考研英語新題型破解秘籍
6選5論點找論據
6選5論點找論據，主要考查的是考生對文章段落內部分論點與支持該分論點的論據的匹配。在很大程度上反映出考生寫議論文的水平。
一、怎么考
大綱規定
在一篇長度約500詞的文章后有6段文字。這些文字分別是對文章中某一部分的闡述或舉例。要求考生根據文章的內容，從這6個選項中選出最恰當的5段文字填入文章的空白處。
命題形式
這個題型主要的形式就是文章中給出五個論點，文章末尾有六個選項，其中五個是用來分別闡述這五個論點的，要求將選項與原文論點一一對應。需要說明的是，選項并不一定都是具體的事例，也可能是進一步的闡釋和說明。樣題中只是給出其中一種可能性，本書的練習題將列出各種可能出現的形式供考生參考。
二、怎么學
參透用意，依題施法：認真閱讀2023年考試大綱和考試分析里有關本題型的相關規定，仔細分析、反復研究考試分析里的樣題，從樣題的分析中去尋找和探究命題者的心態，從而發現解答此類題型的方法。
考試分析指出，這一題型主要是考查考生把握論點論據一致性的能力。如樣題所示，該題型要求考生根據文章內容，從多個選項中找到能支持相應論點的論據。這就要求考生理解各個論點的重點和含義，并能找出與論點一致的依據。
從分析中可以看出，命題組出這樣的題，目的在于考察考生的演繹能力，就是給出論點，要求考生根據論點拓展開來，或是找出可以說明該論點的例子，或是找出進一步的闡釋和論證。重要的一點就是要明確這些論據是從原文中抽出來的，論點和論據是一體的，要始終保持語段的一致性。論據是為論點服務的，論據不僅要和論點相關，而且還要可以證明論點。命題組會給出六個備選答案，其中多余的那個也肯定與本文中的小論點有關。一定要提高警惕，這些和論點有點關系但并不能說明論點的，只是一些假朋友，注意要抵制他們的誘惑。而除去這個假朋友以外的五個選項，也會因其敘述的內容相關聯而容易被混淆，要始終清醒地明確只相關不行，必須要能說明這個論點。
從考試分析中樣題的具體分析可以看出，命題者十分注意考查考生對文章的整體把握能力，提醒考生注意不能直接根據小標題來找論據，而是要結合正文理解來進行選擇。因此，考生不能過于投機取巧，起碼要做到通讀全文，然后再回到論點來進行選擇。要記住，不能過于貿然。
依法練習，尋求突破：論據題，實際上就是根據文章中已經明示的論點從選項中尋找支持該論點的論據。在做練習時，一定要明確本題的主旨是考查考生對語段一致性的把握，要始終在一致這個大原則下做題，逐漸熟悉這種題型的解題思路和方法。只有通過大量的做題，才能發現其中的思路，才能找到感覺。
三、怎么解
這類題目主要是考查考生區分論點、論據，把握論點論據一致性的能力。
解題步驟
A.第一步,閱讀六個選項，在每個選項下方標注該選項的中文意思的幾個關鍵詞,做到解題前就已經心中有數,對備選的幾個論據有個大概把握。對于談論相似主體的選項，需區別內容的相同處和不同處，并牢記體現不同處的關鍵詞語。
B.第二步，通讀全文，精讀標題以及解釋標題的文字，在閱讀標題及其解釋性文字的同時應該將后面的論據逐一與選項相對照。
C.第三步，再次將選項與文中已選擇的標題進行比較，檢查它們是否是一致的。
解題技巧
A.排除原則：解題時要使用排除法逐一縮小可供選擇的范圍。
B.黑體原則：始終要抓住黑體字以及其解釋，根據黑體字以及其解釋一定可以選出答案。
四、大綱樣題
Directions:
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading .There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiartombstonethat lists where you went to school and where youve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the functionalresumedescriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.
Its handy to have a tombstonefor certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequestedtombstonelists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get reada resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.
41. Put yourself first:
In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.
42. Sell what you can do, not who you are:
Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.
