高中英語語法-高中英語語法重點難點回顧之一
高中英語語法重點難點回顧之一
主謂一致?？茧y題：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時, 謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主語用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時, 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時, 其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱，球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容詞的順序：
系動詞be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-開首的形容詞例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表語,不能作定語。
某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔細地，密切地
2)free 免費地 freely自由地,無拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不
4)late 晚，遲 lately 近來
5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的深
9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)
10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎
bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
表示一方不及另一方時，用less＋原級＋than的結(jié)構(gòu)表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．
表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修飾：He works even harder than before．
注意:by far 通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面, 如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者中間加the。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。
表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double。
表示最高程度的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時，該用so而不用such。如：
Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.
但little不表示數(shù)量而表示小的意思時,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
6)almost與nearly
在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：
Im not nearly ready.
在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：
I almost never see her.
need 表示需要或必須,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：
You neednt come so early.
Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.
注意：neednt have done表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事。例如：You neednt have waited for me.
should have done表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到。
You should have started earlier.
ought to have done表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didnt)
書報的標題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進行時。
有些動詞形式上是主動結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動的意思。常見的有可和 well, easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：
The cloth washes well.這布很經(jīng)洗。
The new product sells well.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。
The pen writes well.這支筆很好寫。
在動詞 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的賓語從句中用(should)＋ 動詞原形(虛擬語氣)例如：
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordere
高中英語語法重點難點回顧之一
主謂一致常考難題：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時, 謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主語用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時, 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時, 其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱，球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容詞的順序：
系動詞be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-開首的形容詞例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表語,不能作定語。
某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔細地，密切地
2)free 免費地 freely自由地,無拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不
4)late 晚，遲 lately 近來
5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的深
9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)
10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎
bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
表示一方不及另一方時，用less＋原級＋than的結(jié)構(gòu)表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．
表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修飾：He works even harder than before．
注意:by far 通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面, 如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者中間加the。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。
表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double。
表示最高程度的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時，該用so而不用such。如：
Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.
但little不表示數(shù)量而表示小的意思時,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
6)almost與nearly
在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：
Im not nearly ready.
在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：
I almost never see her.
need 表示需要或必須,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：
You neednt come so early.
Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.
注意：neednt have done表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事。例如：You neednt have waited for me.
should have done表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到。
You should have started earlier.
ought to have done表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didnt)
書報的標題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進行時。
有些動詞形式上是主動結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動的意思。常見的有可和 well, easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：
The cloth washes well.這布很經(jīng)洗。
The new product sells well.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。
The pen writes well.這支筆很好寫。
在動詞 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的賓語從句中用(should)＋ 動詞原形(虛擬語氣)例如：
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordere
