職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)完形填空2023年基礎(chǔ)備考必備專(zhuān)項(xiàng)習(xí)題
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories dont yet ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about ______ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, dont. In fact, computers dont ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer ______ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a purpose.
Of course, people have several goals that do not make ______ to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide ______ order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to ______ a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give ______ to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A. goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find ______ about the name of a restaurant which ______ the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer ______ want to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not ______ out of hunger in the case of the computer2, it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants.
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. attribute to computers:把歸于電腦,歸屬于電腦
2. in the case of computer:對(duì)于電腦來(lái)說(shuō)
練習(xí):
1.A) express B) explain C) account D) count
2.A) why B) how C) what D) when
3.A) once B) even C) ever D) often
4.A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
5.A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
6.A) of B) or C) in D) and
7.A) find B) search C) look D) watch
8.A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
9.A) place B) food C) reference D) information
10.A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
11.A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
12.A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness
13.A) could B) might C) should D) would
14.A) as B) on C) by D) in
15.A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive
答案與題解:
1.C 此處考查對(duì)固定搭配的掌握情況,只有account能與for搭配,意為解釋?zhuān)渌齻€(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,不與介詞搭配。
2.C 分析全句,此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)填what,此句意為 去了解他們所感興趣的東西,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為關(guān)系副詞,不能充當(dāng)從句中的賓語(yǔ)。
3.B 此處選even加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,事實(shí)上,電腦甚至都沒(méi)有興趣。
4.A computer program是常見(jiàn)搭配,意為電腦程序,其他選項(xiàng)與句意不符,故排除。
5.B make sense是固定搭配,意思是有道理,合理,能被理解。整句的意思為當(dāng)然人也有目標(biāo),但這些目標(biāo)若被歸在電腦身上便不合邏輯了。
6.C in order to是固定搭配,表示目的,意為為了,故選C。
7.A 結(jié)合上下文我們得知,此處應(yīng)填具有尋找含義的詞,watch沒(méi)有此含義,首先被排除,C 選項(xiàng)后若加上for,便符合文義,search有搜尋,查找的含義,但一般指深人徹底地調(diào)查,只有A選項(xiàng)fmd在含義和語(yǔ)氣上都符合句意。
8.C 從下一句便可找到答案為C選項(xiàng),give rise to意為引起,導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生。
9.D 選擇D意為找到關(guān)于餐館名字的信息,其他選項(xiàng)放此處均不合適。
10.D 此處需填一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,因此要搞清主語(yǔ)餐館與賓語(yǔ)食物之間的關(guān)系,只有餐館供應(yīng)食物合乎邏輯,故答案為serve。
11.A 上文提到了種種人生理的、智力上的、認(rèn)知的目標(biāo),因?yàn)轲I得到了有關(guān)餐館的信息,因而此處要填獲取,B, C, D與文意不符。
12.B 此空依然承接上文的意思,那些目標(biāo)都是獲取信息的目標(biāo),都是學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo),答案為B選項(xiàng)。
13.B 此處缺一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,閱讀到后半句時(shí)便很容易選出答案,此處的might與后面as a person might相呼應(yīng),表示不確定的推測(cè),意為可能,也許。
14.D 能與way搭配的介詞一般只有in,表示以方式,此處的含義為與一個(gè)人可能想要做事的方式相同。
15.A arise out of是固定搭配,意為起于,即使不知道短語(yǔ)的含義,看到后面又出現(xiàn)一次arise out of,也應(yīng)可以選出答案。
譯文:人與電腦的區(qū)別
是什么讓人有別于電腦程序?我們的理論還沒(méi)有解釋的缺少的要素是什么?答案很簡(jiǎn)單:人們閱讀報(bào)紙故事為了學(xué)習(xí)更多他們感興趣的東西,而電腦不是。事實(shí)上,電腦甚至連興趣都沒(méi)有,當(dāng)它們?cè)噲D閱讀時(shí)它們沒(méi)有尋找任何特別的東西。如果一個(gè)電腦程序是理解故事模式,那它也是為了某個(gè)意圖去閱讀。
誠(chéng)然,人類(lèi)的意圖若是被強(qiáng)加到電腦身上便沒(méi)有任何意義。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)讀就餐指南,只是為了解決饑餓或是有娛樂(lè)目的,也可能是為了尋找一個(gè)吃商務(wù)餐的好地方。電腦不會(huì)餓,也不吃商務(wù)餐。
然而,這些心理和社會(huì)目標(biāo)會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些智力或者認(rèn)知目標(biāo)。一個(gè)想要解決饑餓的意圖會(huì)促使這樣的念頭產(chǎn)生:找到一個(gè)提供我們想要的食物的餐廳,這餐廳叫什么名,價(jià)位如何,在什么位置等。我們把這些為了獲取信息或者知識(shí)的目標(biāo)叫作學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。電腦也能有這些目標(biāo);一臺(tái)電腦也許想要尋找餐廳的方位,并且為了做得像一個(gè)人一樣去閱讀一個(gè)指南。雖然這樣的目標(biāo)就電腦來(lái)說(shuō)不是產(chǎn)生于饑餓,但電腦很可能從這個(gè)目標(biāo)去獲得更多關(guān)于餐廳的信息。
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories dont yet ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about ______ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, dont. In fact, computers dont ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer ______ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a purpose.
