網(wǎng)絡(luò)隱私與執(zhí)法

　　2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Online privacy and law enforcement 　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)隱私與執(zhí)法 　　Unwarranted 　　毫無道理 　　Why Microsoft is resisting an official demand tohand over data 　　為什么微軟要抵制官方要求拒不交出數(shù)據(jù) 　　LAWYERS for Microsoft and the Americangovernment are due to face each other in a court inNew Yorkon July 31st. The two sides havebeen arguing for months about a warrant, served on Microsoft in December, which requiresthe company to hand over e-mails stored at data centres inIreland. Microsoft has alreadychallenged the warrant once, but the judge who issued it upheld it. 　　微軟與美國政府的雙方律師預(yù)訂于7月31日在紐約的一個法庭上碰面。雙方對于在12月送達微軟的搜查令的爭論已持續(xù)數(shù)月，這一搜查令要求微軟交出存儲在愛爾蘭數(shù)據(jù)中心的電子郵件。微軟曾對此搜查令提出過質(zhì)疑，但是發(fā)出這一搜查令的法官堅持要搜查。 　　Microsoft has two main objections to the warrant, which law-enforcement officers soughtduring an investigation into drug-trafficking. First, it says, an American warrant cannot beused to seize evidence held abroad. Second, it claims that the warrant breaks theconstitution s Fourth Amendment, which forbids unreasonable searches and seizures,bynot specifying where the evidence is to be taken from. The warrant refers only toinformationstored at premises owned, maintained, controlled or operated by Microsoft.The company says the government should get the information by approaching the Irishauthorities, using a bilateral treaty. 　　這一搜查令的執(zhí)法人員在調(diào)查過程中追查毒品交易，而微軟對此搜查令主要有兩項反對。首先，美國的搜查令不能用于沒收保存在國外的證據(jù)。其次，微軟聲稱，這一搜查令違反了憲法第四修正案，而這一修正案禁止不指明證據(jù)去向的不合理的搜查與扣押。搜查令僅涉及儲存在由微軟所擁有、維護、控制或管理的場所的那些信息。微軟表示，政府應(yīng)該使用一項雙邊條例，通過愛爾蘭當(dāng)局得到那些信息。 　　The government calls this absurd. If Microsoft s argument stands, it believes, criminals couldput electronic evidence beyond the long arm of the law simply by claiming to live outsidetheUnited States.The government also says using treaties to seek information can be slow. 　　政府稱這很荒謬。它認為，如果微軟的說法站得住腳，犯罪分子就能聲稱居住在美國境外，輕易的把電子證據(jù)儲存在法律臂長不及的地方。政府也稱，使用跨國條例來查找信息，進度緩慢。 　　What is more, it argues, Microsoft is defining a warrant too narrowly. This matters becausethe authorities need a warrant, which requires no prior notice of seizure, to get hold ofunopened e-mails less than six months old. For older or opened e-mails, they need only asubpoena, a notice demanding that certain items be presented in court. The originaljudge agreed, saying that a warrant under the relevant lawthe Stored CommunicationsAct was a hybrid of a search warrant and a subpoena. In that case, Microsoftretorts, why did Congress bother to distinguish between a warrant and a subpoena whenit drew up the law? 　　政府認為，更重要的是，微軟對搜查令的定義太過狹隘。這很重要，因為政府需要使搜查令無需事先通知就能沒收證據(jù)，以得到六個月內(nèi)還未閱讀的電子郵件。而要獲取超過6個月的或已閱的電子郵件，他們僅需要發(fā)出一張傳票一個要求將相關(guān)條目呈上法庭的通知。原告法官認同說，涉及相關(guān)法律存儲通訊法的搜查令，是一種搜查令和傳票的混合體。在這種情況下，微軟反駁說，在制定法律的時候，為什么國會要如此麻煩的區(qū)分搜查令和傳票? 　　Commerce as well as principle explains Microsoft s nitpickingand the supporting briefs thatother American tech firms have filed in the case. If foreigners fear their data are not safefrom Uncle Sam s prying eyes in an American-owned data centre, they may turn to domesticproviders, at American companies expense. Such worries have grown since EdwardSnowden s leaks of American spooks activities last year. The tech firms may also hope a longcourt battle will prompt Congress to update the SCA. The law dates from 1986, when fewimagined the internet s borderless realm. 　　商業(yè)以及原則解釋了微軟的找茬和對于其他美國科技公司牽扯進此案的簡短的擁護聲明。如果國外用戶擔(dān)心他們儲存在美國所屬的數(shù)據(jù)中心的數(shù)據(jù)，在美國政府的窺探下不安全，他們也許會轉(zhuǎn)向本國的供應(yīng)商而讓美國公司付出代價。自從愛德華.斯諾登去年泄露了美國的間諜活動，這樣的擔(dān)心就日漸增長。高科技公司也許同樣會希望一場法庭上持久戰(zhàn)將會促使國會改進存儲通訊法案。這一法案可追溯到1986年，那時沒有人會想象到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會發(fā)展到無國界的境界。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.due to 由于;應(yīng)歸于 　　Due to the internal rebellion within the army. 　　這是由于軍隊內(nèi)部的反叛行為。 　　The traffic accident was allegedly due tonegligence. 　　這次車禍據(jù)說是由于疏忽造成的。 　　2.claim to 要求 　　She relinquished her claim to the property. 　　她放棄了對財產(chǎn)的要求。 　　If the goods were damaged in the post,you can put in a claim to the post office. 　　物品在郵寄過程中如有損壞，可向郵局提出索賠。 　　3.draw up 草擬，起草 　　We must draw up a contract. 　　我們必須草擬一份合同。 　　Draw up the contract. 　　草擬合同。 　　4.turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向;變成;求助于 　　Instead, they turn to the model. 　　取而代之，他們轉(zhuǎn)向模型。 　　Which corner can I turn to go there? 　　我該在哪轉(zhuǎn)彎就可以到那里?

　　2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Online privacy and law enforcement 　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)隱私與執(zhí)法 　　Unwarranted 　　毫無道理 　　Why Microsoft is resisting an official demand tohand over data 　　為什么微軟要抵制官方要求拒不交出數(shù)據(jù) 　　LAWYERS for Microsoft and the Americangovernment are due to face each other in a court inNew Yorkon July 31st. The two sides havebeen arguing for months about a warrant, served on Microsoft in December, which requiresthe company to hand over e-mails stored at data centres inIreland. Microsoft has alreadychallenged the warrant once, but the judge who issued it upheld it. 　　微軟與美國政府的雙方律師預(yù)訂于7月31日在紐約的一個法庭上碰面。雙方對于在12月送達微軟的搜查令的爭論已持續(xù)數(shù)月，這一搜查令要求微軟交出存儲在愛爾蘭數(shù)據(jù)中心的電子郵件。微軟曾對此搜查令提出過質(zhì)疑，但是發(fā)出這一搜查令的法官堅持要搜查。 　　Microsoft has two main objections to the warrant, which law-enforcement officers soughtduring an investigation into drug-trafficking. First, it says, an American warrant cannot beused to seize evidence held abroad. Second, it claims that the warrant breaks theconstitution s Fourth Amendment, which forbids unreasonable searches and seizures,bynot specifying where the evidence is to be taken from. The warrant refers only toinformationstored at premises owned, maintained, controlled or operated by Microsoft.The company says the government should get the information by approaching the Irishauthorities, using a bilateral treaty. 　　這一搜查令的執(zhí)法人員在調(diào)查過程中追查毒品交易，而微軟對此搜查令主要有兩項反對。首先，美國的搜查令不能用于沒收保存在國外的證據(jù)。其次，微軟聲稱，這一搜查令違反了憲法第四修正案，而這一修正案禁止不指明證據(jù)去向的不合理的搜查與扣押。搜查令僅涉及儲存在由微軟所擁有、維護、控制或管理的場所的那些信息。微軟表示，政府應(yīng)該使用一項雙邊條例，通過愛爾蘭當(dāng)局得到那些信息。 　　The government calls this absurd. If Microsoft s argument stands, it believes, criminals couldput electronic evidence beyond the long arm of the law simply by claiming to live outsidetheUnited States.The government also says using treaties to seek information can be slow. 　　政府稱這很荒謬。它認為，如果微軟的說法站得住腳，犯罪分子就能聲稱居住在美國境外，輕易的把電子證據(jù)儲存在法律臂長不及的地方。政府也稱，使用跨國條例來查找信息，進度緩慢。 　　What is more, it argues, Microsoft is defining a warrant too narrowly. This matters becausethe authorities need a warrant, which requires no prior notice of seizure, to get hold ofunopened e-mails less than six months old. For older or opened e-mails, they need only asubpoena, a notice demanding that certain items be presented in court. The originaljudge agreed, saying that a warrant under the relevant lawthe Stored CommunicationsAct was a hybrid of a search warrant and a subpoena. In that case, Microsoftretorts, why did Congress bother to distinguish between a warrant and a subpoena whenit drew up the law? 　　政府認為，更重要的是，微軟對搜查令的定義太過狹隘。這很重要，因為政府需要使搜查令無需事先通知就能沒收證據(jù)，以得到六個月內(nèi)還未閱讀的電子郵件。而要獲取超過6個月的或已閱的電子郵件，他們僅需要發(fā)出一張傳票一個要求將相關(guān)條目呈上法庭的通知。原告法官認同說，涉及相關(guān)法律存儲通訊法的搜查令，是一種搜查令和傳票的混合體。在這種情況下，微軟反駁說，在制定法律的時候，為什么國會要如此麻煩的區(qū)分搜查令和傳票? 　　Commerce as well as principle explains Microsoft s nitpickingand the supporting briefs thatother American tech firms have filed in the case. If foreigners fear their data are not safefrom Uncle Sam s prying eyes in an American-owned data centre, they may turn to domesticproviders, at American companies expense. Such worries have grown since EdwardSnowden s leaks of American spooks activities last year. The tech firms may also hope a longcourt battle will prompt Congress to update the SCA. The law dates from 1986, when fewimagined the internet s borderless realm. 　　商業(yè)以及原則解釋了微軟的找茬和對于其他美國科技公司牽扯進此案的簡短的擁護聲明。如果國外用戶擔(dān)心他們儲存在美國所屬的數(shù)據(jù)中心的數(shù)據(jù)，在美國政府的窺探下不安全，他們也許會轉(zhuǎn)向本國的供應(yīng)商而讓美國公司付出代價。自從愛德華.斯諾登去年泄露了美國的間諜活動，這樣的擔(dān)心就日漸增長。高科技公司也許同樣會希望一場法庭上持久戰(zhàn)將會促使國會改進存儲通訊法案。這一法案可追溯到1986年，那時沒有人會想象到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會發(fā)展到無國界的境界。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.due to 由于;應(yīng)歸于 　　Due to the internal rebellion within the army. 　　這是由于軍隊內(nèi)部的反叛行為。 　　The traffic accident was allegedly due tonegligence. 　　這次車禍據(jù)說是由于疏忽造成的。 　　2.claim to 要求 　　She relinquished her claim to the property. 　　她放棄了對財產(chǎn)的要求。 　　If the goods were damaged in the post,you can put in a claim to the post office. 　　物品在郵寄過程中如有損壞，可向郵局提出索賠。 　　3.draw up 草擬，起草 　　We must draw up a contract. 　　我們必須草擬一份合同。 　　Draw up the contract. 　　草擬合同。 　　4.turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向;變成;求助于 　　Instead, they turn to the model. 　　取而代之，他們轉(zhuǎn)向模型。 　　Which corner can I turn to go there? 　　我該在哪轉(zhuǎn)彎就可以到那里?