高三英語語法和慣用法：“連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)”的5種類型
下面是福建省高考英語中的一道單選題：
Although ____A____ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.
A. against B. on C. for D. in
此題答案選A。根據(jù)句首的although可知，前后兩者句意思相反，故against。全句意為：雖然老教授不同意的觀點(diǎn)，但他也提不出自己的觀點(diǎn)。句中的although against my opinion為although he was against my opinion之省略，為連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)的一種。這類結(jié)構(gòu)歸納起來主要有以下幾種類型：
一、連詞+介詞
While at college, Delia wrote a novel. 上大學(xué)時(shí)，迪莉婭寫了一部小說。
Once in the examination hall, he forgot about all this. 他一進(jìn)考場(chǎng)，這一切他都忘了。
While in London, he studied the English labour movement. 在倫敦時(shí)他研究了英國(guó)的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)。
二、連詞+形容詞
He acted as if certain of success. 他表現(xiàn)得對(duì)成功很有把握似的。
If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。
Though exhausted, he stayed up late. 盡管疲憊不堪，他仍很晚才睡。
Whenever possible, the children play outside. 每當(dāng)可能，孩子們總在外邊玩耍。
Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，都要避免這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
Her daughters were of some help, however small. 她的女兒們總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。
三、連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
She tremble a little while doing so. 她這樣做時(shí)稍稍顫抖了一下。
He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看電視中的摔跤就很興奮。
They were surprised by her openness when talking about her private life. 她談起私生活時(shí)非常坦率，大家都很吃驚。
注：以下兩句中的before不是連詞，而是介詞，其的-ing動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)名詞，而非現(xiàn)在分詞：
Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. 證人作證前要先宣誓。
It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 買房子不事先估價(jià)是不明智的。
四、連詞+過去分詞
He will come if asked. 他如被邀就會(huì)來。
When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人問她時(shí)，她肯定了她將要退休。
While locked up in prison, she wrote her first novel. 她在獄中寫出了第一部小說。
When taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects. 若按說明服用，本藥無任何副作用。
五、連詞+不定式
Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance. 商業(yè)上的成功就在于把握時(shí)機(jī)。
Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那個(gè)陌生人面帶愉悅的笑容，轉(zhuǎn)身向我，似乎想對(duì)我說話。
【溫馨提示】
1. 連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)通常可視為一種緊縮的狀語從句，即認(rèn)為是省略了從句的主語(與主句主語一致)和主語后的動(dòng)詞be。如：
Look out for cars when (your are) crossing the street. 過街時(shí)注意車輛。
He acted as if (he was) certain of success. 他的舉止就像一定會(huì)成功一樣。
有時(shí)可視為省略了it is(其中的it并非主句主句)。如：
lf (it is) possible, please let me know by this evening. 如果可能的話，請(qǐng)?jiān)诮裢硪郧案嬖V我。
Where (it is) necessary, improvements will be made. 哪兒需要，就在哪兒改進(jìn)。
2. 并不是所有的狀語從句都可以用以上辦法來緊縮的，如原因從句就不能用這種辦法來處理。
下面是福建省高考英語中的一道單選題：
Although ____A____ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.
A. against B. on C. for D. in
此題答案選A。根據(jù)句首的although可知，前后兩者句意思相反，故against。全句意為：雖然老教授不同意的觀點(diǎn)，但他也提不出自己的觀點(diǎn)。句中的although against my opinion為although he was against my opinion之省略，為連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)的一種。這類結(jié)構(gòu)歸納起來主要有以下幾種類型：
一、連詞+介詞
While at college, Delia wrote a novel. 上大學(xué)時(shí)，迪莉婭寫了一部小說。
Once in the examination hall, he forgot about all this. 他一進(jìn)考場(chǎng)，這一切他都忘了。
While in London, he studied the English labour movement. 在倫敦時(shí)他研究了英國(guó)的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)。
二、連詞+形容詞
He acted as if certain of success. 他表現(xiàn)得對(duì)成功很有把握似的。
If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。
Though exhausted, he stayed up late. 盡管疲憊不堪，他仍很晚才睡。
Whenever possible, the children play outside. 每當(dāng)可能，孩子們總在外邊玩耍。
Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，都要避免這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
Her daughters were of some help, however small. 她的女兒們總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。
三、連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
She tremble a little while doing so. 她這樣做時(shí)稍稍顫抖了一下。
He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看電視中的摔跤就很興奮。
They were surprised by her openness when talking about her private life. 她談起私生活時(shí)非常坦率，大家都很吃驚。
注：以下兩句中的before不是連詞，而是介詞，其的-ing動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)名詞，而非現(xiàn)在分詞：
Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. 證人作證前要先宣誓。
It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 買房子不事先估價(jià)是不明智的。
四、連詞+過去分詞
He will come if asked. 他如被邀就會(huì)來。
When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人問她時(shí)，她肯定了她將要退休。
While locked up in prison, she wrote her first novel. 她在獄中寫出了第一部小說。
When taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects. 若按說明服用，本藥無任何副作用。
五、連詞+不定式
Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance. 商業(yè)上的成功就在于把握時(shí)機(jī)。
Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那個(gè)陌生人面帶愉悅的笑容，轉(zhuǎn)身向我，似乎想對(duì)我說話。
【溫馨提示】
1. 連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)通常可視為一種緊縮的狀語從句，即認(rèn)為是省略了從句的主語(與主句主語一致)和主語后的動(dòng)詞be。如：
Look out for cars when (your are) crossing the street. 過街時(shí)注意車輛。
He acted as if (he was) certain of success. 他的舉止就像一定會(huì)成功一樣。
有時(shí)可視為省略了it is(其中的it并非主句主句)。如：
lf (it is) possible, please let me know by this evening. 如果可能的話，請(qǐng)?jiān)诮裢硪郧案嬖V我。
Where (it is) necessary, improvements will be made. 哪兒需要，就在哪兒改進(jìn)。
2. 并不是所有的狀語從句都可以用以上辦法來緊縮的，如原因從句就不能用這種辦法來處理。
