業生的就業成功率遠高于上述比例。 Robert Morse of U.S. News says it would consider excluding or reducing the weight ofschool-funded jobs. 美國資訊出版社的羅伯特莫爾斯表示，院校排名榜單將考慮排除或減少由學校補貼就職情況的影響， if it could somehow distinguish which ones are genuinely sought-after placements with theprospect of a proper job. 但這一切的前提是，我們能夠去辨別出一份經過層層篩選并且具備良好就業前景的實習機會。 The risk is that, like pre-bail-out carmakers dumping surplus vehicles on their dealers, 目前，整個法律教育界所存在的風險是，法律院校早已習慣于為企業買單， the law schools get used to paying legal firms to soak up their excess graduates. 其目的是吸收多余的畢業生。這就像是提前采取的救助措施的汽車制造商一樣，把自己多余的汽車都往經銷商處輸送。 The real test of the schools motivations will be whether they continue to run suchprogrammes if and when it no longer bumps them up the rankings. 只有在這樣的計劃不再能夠提高他們的排名之時，我們才能通過觀察這些計劃的執行與否，來判斷各大院校的真實意圖。 詞語解釋 1.afford to 支付的起 They can t afford to buy their own yet. 他們目前還買不起自己的廠房。 The organization can afford to hire someoneinternally who will spur positive but minor changes. 從內部選擇一位新總裁，通過較小幅度的調整就能為組織帶來積極變化，這是IMF可以承受的。 2.striking trend 明顯趨勢 Is a striking trend in the current globalization process. 在全球化的進程中技術壟斷成為一個明顯的趨勢。 This striking trend is yet another manifestation of the rise of china. 這一顯著趨勢仍然是中國崛起的另一體現。 3.aid to 幫助 Aid to greece was coupled with fierce budget cuts. 對希臘的援助導致德國進行了嚴重的預算裁減。 Why should others give aid to india? 那別人為什么還要援助印度呢? 4.lead to 導致,引起 Osteoporosis may also lead to tooth loss. 骨質疏松可能會導致牙齒脫落。 Salary differences between countries can lead to resentment. 不同國家間的薪酬差異會引起相互的敵視。
