gre argument 提綱
gre argument 提綱
1.The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Natures Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.
Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsvilles schoolchildren are required to participate in a fitness for life program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age.
A、跑鞋和運動服裝賣得好并不一定說明P地區(qū)的居民關(guān)注健康生活，可能因為這樣的商店比較少，因此即使是絕對數(shù)字不大的居民購買也會形成賣得好的情況。同樣，健康俱樂部體重練習和厭氧練習班滿員也不能說明，因為同樣可能因為這樣的俱樂部很少。
B、即使跑鞋、運動服裝賣得好，健康俱樂部滿員，是因為P地區(qū)的居民關(guān)注健康生活，也不一定適合在P地區(qū)開設(shè)Natures Way的商店。因為正如作者所說的，他是根據(jù)以往在其他地區(qū)的經(jīng)驗得出的，而其他地方成功的做法在P地區(qū)并不一定同樣取得成功。因為P地區(qū)的居民的喜好可能有所不同。
C、另外，學生被要求參加fitness for life項目，并不一定他們就開始關(guān)注健康生活了;即使他們開始關(guān)注，也不一定會喜歡Natures Way的健康食品以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。每個人都有自己獨特的喜好。
2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the communitys yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.
A、B地區(qū)提出了這樣的要求，但是B地區(qū)的居民是否真正嚴格執(zhí)行了這個要求，作者并沒有提及。如果該地區(qū)居民并沒有嚴格按照該規(guī)則執(zhí)行，則作者之后的推測就完全站不住腳了。
B、即使B地區(qū)的居民嚴格執(zhí)行了該規(guī)則，也不一定是促成B地區(qū)平均價值增長3倍原因。因為造成平均價值增長的原因還有很多，比如通貨膨脹，購買需求增長等。
C、即使B地區(qū)平均價值增長3倍是由于該規(guī)則，那也是7年前到現(xiàn)在的情況，并不能夠保證今后還能繼續(xù)增長下去。人們對房屋的評判標準是會隨著時間改變的，可能今后人們更加關(guān)注于房屋的結(jié)構(gòu)、房屋的地理位置以及周圍環(huán)境等。
D、即使還能夠繼續(xù)增長下去，那也是B地區(qū)，D地區(qū)即使采用了相同的措施也不一定能夠獲得同樣的成功，因為兩個地區(qū)畢竟有很多的不同，例如D地區(qū)的居民可能不太喜歡這樣的要求，該地區(qū)的居民可能更加關(guān)注于房屋的物理結(jié)構(gòu)以及價格等。
3.The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.
In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work.
A、去大公司的人數(shù)下降并不一定說明畢業(yè)生不想去大公司，可能是由于應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生的總?cè)藬?shù)下降了。
B、調(diào)查的范圍太小了，僅僅調(diào)查了在頂尖法律學校的一年級學生，這樣的樣本并不能夠代表整個法律學校的學生，另外，樣本選擇的隨機性是否得到保證作者也沒有給出相應(yīng)的證明。
C、作者錯誤地假設(shè)了只要大公司向畢業(yè)生提供更多的薪水，一個更短的工作時間，就能夠讓學生感受到更好的工作滿足感，工作滿足感還和其他很多因素有關(guān)，例如辦公地點的環(huán)境，辦公地點里員工家庭住址的距離等。
4.The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.
Of the two leading real estate firms in our town-Adams Realty and Fitch Realty-Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.
A、F公司有25名員工，很多員工是兼職，而A公司有40名員工，這并不能說明A公司要比F公司好。F公司的25名員工，雖然其中很多是兼職，但是他們可能工作的經(jīng)歷更長，經(jīng)驗更豐富，工作效率更高。
B、兩家公司的平均房屋銷售價并不一定存在可比性，因為兩家公司可能賣的房屋的類型不一樣，可能A公司賣中、大型商品房，而F公司賣小型商品房，這樣A公司的平均價格自然要比F公司高。
C、A公司賣房子比F公司快，并不一定說明A公司的銷售能力就要比F公司好，因為兩間房子并不是一樣的，可能一間房子好一些，而另一間相對要差一些，地理位置因素，房屋結(jié)構(gòu)，新舊等。
D、即使說明A公司的銷售能力比F公司好，那也是十年前的F公司和去年的A公司，都不能夠代表現(xiàn)在的兩家公司。因為隨著時間變化，兩家公司都可能會產(chǎn)生很大的變化。即使現(xiàn)在A公司仍然要比F公司的銷售能力好，那也只能說明銷售作者的那兩套房子上的能力不同，并不一定能夠代表兩家公司其他方面的銷售能力。
5.The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper.
Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis.
A、作者的所有推理都是建立在一開始的假設(shè)上的，如果該假設(shè)不成立，則作者其他所有推理都將不成立，而在未來風濕病患者增長40 million到60 million作者并沒有給出可以讓人信服的證據(jù)，因此該假設(shè)很可能不成立。
B、即使該假設(shè)成立，B公司也不一定能夠抓到高利潤。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學常識，利潤等于銷售額減去成本。如果B公司開發(fā)以及生產(chǎn)X藥的成本很高，那么即使銷售不錯，也可能不盈利，甚至虧本。
C、對于P公司的X藥，臨床研究的樣本數(shù)太少，只有10個病人，而且這10個病人都是嚴重的風濕病，以此該樣本并不能夠代表所有的風濕病患者。
D、即使能夠代表所有的風濕病患者，也存在著利潤問題，高成本的話就不一定能夠產(chǎn)生利潤了。
6.The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.
A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.
