SAT寫作：六大詞匯使用難點(diǎn)解析
為了方便廣大考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)，綜合整理了SAT寫作：六大詞匯使用難點(diǎn)解析，以供各位考生考試復(fù)習(xí)參考,希望對考生復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。
（一）容易混淆的詞匯
考生由于對形似、意近的詞辨別不清，不知道他們各自的具體用法，而在寫作中出現(xiàn)失誤。比如，有的詞雖然意思相同，但他們表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思的程度是不同的；有的英語單詞的漢語意思相同，但他們所限定修飾的詞、使用的范圍或者連接的成分是不同的；有的單詞的文體風(fēng)格不同，有正式和非正式之分。要注意自己寫文章的總體風(fēng)格，在正式文體中避免使用非正式的語言。鑒于選詞的難度，考生應(yīng)在平時(shí)注意多查詞典，注意其中所舉得例句，在看英語材料時(shí)留心寫作詞匯的具體使用環(huán)境，并摘錄一些自己能看明白但說不出的表達(dá)。
1、Original: Bill Gates gives a definite answer that college education does count.
Revised: Bill Gates gave a definitive answer: college education does count.
Definite意思是明確的、一定的，指意思明確，不會(huì)誤解；definitive也是明確的意思，但往往指權(quán)威性、最后決定的。此話出自比爾蓋茨之口，體現(xiàn)權(quán)威性，故將definite改為definitive。
2、Original: people may attend a university or college for various reasons...
Revised: people attend university or college for a multitude of reasons...
此處將various改為短語a multitude of更為正式，體現(xiàn)人們讀大學(xué)的原因很多。
3、Original: The kinds of education that we got on school are formal and intense ones...
Revised: The kinds of education that we receive at school is formal and of tentimes very intense.
不必用kinds of education，直接用education（教育）即可；受教育不同get，改為receive；在學(xué)校不必用at school；把one去掉，用oftentimes very intense指出學(xué)校教育常常是非常嚴(yán)格的。
4、Original: They can foster their interests in some fields to make life more colorful and meaningful.
Revised: They can even pick up hobbies to make life more colorful and enjoyable.
Foster their interests是培養(yǎng)興趣，此處用pick up hobbies（開始各種各樣的興趣）更為合適；不同的興趣是我們生活的調(diào)味劑，使我們的生活多姿多彩，樂趣無窮，把meaningful換成 enjoyable，與colorful搭配更合適。
5、Original: Needless to say, more employment means more income and less idle life, so that people can enjoy a better life and make investment in their future.
Revised: Needless to say, more employment means income and less idle time, so that people can enjoy a better life and invest in their own futures.
把idle life改為idle time更為合適，表示閑散時(shí)間；make investment可改為動(dòng)詞invest，與and前的動(dòng)詞enjoy詞性一致；人們各自有自己的未來，故將in their future改為in their own futures。
6、Original: Another important factor that contributes to the extension of life expectancy is the development of medical science.
Revised: Another imortant factor that contributes to the rise in life expectancy is the development of medical science.
人的壽命的延長可以表示為life extension，但是如果用life expectancy，則要用the increast of 或the rise in life expectancy。
7、Original: the growth of life span.
Revised: the rise in/increase of life span.
Life span意思是壽命，growth指生長，增長，壽命的延長用growth不合適，life span壽命的延長可以用rise in/increase of/extension of.
8、Original: energy saving
Revised: energy efficiency
Energy saving一般作定語，此處名詞短語節(jié)能最好用energy efficiency。
9、Original: with the increasing complicatedness of the job profile
Revised: with the increasing complexity of the modern jor profile
Complicatedness意思是錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，但是這種錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜是有邏輯的；complexity也是復(fù)雜的意思，但這種復(fù)雜是雜亂無辜的，現(xiàn)代的工作情況用complexity較為合適。
10、Original: Such experience will difinitely be helpful in childrens later life.
Revised: Such experience will benefit them later in life.
Helpful是提供幫助的意思，而benefit是使受益。這里作者想說的是孩子將來的人生會(huì)受益于這樣的經(jīng)歷，用benefit合適，因?yàn)檫@樣的經(jīng)歷不一定能對孩子將來的人生提供什么具體的幫助。
11、Original: In my submission, people should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing.
Revised: Because of these circumstances, I believe it is inevitable that people must do what they dont enjoy doing.
In ones submission雖然也可以表示某人所持的觀點(diǎn)，但是這是一種非常formal（正式）的表述，用在這里和整體文章的風(fēng)格不太相符。
12、 Original: For no one can promise what will happen in the future, if you dont save some money, an emergency will probably make you a cat on a hot brick.
Revised: Because no one can predict the future, if you dont save money an unforeseen emergency can be financially crippling.
Promise 的意思是承諾、允諾，用在這里不合適，作者要說的是沒有人能與之未來發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)該用predit。還有，作者在這里用了一個(gè)慣用語a cat on a hot brick，這又有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。第一，這個(gè)表述本身有錯(cuò)誤，正確的應(yīng)該是like a cat on hot bricks。第二，這個(gè)慣用語的意思是忐忑不安，如熱鍋上的螞蟻，用在這里意思也不太合適。
（二）固定搭配問題
適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂霉潭ù钆洌ㄈ绻潭ǘ陶Z）可以使文章表達(dá)流暢、到位，考生應(yīng)在平時(shí)閱讀范文或其他材料時(shí)，注意摘錄一些固定搭配，表明他們的用途范圍，并在練習(xí)寫作中留意固定搭配。當(dāng)然，記憶一定要準(zhǔn)確，特別要注意固定搭配中所使用的詞性、詞形等。
1、 Original: ...there is no deny that a university or college really offers us great enlightment for students future development and growth.
Revised: ... there is no denying that a university diploma really offers great opportunities for students personal growth.
there is no deny改為固定搭配there is no denying不可否認(rèn)。原句中還存在表達(dá)不當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}，應(yīng)該是大學(xué)文憑給學(xué)生們的個(gè)人發(fā)展提供了很多機(jī)會(huì)。
2、Original: Modern technologies have improved todays factories technology and brought pollutions to the minimum.
Revised: However, with the modern technology, air and noise pollution can be kept to a minimum.
降到最低程度是to a minimum。
3、Original: If you want to catch the pace of the rhythms of the modern world you had better get ready.
Revised: If you want to keep pace with the rhythms of the modern world, you had better get up early.
原句catch up with the pace的搭配是不對的，如果表述和現(xiàn)在世界的快節(jié)奏同步可以用keep pace with（與同步）或catch up withdoing sth. 表示花時(shí)間做某事等。另外，原句有些啰嗦，改后稿用while結(jié)構(gòu)省略了一個(gè)句子，使句子更加簡潔。
5、Original: The advertisement as the news inform us the current technologies of a country.
Revised: The ad informed us of the current technology, solar, available within that country.
讓某人得知什么消息或事情，要用inform sb. of sth.,不能直接說inform sb. sth.。
6、Original: I do admire those people who trust their first intuition for their courage to follow what their hearts believe.
Revised: I do admire those people who trust their first impressions, for they have the courage to follow their hearts.
跟著感覺走的英語表達(dá)式follow ones heart。
（三） 表達(dá)收中文影響的問題
英語和漢語表達(dá)有區(qū)別，如果在英語寫作中套漢語思維，就是中式化英語的表現(xiàn)。這只能使文章語言蹩腳、冗贅。所以考生在平時(shí)閱讀英語材料和練習(xí)寫作時(shí)，要注意英語表達(dá)和漢語表達(dá)的差別，切忌在寫作中硬套漢語思維。
1、 Original: If we agree to say that school offers us the best book knowledge acquisition then our society offers us the best surviving techniques in a hard way
Revised: If we agree that school offers the best method for the acquisition of book knowledge, then our society offers us the best method for acquiring common sense or street smarts.
Agree to say that表達(dá)中式化，只需要agree that即可；the best book knowledge acquisition改為the best method for the acquisition of book knowledge（學(xué)校給我們提供了獲取書本知識的最好方法）更為恰當(dāng)，同樣，后面的the best surviving techniques改為the best method for acquiring common sense...;加上street marks（街頭智慧）給文章的詞匯增添色彩。
2、Original: They can spend more time studying education and communication to improve their role as a mother, wifes and daughter.
Revised: They can also decide to spend more time studying, education themselves, in order to improve themselves in their roles as mothers, wives and daughters
原句中studying education and communication的說法中式化，不符合英語的表述，應(yīng)該為studying，educating themselves。除了詞語表達(dá)，此句中還存在其他問題，如名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用：不是提高他們的角色，而是提高他們自身以扮演好母親角色。還有，女性不止一個(gè)人。很多人都在扮演母親角色，role和mother應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故將improve their role as a mother改為improve themselves in their roles as mother；同樣，為保持一致，wife和daughter也可用復(fù)數(shù)，原文中wife的復(fù)數(shù)寫法有誤，應(yīng)該是wives。
3、Original：If you can get the point of communication by watching TV，will you...?
Revised：If one can learn about communicating from television，will you...?
原句的get the point of communication by watching TV表達(dá)不清，讓人難以理解，應(yīng)該是指從電視上學(xué)習(xí)交際：learn about communicating from television。
（四）動(dòng)詞形式不正確
考生容易犯的錯(cuò)誤還有對動(dòng)詞在不同地方使用的形式把握不清，有的應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)名詞的，卻直接用了動(dòng)詞原形，有的應(yīng)該使用過去分詞的，卻是用了動(dòng)名詞。考生需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：固定搭配中的動(dòng)詞形式；動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語；不同時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞形式。虛擬語氣也是寫作中容易出錯(cuò)的地方，主要是由于考生在寫作中沒有使用虛擬語氣的意識。所以，在平時(shí)考生應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對虛擬語氣的了解，注意虛擬語氣中動(dòng)詞的使用。
1、Original: So take all the above factors into account，I may not quite agree with the opinion that parents are our best teaches.
Revised：So，taking all of the above factors into account，I do not agree with the opinion that parents are our best teachers.
本段開頭的so take all 本應(yīng)該是伴隨狀語成分，但作者直接用了動(dòng)詞原形，這是錯(cuò)誤的，應(yīng)該和主句的主語I保持邏輯一致，是作者把以上的因素考慮在內(nèi)的。除此以外，原句中作者為能明確表明自己的立場，把may not quite agree改為do not agree。
2、Original：We can enjoy the art of cuisine in cooking rather than tolerating the time-consuming preparation.
Revised: We can enjoy the art of cooking rather than simply tolerate the time-consuming preparation.
rather than的前后用此應(yīng)保持一致，此處rather than后的用詞要與其前面的動(dòng)詞原形enjoy保持一致，故將tolerating改為tolerate。原句中還有一個(gè)用此問題，cuisine本意為烹飪，與in cooking沖突，故只保留一個(gè)cooking即可。
3、Original：Drink water with hygiene will certainly benefit the local folks a lot.
Revised：Drinking clean water will certainly benefit the local population.
原句動(dòng)名詞作主語，將drink該為drinking。原句中還有詞匯表達(dá)問題：干凈的水用clean water表達(dá)恰當(dāng)，不用water with hygiene。
4、Original：The rapid development of science and technology has lead to an increasing need for more relaxation in off-work time.
Revised：The rapid development of modern economies has led to an increasing need for more relaxation in off-work time.
原句中l(wèi)ead在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中應(yīng)該用過去分詞，應(yīng)該為led。
5、Original：CCTV 10 is such a channel intended to teach people...
Revised：CCTV 10 is a channe that teaches people...
原句中的intend不應(yīng)用過去分詞的形式。
6、Original：They keep focused on money while friends and families slip away.
Revised：They keep focusing on money while friends and families slip away.
focus（聚焦、集中于）此處應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式，keep doing一直做某事，keep focusing on。
（五）名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞的使用
1、Original：a even brighter future
Revised：an even brighter future
even是以元音因素開頭的，所以用不定冠詞an。
2、Original：I often watch TV with my father when there is a NBA game.
Revised：I often watch TV with my father when there is an NBA game.
字母N是以元音因素（e）開頭的，故用不定冠詞an。
3、 Original：Additionally getting a job will enrich their experience and build up their resume，better preparing them for the future career.
Revised：Additionally getting a job will enrich their experience and build up their resume，better preparing them for future careers.
原句中是指他們（年輕人）未來的事業(yè)，這些人將來會(huì)有所不同的事業(yè)，故career要變復(fù)數(shù)；將來的事業(yè)此處不是特指，不需要加定冠詞the。
（六）用詞與文章風(fēng)格不符
在托福作為寫作中，應(yīng)避免使用口語化的詞或表達(dá)，如俚語、省略表達(dá)（cant）；也應(yīng)該避免使用概念較大或者學(xué)術(shù)性的詞或表達(dá)。
1、Original：It is in intelligence that makes people successful and earn large sum of bucks and gain great reputation！
Revised：So，I believe it is intelligence that leads to success in terms of financial wealth and reputation.
buck有美元的意思，但這是一種非常不正式的說法。在寫作中所使用的語言要注意整體的風(fēng)格，如果在正式的寫作中出現(xiàn)及其口語化或俚語化的詞語，會(huì)讓閱卷者感到很突兀。
2、Original：The international banks are cognizant of the new laws significance.
Revised：The international banks are aware of the new lawsignificance.
cognizant是十分正式的詞（屬于jargon），此處用aware即可，在托福寫作中，要避免使用屬于性質(zhì)的詞。