Toot your own horn!
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.
43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!
Remember that brevity is the best policy.
44.Turn bad news into good:
Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.
45.Never apologize:
If youve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraphin place of a chronology of experience. Dont apologize for working as being a mother; its the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just dont mention education.
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Dont worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before youve ready to show it to a strangerfor a reaction. When youve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.
Isnt that the kind of person youd want working for your?
[A]A woman who lost her job as a teachers aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teachers aide she would rehire if government funds became available.
[B]One resume I received included the following:invited by my superior to straighten out our organizations accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her rewardall in 34 words.
[C]For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.
[D]An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statementReady to learn though not so well educated.
[E]One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.
[F]A woman once told me about a cash?flow crisis her employer had faced. Shed agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasnt in her resume. She answered,It wasnt important.What she was really saying of course wasIm not important.
[試題分析]
這是一篇如何寫好個人簡歷的文章。
首先，我們要通讀全文，了解大意。作者在文中強調了這么一點：簡歷應該要引起招聘者的興趣，應該是有趣的，具有個性的，同時又能與招聘要求吻合的。在文章中，作者給出了寫簡歷時的一些訣竅，每個訣竅都提煉出一個小標題，給出解釋和舉例。考生應該明確一點，這些小標題不一定等同于論點或段落總結句。小標題一般都較短，只看小標題不參考其解釋，就會出現只見樹木，不見森林的現象，很容易出現偏頗。因此，考生碰到這種情況時，一定要保持冷靜，不要急于求成，而是應該結合正文理解觀點的含義，然后再結合小標題提煉出論點，最后再去和選項結合。
第一點，Put yourself first。字面意思是把自己置于第一位。什么意思呢?下面的句子進行了解釋，要想讓自己的簡歷使人讀起來富有激情，那么你首先要對自己有自信。再看選項中哪個例子能進一步說明這一點呢?從選項中可以發現，有些例子是成功的例子，有些是不成功的例子。那么就有可能從正反兩方面舉例了，[F]就是一個反例，證明了第一個觀點。作者通過例子說明，不要認為自己做過的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人別人又怎么會重視呢?
第二點，Sell what you can do,not who you are 。字面意思是給別人展示你能干什么，而不是你是什么樣的人。要強調能力而不是性格。下面的解釋是這樣的：要學會把自己的個性和成就轉變限制到某個具體技能領域中，世界上有至少5000種技能領域。再帶著這個觀點來看后面的選項，文后的例子中[C]項是這么說的：例如，如果你有節約、投資、管理錢財的天分，那么你擁有理財的能力。這就是把一般的個性特征和相關的技能領域結合起來的例子。
第三點，Be specific,be concrete,and be brief!意思就是說要簡潔、具體。可以推斷，相關的例子應該是表現出簡歷具體、簡潔的一面。哪個選項說明了這一點呢?[B]項描寫一位女士僅用了34個詞就把重點說明白了，這反映的是簡潔這一特色。