A、首先，該全國范圍的調(diào)查樣本選取是否足夠隨機，如果不隨機，則調(diào)查結(jié)果就不能夠得出人均花費$1,000在爵士音樂娛樂上的結(jié)論。
B、即使該調(diào)查足夠隨機，那也是全國范圍的調(diào)查結(jié)論，對于M地區(qū)并不一定成立。M地區(qū)的居民花費在爵士音樂娛樂上的錢不足$1,000。正如作者所說，M地區(qū)的居民喜歡Jazz Nightly的廣播節(jié)目，因此該地區(qū)的居民可能更喜歡收聽免費的廣播，而不是去俱樂部等地方進行消費。
C、即使M地區(qū)的居民也年均花費$1,000在爵士娛樂上，也不一定會去M地區(qū)的C Note爵士音樂俱樂部。目前的俱樂部雖然遠，但并不代表人們不去。可能該俱樂部環(huán)境比較好，爵士音樂純正，人們喜歡去那里。
D、即使人們?nèi) Note，也不一定能夠保證C Note能賺錢。利潤等于收入減去成本，而作者忽視了成本中一個很重要且很大的成本品牌成本。C Note創(chuàng)立之初，一定會需要大筆的資金進行品牌宣傳。
E、另外，有名的爵士藝人住在M地區(qū)，并不代表他們會在M地區(qū)進行表演。100,000參加M地區(qū)的爵士歡慶，并不能夠說明爵士樂在M地區(qū)很受歡迎，人們?nèi)ツ抢锟赡苁瞧渌颍缱沸恰＜词拐f明人們喜歡爵士樂，那也是去年夏天了，并不表示今后也是如此。
7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.
In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.
A、作者并沒有給出呼吸疾病患者的基數(shù)。如果基數(shù)比較小，那么即使增加少量的人，也會導致增長的比值很大。也是呼吸疾病患者確實大量增加了，也不一定說明是空氣污染造成的。常識告訴我們，氣候變化也可能造成呼吸疾病。
B、即使是由于空氣污染造成的，也并不一定是由于C地區(qū)的工廠增加導致的。空氣污染惡化可能和C地區(qū)的氣候變化有關(guān)，例如季風的變化，季風變化后可能就帶不走C地區(qū)工廠排放的廢氣，造成C地區(qū)的廢氣積累。另外，C地區(qū)的工廠數(shù)增加也存在著基數(shù)問題。
C、即使是因為C地區(qū)的工廠數(shù)增加了，導致了C地區(qū)的空氣污染惡化，也并非是由于FB不采取環(huán)境保護的緣故。工廠數(shù)增加可能是由于C地區(qū)經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展。國家的宏觀調(diào)控對C地區(qū)也有影響。
D、即使是由于FB不采取環(huán)境保護，作者也錯誤地假設(shè)了只要AG上臺，就能夠解決C地區(qū)的環(huán)境問題。環(huán)境問題牽扯到很多因素，AG雖然是GEC的成員，也并不代表AG就有能力解決這諸多因素。另外，如果是國家宏觀調(diào)控的話，AG顯然還是沒有辦法解決。
8.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.
Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.
A、首先，作者簡單地認為利潤高是并購的充分條件。兩家公司要能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)成功并購，需要考慮兩家公司的企業(yè)文化是否能夠很好地融合，如果不能夠的話，一加一可能會小于二，甚至小于一。還有收購的費用是否合理等。
B、MF去年的利潤增長了，并不代表MF今年以及今后仍然能夠保持增長。人們的口味會隨著時間有所改變，今后人們可能就不喜歡DS食品的味道了，或者人們開始更看重食品的健康程度而非口味，而DS的食品健康性可能不盡如人意。
C、正如作者所說，O公司對14至25歲人群比較感興趣，但作者并未說明MF的DS適合該人群。即使DS適合該人群，也正如作者在文中所提到的，DS只是在一個小地區(qū)獲得了成功，并不代表可以在全國獲得成功。
9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.
Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors.
A、O大學的教授開始給學生更高的分數(shù)，并不一定是因為學生評價教授的機制的存在。可能是O大學的學生平均來說都要比以前學習刻苦了，或者說學習的課目較之15年前要簡單了。
B、即使學生獲得了更高的分數(shù)，是因為O大學的教授怕學生通過該機制對他進行不利的評價，從而使得潛在的雇傭者質(zhì)疑這樣的分數(shù)，也不一定能夠解釋O大學的畢業(yè)生找工作沒有A大學畢業(yè)生成功的現(xiàn)象。找工作困難和其他很多因素都有關(guān)，例如專業(yè)對不對口，學生本身的尋求條件高低等。
C、即使是因為這個原因?qū)е铝薕大學的畢業(yè)生找工作更困難，O大學也不應(yīng)該斷然停止一項維持了15年的機制。事物都有兩面性，作者忽視了該機制所帶來的正面效應(yīng)，例如讓教授對自己教授的課程更加負責了等等。
10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.
The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.
A、牛奶價格從$1.50找到超過$3.00每加侖，并不能夠說明奶農(nóng)在其中賺取了更多的利潤。可能因為生產(chǎn)牛奶的成本增加了，也可能是因為通貨膨脹導致價格上漲。
B、牧場數(shù)量增加了25%，但并不意味著牛奶產(chǎn)量也增加了，很可能牧場數(shù)量增加了而牛奶產(chǎn)量卻下降了。
C、作者沒有給出充分的理由來說明用政府干預經(jīng)濟的方法是必須的。經(jīng)濟常識告訴我們，市場具有自我調(diào)節(jié)能力，政府可能可以通過市場的手段來解決牛奶供應(yīng)的問題。
