高中英語語法-高三英語知識點綜合訓練2
高三英語知識點綜合訓練2
except for:
指不同類別的事情或性質不同的事情,或表示某人/物 在總體上是好的,只是其中的某個細節或某個環節不盡人意
eg.
⑴Except for Li Ming, they are all workers.
除了李明之外,他們都是工人
⑵Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了約翰之外,每個人都回答出了問題
⑶The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名詞不同類)
這個房間空空的,只不過有把破椅子
⑷I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.
我對他一無所知,只是知道他來自日本
⑸She goes to school by bike except when it rains.
她騎自行車去上學,除了下雨時不騎
⑹He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有實義動詞do,則后面接不帶to的不定式)
他只好走著回家了
=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若沒有實義動詞do,則后面接帶to的不定式)
高考題例:
I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing. (2000上海高考)
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D.besides
分析:
except for與except that同義,但except for后不能接句子,后句she is from Beijing是一個完整的陳述句,故用except that連接,that不作成分。
答案:C
*besides: (prep.) 除之外還有,常與also, else, other等詞連用。如:
⑴Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.
除了網球之外,他還打籃球和踢足球。
⑵I have three other dictionaries besides this one.
除了這本詞典,我還有三本別的詞典。
*besides: (adv.) 此外,而且
⑴I haven't time to see the film-----besides, it's had dreadful reviews.
我沒有時間去看這部影片,再說,影評也諸多貶斥。
⑵I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了,而且時候已晚了。
13. with的復合結構 :常在句中作狀語,表示伴隨動作、行為方式及原因、條件或結果等情況。
with + 賓語 +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要執行的動作)/done(表示動作的完成及被動)
⑴She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)
她經常開著窗戶睡覺。
⑵He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)
他手里拿著本書進來了
⑶She felt scared with so many people looking at her. (doing)
這么多人看著她,她感到害怕。
⑷He was brought in with his hands tied back.. (done)
他雙手綁在身后被帶了進來
⑸With everything bought, he left the market. (done)
買完了所需要的東西之后,他離開了市場
⑹The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing)
國王進來了,身后跟著所有的仆人。
⑺With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .
由于沒有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步
⑻He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他離開了房間,燈亮著
高考題例1:
With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海高考)
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
分析:
因后句的進行時表示將來,新當選的總統將要度過一段艱難的時光,故用with+賓語+不定式表示將來要執行的動作。
答案:C
高考題例2:
_____two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京高考)
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
分析:
根據句意,此處應采用with +賓語+不定式
答案:A
14. a great / good many
修飾可數名詞,它的后面不能接of短語,但當名詞前有the, these, those, my, 等詞時,需加上介詞of
⑴A great many students like the movie.
好多學生喜歡這部電影
⑵We have read a good many books.
我們讀過許多書籍
⑶He has read a great many of the novels in this library.
他已讀了圖書館中的許多書
⑷A good many of his books were bought from this bookstore.
他的許多書是從這個書店里買的
其他表示許多的短語:
many a +單數名詞
a (large/great) number of + 復數名詞
plenty of +不可數名詞/復數名詞
quite a few + 復數名詞
a great deal of +不可數名詞
a large amount of +不可數名詞
⑴Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
很多堅強的人面對這種困難都動搖了
⑵A number of people have read this magazine.
好多人看過這本雜志
⑶There were quite a few copies sold on the first day.
第一天就賣了好多本
⑷She spent a great deal of money on clothes.
她花了許多錢買衣服
⑸They have a large amount of work to do.
他們有大量的工作要做
⑹There's plenty of rain in my hometown.
我的家鄉雨水大
⑺There are plenty of eggs in the basket.
籃子里有許多雞蛋
15. have a good knowledge of 了解,懂得,掌握
have no knowledge of不知道,不了解
to one's knowledge 據所知
without the knowledge of在不知道的情況下
come to sb's knowledge 被某人知悉
⑴I have a good knowledge of Chinese history.
我通曉中國歷史
⑵A baby has no knowledge of good and evil.
嬰兒不知善惡
⑶He sold the car without his wife's knowledge.
他瞞著妻子把汽車賣了
⑷To my knowledge, she has never been late before.
據我所知,她從來沒遲到過
⑸It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company.
據我們了解你一直欺騙公司
高考題例:
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation. (2002上海高考)
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. one
分析:
knowledge為不可數名詞,但若有形容詞修飾,則加不定冠詞a
答案:C
16. consider
①考慮 consider sth./ doing
He is considering going abroad.
他正考慮出國。
I'm considering changing my job.
我在考慮換工作。
I will consider your offer and tell you my decision tomorrow.