第四點，Turn bad news into good字面意思是將壞消息變成好消息。下面解釋道：每個人在工作中總有不盡如人意的地方。如果要提到這些事，那么從積極、正面的角度去看。可以看出，這點就是要讓應聘者把自己不利的方面換一種表達方式，變不利為有利。[A]選項描述了一個女助教因為政府縮減資金而被解雇，這本來是工作經歷中不太好的一面，但是這位女士談起此事時提到這么一句，校長說了，如果政府的資金夠的話，她第一個重聘的就是我，從而變不利為有利，使人看到她的優勢。
第五點，Never apologize字面意思是不要道歉。下面的文字舉例說明了，不要為自己的弱勢感到自卑，要看到弱勢中的發光點;也不要提及嚴重影響求職的方面，可以適當避諱。個人簡歷不是進行道歉的地方。[D]項以一個失敗的例子說明了這一點：作者的一位朋友在簡歷中寫了好學，但教育程度不高，這點正好和解釋中的一點吻合：如果你沒有接受過專業訓練或高等教育，就不要提及教育這個方面。
[答案]41.F 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D
6選5論點找論據
6選5論點找論據，主要考查的是考生對文章段落內部分論點與支持該分論點的論據的匹配。在很大程度上反映出考生寫議論文的水平。
一、怎么考
大綱規定
在一篇長度約500詞的文章后有6段文字。這些文字分別是對文章中某一部分的闡述或舉例。要求考生根據文章的內容，從這6個選項中選出最恰當的5段文字填入文章的空白處。
命題形式
這個題型主要的形式就是文章中給出五個論點，文章末尾有六個選項，其中五個是用來分別闡述這五個論點的，要求將選項與原文論點一一對應。需要說明的是，選項并不一定都是具體的事例，也可能是進一步的闡釋和說明。樣題中只是給出其中一種可能性，本書的練習題將列出各種可能出現的形式供考生參考。
二、怎么學
參透用意，依題施法：認真閱讀2023年考試大綱和考試分析里有關本題型的相關規定，仔細分析、反復研究考試分析里的樣題，從樣題的分析中去尋找和探究命題者的心態，從而發現解答此類題型的方法。
考試分析指出，這一題型主要是考查考生把握論點論據一致性的能力。如樣題所示，該題型要求考生根據文章內容，從多個選項中找到能支持相應論點的論據。這就要求考生理解各個論點的重點和含義，并能找出與論點一致的依據。
從分析中可以看出，命題組出這樣的題，目的在于考察考生的演繹能力，就是給出論點，要求考生根據論點拓展開來，或是找出可以說明該論點的例子，或是找出進一步的闡釋和論證。重要的一點就是要明確這些論據是從原文中抽出來的，論點和論據是一體的，要始終保持語段的一致性。論據是為論點服務的，論據不僅要和論點相關，而且還要可以證明論點。命題組會給出六個備選答案，其中多余的那個也肯定與本文中的小論點有關。一定要提高警惕，這些和論點有點關系但并不能說明論點的，只是一些假朋友，注意要抵制他們的誘惑。而除去這個假朋友以外的五個選項，也會因其敘述的內容相關聯而容易被混淆，要始終清醒地明確只相關不行，必須要能說明這個論點。
從考試分析中樣題的具體分析可以看出，命題者十分注意考查考生對文章的整體把握能力，提醒考生注意不能直接根據小標題來找論據，而是要結合正文理解來進行選擇。因此，考生不能過于投機取巧，起碼要做到通讀全文，然后再回到論點來進行選擇。要記住，不能過于貿然。
依法練習，尋求突破：論據題，實際上就是根據文章中已經明示的論點從選項中尋找支持該論點的論據。在做練習時，一定要明確本題的主旨是考查考生對語段一致性的把握，要始終在一致這個大原則下做題，逐漸熟悉這種題型的解題思路和方法。只有通過大量的做題，才能發現其中的思路，才能找到感覺。
三、怎么解
這類題目主要是考查考生區分論點、論據，把握論點論據一致性的能力。
解題步驟
A.第一步,閱讀六個選項，在每個選項下方標注該選項的中文意思的幾個關鍵詞,做到解題前就已經心中有數,對備選的幾個論據有個大概把握。對于談論相似主體的選項，需區別內容的相同處和不同處，并牢記體現不同處的關鍵詞語。
B.第二步，通讀全文，精讀標題以及解釋標題的文字，在閱讀標題及其解釋性文字的同時應該將后面的論據逐一與選項相對照。
C.第三步，再次將選項與文中已選擇的標題進行比較，檢查它們是否是一致的。
解題技巧
A.排除原則：解題時要使用排除法逐一縮小可供選擇的范圍。
B.黑體原則：始終要抓住黑體字以及其解釋，根據黑體字以及其解釋一定可以選出答案。
四、大綱樣題
Directions:
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading .There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiartombstonethat lists where you went to school and where youve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the functionalresumedescriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.
Its handy to have a tombstonefor certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequestedtombstonelists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get reada resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.
41. Put yourself first:
In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.
42. Sell what you can do, not who you are:
Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.
