高中英語語法-說明文寫作三要素
說明文寫作三要素
[講一講]
用英語寫說明文,一要時態正確,二要條理清晰,內容連貫,三要語言樸素,明了。
1. 說明文主要采用一般現在時,因為說明文多為對客觀事物或事件的描述,所以并不需要用過于復雜的時態,省去了時態呼應,行文時比較隨意、自然。但要注意,當單、復數名詞做主語時,主謂語的一致要格外留意。要牢記變動詞第三人稱需加 -es 的規律。
2. 要寫好說明文,關鍵在于是否能做到行文自然有條理,措詞確切且得體。文章看似隨意,實是精心安排的結果,如老教材高二(上) Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文,抓住 different 這一主線,由總而分后又由分而總,用鮮明的對比來說明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 雖然數例并舉,但文章脈胳清晰,例子多而不散,你不妨模仿這種寫法。
另外要寫出有條理的說明文來,還要注意行文的連貫性,這要求我們平常積累大量的過渡詞。如連接詞 although, but, when, as soon as, so ,承上啟下的副詞 generally, at the same time, finally, at last, later 等。這些都是課本中的實例。用對,用好過渡詞,就能把各個段落有機聯系在一起,使整篇文章過渡自然,有條理,檔次也提高了。
3. 要寫好說明文,還要學會使用一些常用詞組和固定短語。如上面說過的 Body language 一文,作者使用了簡短直接的句子進行說明,讓讀者很輕快就明白了所介紹的內容。該文還大量運用了動名詞短語作主語,把復雜的內容用工整的句式統一起來,同時加入不定式、現在分詞等非謂語形式,豐富了表達。這些句式,美化了語句,也使文章顯得緊湊,簡約。所以,在今后的書面表達中,我們應多嘗試使用。
范例:
題目要求:寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文。說明步行有益健康。(內容自選)
范文:
Walking is good to people's health
As everyone knows, either fast walk or slow walk does good to the muscles (肌肉) and lungs of human. So people walk to build up their body, or to lose weight. But only some of them know that taking a walk every day is also good for protecting man's heart. Heart attack has become the first disease in the world because most people suffer from it.
Taking a walk can improve the blood supply to our heart. If you try to walk as often as possible, you'll have a healthier heart.
[練一練]
1. 句式訓練:
根據所給漢語完成下列句子:
① is my favorite sport.
溜冰是我最喜歡的運動項目。
② is no use without
光說不做沒有用。
③ What I want to do now isin a river.
我現在想做的事是去河里游泳。
④ on the top of the mountain is very difficult.
在山頂呼吸非常困難。
⑤ How about the two of us a walk down the garden?
我們倆去花園散散步好嗎?
2. 作文訓練:
題目要求:自擬題目寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文,談談寫英語日記的好處。
內容包括:①記英語日記可以幫你復習各方面的英語知識,如記憶單詞,正確使用短語,選擇恰當的句型結構( sentence pattern ),正確運用語法知識等。
②記英語日記可以提高你的寫作能力,常用英語記日記不僅幫你鞏固( consoled )所學英語知識,而且有助于你養成用英語思維的習慣,熟能生巧,久而久之,你的寫作能力就會有很大提高。
參考答案:
1. ① Skating ② It, talking, doing ③ to, swim ④ Breathing ⑤ taking
2. It is good to keep a diary in English
Keeping a diary in English does a great deal of good to my English study. Keeping a diary can help you review all the English knowledge you have learned. For example, you must know the correct spelling of each word needed in the diary; you must use the phrases correctly and choose the suitable sentence patterns, meanwhile, it is also necessary to use you knowledge of grammar in a correct way.
Keeping a diary can help you not only to console your knowledge of English, but to form the habit of thinking in English. Practice makes perfect. By and by, your English writing will be greatly improved.
說明文寫作三要素
[講一講]
用英語寫說明文,一要時態正確,二要條理清晰,內容連貫,三要語言樸素,明了。
1. 說明文主要采用一般現在時,因為說明文多為對客觀事物或事件的描述,所以并不需要用過于復雜的時態,省去了時態呼應,行文時比較隨意、自然。但要注意,當單、復數名詞做主語時,主謂語的一致要格外留意。要牢記變動詞第三人稱需加 -es 的規律。
2. 要寫好說明文,關鍵在于是否能做到行文自然有條理,措詞確切且得體。文章看似隨意,實是精心安排的結果,如老教材高二(上) Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文,抓住 different 這一主線,由總而分后又由分而總,用鮮明的對比來說明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 雖然數例并舉,但文章脈胳清晰,例子多而不散,你不妨模仿這種寫法。
另外要寫出有條理的說明文來,還要注意行文的連貫性,這要求我們平常積累大量的過渡詞。如連接詞 although, but, when, as soon as, so ,承上啟下的副詞 generally, at the same time, finally, at last, later 等。這些都是課本中的實例。用對,用好過渡詞,就能把各個段落有機聯系在一起,使整篇文章過渡自然,有條理,檔次也提高了。
3. 要寫好說明文,還要學會使用一些常用詞組和固定短語。如上面說過的 Body language 一文,作者使用了簡短直接的句子進行說明,讓讀者很輕快就明白了所介紹的內容。該文還大量運用了動名詞短語作主語,把復雜的內容用工整的句式統一起來,同時加入不定式、現在分詞等非謂語形式,豐富了表達。這些句式,美化了語句,也使文章顯得緊湊,簡約。所以,在今后的書面表達中,我們應多嘗試使用。
范例:
題目要求:寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文。說明步行有益健康。(內容自選)
范文:
Walking is good to people's health
As everyone knows, either fast walk or slow walk does good to the muscles (肌肉) and lungs of human. So people walk to build up their body, or to lose weight. But only some of them know that taking a walk every day is also good for protecting man's heart. Heart attack has become the first disease in the world because most people suffer from it.
Taking a walk can improve the blood supply to our heart. If you try to walk as often as possible, you'll have a healthier heart.
[練一練]
1. 句式訓練:
根據所給漢語完成下列句子:
① is my favorite sport.
溜冰是我最喜歡的運動項目。
② is no use without
光說不做沒有用。
③ What I want to do now isin a river.
我現在想做的事是去河里游泳。
④ on the top of the mountain is very difficult.
在山頂呼吸非常困難。
⑤ How about the two of us a walk down the garden?
我們倆去花園散散步好嗎?
2. 作文訓練:
題目要求:自擬題目寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文,談談寫英語日記的好處。
內容包括:①記英語日記可以幫你復習各方面的英語知識,如記憶單詞,正確使用短語,選擇恰當的句型結構( sentence pattern ),正確運用語法知識等。
②記英語日記可以提高你的寫作能力,常用英語記日記不僅幫你鞏固( consoled )所學英語知識,而且有助于你養成用英語思維的習慣,熟能生巧,久而久之,你的寫作能力就會有很大提高。
參考答案:
1. ① Skating ② It, talking, doing ③ to, swim ④ Breathing ⑤ taking
2. It is good to keep a diary in English
Keeping a diary in English does a great deal of good to my English study. Keeping a diary can help you review all the English knowledge you have learned. For example, you must know the correct spelling of each word needed in the diary; you must use the phrases correctly and choose the suitable sentence patterns, meanwhile, it is also necessary to use you knowledge of grammar in a correct way.
Keeping a diary can help you not only to console your knowledge of English, but to form the habit of thinking in English. Practice makes perfect. By and by, your English writing will be greatly improved.