Of course, people have several goals that do not make ______ to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide ______ order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to ______ a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give ______ to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A. goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find ______ about the name of a restaurant which ______ the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer ______ want to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not ______ out of hunger in the case of the computer2, it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants.
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. attribute to computers:把歸于電腦,歸屬于電腦
2. in the case of computer:對(duì)于電腦來(lái)說(shuō)
練習(xí):
1.A) express B) explain C) account D) count
2.A) why B) how C) what D) when
3.A) once B) even C) ever D) often
4.A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
5.A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
6.A) of B) or C) in D) and
7.A) find B) search C) look D) watch
8.A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
9.A) place B) food C) reference D) information
10.A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
11.A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
12.A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness
13.A) could B) might C) should D) would
14.A) as B) on C) by D) in
15.A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive
答案與題解:
1.C 此處考查對(duì)固定搭配的掌握情況,只有account能與for搭配,意為解釋?zhuān)渌齻€(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,不與介詞搭配。
2.C 分析全句,此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)填what,此句意為 去了解他們所感興趣的東西,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為關(guān)系副詞,不能充當(dāng)從句中的賓語(yǔ)。
3.B 此處選even加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,事實(shí)上,電腦甚至都沒(méi)有興趣。
4.A computer program是常見(jiàn)搭配,意為電腦程序,其他選項(xiàng)與句意不符,故排除。
5.B make sense是固定搭配,意思是有道理,合理,能被理解。整句的意思為當(dāng)然人也有目標(biāo),但這些目標(biāo)若被歸在電腦身上便不合邏輯了。
6.C in order to是固定搭配,表示目的,意為為了,故選C。
7.A 結(jié)合上下文我們得知,此處應(yīng)填具有尋找含義的詞,watch沒(méi)有此含義,首先被排除,C 選項(xiàng)后若加上for,便符合文義,search有搜尋,查找的含義,但一般指深人徹底地調(diào)查,只有A選項(xiàng)fmd在含義和語(yǔ)氣上都符合句意。
8.C 從下一句便可找到答案為C選項(xiàng),give rise to意為引起,導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生。
9.D 選擇D意為找到關(guān)于餐館名字的信息,其他選項(xiàng)放此處均不合適。
10.D 此處需填一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,因此要搞清主語(yǔ)餐館與賓語(yǔ)食物之間的關(guān)系,只有餐館供應(yīng)食物合乎邏輯,故答案為serve。
11.A 上文提到了種種人生理的、智力上的、認(rèn)知的目標(biāo),因?yàn)轲I得到了有關(guān)餐館的信息,因而此處要填獲取,B, C, D與文意不符。
12.B 此空依然承接上文的意思,那些目標(biāo)都是獲取信息的目標(biāo),都是學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo),答案為B選項(xiàng)。
13.B 此處缺一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,閱讀到后半句時(shí)便很容易選出答案,此處的might與后面as a person might相呼應(yīng),表示不確定的推測(cè),意為可能,也許。
14.D 能與way搭配的介詞一般只有in,表示以方式,此處的含義為與一個(gè)人可能想要做事的方式相同。
15.A arise out of是固定搭配,意為起于,即使不知道短語(yǔ)的含義,看到后面又出現(xiàn)一次arise out of,也應(yīng)可以選出答案。
譯文:人與電腦的區(qū)別
是什么讓人有別于電腦程序?我們的理論還沒(méi)有解釋的缺少的要素是什么?答案很簡(jiǎn)單:人們閱讀報(bào)紙故事為了學(xué)習(xí)更多他們感興趣的東西,而電腦不是。事實(shí)上,電腦甚至連興趣都沒(méi)有,當(dāng)它們?cè)噲D閱讀時(shí)它們沒(méi)有尋找任何特別的東西。如果一個(gè)電腦程序是理解故事模式,那它也是為了某個(gè)意圖去閱讀。
誠(chéng)然,人類(lèi)的意圖若是被強(qiáng)加到電腦身上便沒(méi)有任何意義。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)讀就餐指南,只是為了解決饑餓或是有娛樂(lè)目的,也可能是為了尋找一個(gè)吃商務(wù)餐的好地方。電腦不會(huì)餓,也不吃商務(wù)餐。
然而,這些心理和社會(huì)目標(biāo)會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些智力或者認(rèn)知目標(biāo)。一個(gè)想要解決饑餓的意圖會(huì)促使這樣的念頭產(chǎn)生:找到一個(gè)提供我們想要的食物的餐廳,這餐廳叫什么名,價(jià)位如何,在什么位置等。我們把這些為了獲取信息或者知識(shí)的目標(biāo)叫作學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。電腦也能有這些目標(biāo);一臺(tái)電腦也許想要尋找餐廳的方位,并且為了做得像一個(gè)人一樣去閱讀一個(gè)指南。雖然這樣的目標(biāo)就電腦來(lái)說(shuō)不是產(chǎn)生于饑餓,但電腦很可能從這個(gè)目標(biāo)去獲得更多關(guān)于餐廳的信息。