對你的提議我要考慮一下,明天告訴你我的決定。
②想,認為
+ 賓語+(to be)+ adj./ n.
consider + 賓語+ as + n./adj.
+ that 從句
I consider it a great honor.
我認為這是件很榮幸的事情。
We consider money (to be) important.
我們認為金錢是重要的。
We all consider him loyal to his friends.
我們都認為他對朋友忠誠。
We consider it important to learn a foreign language.
我們認為再學一門外語非常重要。
Lincoln was considered one of the greatest presidents in American history.
林肯被認為是美國歷史上最偉大的總統之一。
We all consider that you did a good deed.
我們都認為你做了件好事。
I don't consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我認為下午不會天晴。
③consideration n. 考慮
considering prep. 考慮到,鑒于
considerable adj. 相當大的
The question is worthy of consideration.
這個問題值得考慮。
She is very active, considering her age.
考慮到她的年齡,她很活躍了。
A considerable number of people object to the policy of the government.
相當多的人反對政府這一政策。
④take sth. into consideration 對某事加以考慮
under consideration 在考慮中
out of consideration 未加考慮
When marking Tom's exam papers, the teacher took his long illness into consideration.
批改湯姆的試卷時,老師考慮到了他長時間的生病。
There is one important fact that has been out of consideration.
有一重要事實未考慮到。
高考鏈接
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案:C
分析:
該句為 consider sb. to do 的被動結構,即 be considered to do, 同時要注意不定式的時態。因為發明電腦發生在認為之前,故不定式用完成時。
17. means n.
a)手段,方法 (單復數同形)
a means of transport/ communication
運輸工具/通訊工具
The quickest means of travel is by air.
最快捷的旅行方式是乘飛機。
All possible means have been tried.
一切可能的辦法都已經被嘗試過了。
b)by means of 用,依靠
by all means 一定,務必,當然
by no means 決不,并未
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不會說話,但手勢表達了她的愿望。
He succeeded by means of perseverance.
他靠毅力獲得了成功。
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。
I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.
我決不能假裝對這種行為表示滿意。
---May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上學嗎?
---By no means. 絕對不行。
c)辨析:means, method, way
三個詞均表示方法,means指為達到一個目的或產生某種結果而采用的方法、手段,way是最普通常用的詞,method 強調解決某個問題的辦法,三個詞與介詞搭配一般為:by the means/ in the way/ with the method
18. experience
a)c.n. 經歷,閱歷
How many interesting experiences do you have?
你有多少有趣的經歷?
Our travel by camel was an unforgettable experience.
我們騎駱駝的旅行是一次難忘的經歷。
b)u.n. 經驗,體驗
She has so much experience of teaching.
她有豐富的教學經驗。
I know from experience that he will be late.
就我的經驗判斷他會來晚的。
c)v. 經歷,感覺,感受,體驗
Have you experienced an earthquake?
你有沒有體驗過地震?
For the first time, we experienced defeat.
我們第一次遭遇失敗。
d)experienced adj. 有經驗的,熟練的
He is experienced in hunting.
他打獵很有經驗。
The factory is in need of experienced workers.
這個工廠需要熟練工人。
19. protect
a)v. 保衛,保護
We're having good holidays while soldiers are protecting our country.
我們在幸福地享受假期,而士兵們卻在保衛祖國。
There're fewer animals. It's important for us to protect them.
動物們越來越少,對于我們來說保護他們很重要。
b)protect---from/against--- 保護---使不受,防御
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴著太陽鏡以遮擋強烈的陽光。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他舉起手臂擋住臉躲過了這一擊。
Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away.
村民們種了許多樹防止水土流失。
c)protection n. 保護,防御
under the protection of
在---的保護下
The hat will give protection against the sun.
這頂帽子可遮陽。
The chicks are under the protection of the hen.
小雞們在母雞的保護下。
20. separate
a)v. 分隔,分離 (常與from連用)
You'd better separate the bad apples from the good ones.
你最好把壞蘋果同好蘋果分開。
Many families got separated during the war.
戰爭期間,很多家庭妻離子散。
At this point, the satellite separates from its launcher.
此時,衛星就脫離發射器。
It's the children who suffer when their parents separate.
父母分居時受罪的是孩子。
b)adj. 分開的,獨立的,不同的
David and I have been separated for six months and we have been sleeping in separate bedrooms. 我和大衛分居6個月了,我們一直睡在各自的臥室里。
He tries to keep his professional life separate from his private life.
他盡量把他的職場生活和私人生活完全分開。
c)separate, divide separate著重指把原來結合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分開或隔離,divide著重指將整體分成若干部分。