Toot your own horn!
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.
43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!
Remember that brevity is the best policy.
44.Turn bad news into good:
Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.
45.Never apologize:
If youve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraphin place of a chronology of experience. Dont apologize for working as being a mother; its the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just dont mention education.
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Dont worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before youve ready to show it to a strangerfor a reaction. When youve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.
Isnt that the kind of person youd want working for your?
[A]A woman who lost her job as a teachers aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teachers aide she would rehire if government funds became available.
[B]One resume I received included the following:invited by my superior to straighten out our organizations accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her rewardall in 34 words.
[C]For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.
[D]An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statementReady to learn though not so well educated.
[E]One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.
[F]A woman once told me about a cash?flow crisis her employer had faced. Shed agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasnt in her resume. She answered,It wasnt important.What she was really saying of course wasIm not important.
[試題分析]
這是一篇如何寫好個人簡歷的文章。
首先，我們要通讀全文，了解大意。作者在文中強調了這么一點：簡歷應該要引起招聘者的興趣，應該是有趣的，具有個性的，同時又能與招聘要求吻合的。在文章中，作者給出了寫簡歷時的一些訣竅，每個訣竅都提煉出一個小標題，給出解釋和舉例。考生應該明確一點，這些小標題不一定等同于論點或段落總結句。小標題一般都較短，只看小標題不參考其解釋，就會出現只見樹木，不見森林的現象，很容易出現偏頗。因此，考生碰到這種情況時，一定要保持冷靜，不要急于求成，而是應該結合正文理解觀點的含義，然后再結合小標題提煉出論點，最后再去和選項結合。
第一點，Put yourself first。字面意思是把自己置于第一位。什么意思呢?下面的句子進行了解釋，要想讓自己的簡歷使人讀起來富有激情，那么你首先要對自己有自信。再看選項中哪個例子能進一步說明這一點呢?從選項中可以發現，有些例子是成功的例子，有些是不成功的例子。那么就有可能從正反兩方面舉例了，[F]就是一個反例，證明了第一個觀點。作者通過例子說明，不要認為自己做過的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人別人又怎么會重視呢?
第二點，Sell what you can do,not who you are 。字面意思是給別人展示你能干什么，而不是你是什么樣的人。要強調能力而不是性格。下面的解釋是這樣的：要學會把自己的個性和成就轉變限制到某個具體技能領域中，世界上有至少5000種技能領域。再帶著這個觀點來看后面的選項，文后的例子中[C]項是這么說的：例如，如果你有節約、投資、管理錢財的天分，那么你擁有理財的能力。這就是把一般的個性特征和相關的技能領域結合起來的例子。
第三點，Be specific,be concrete,and be brief!意思就是說要簡潔、具體。可以推斷，相關的例子應該是表現出簡歷具體、簡潔的一面。哪個選項說明了這一點呢?[B]項描寫一位女士僅用了34個詞就把重點說明白了，這反映的是簡潔這一特色。
第四點，Turn bad news into good字面意思是將壞消息變成好消息。下面解釋道：每個人在工作中總有不盡如人意的地方。如果要提到這些事，那么從積極、正面的角度去看。可以看出，這點就是要讓應聘者把自己不利的方面換一種表達方式，變不利為有利。[A]選項描述了一個女助教因為政府縮減資金而被解雇，這本來是工作經歷中不太好的一面，但是這位女士談起此事時提到這么一句，校長說了，如果政府的資金夠的話，她第一個重聘的就是我，從而變不利為有利，使人看到她的優勢。
第五點，Never apologize字面意思是不要道歉。下面的文字舉例說明了，不要為自己的弱勢感到自卑，要看到弱勢中的發光點;也不要提及嚴重影響求職的方面，可以適當避諱。個人簡歷不是進行道歉的地方。[D]項以一個失敗的例子說明了這一點：作者的一位朋友在簡歷中寫了好學，但教育程度不高，這點正好和解釋中的一點吻合：如果你沒有接受過專業訓練或高等教育，就不要提及教育這個方面。
[答案]41.F 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D
